scholarly journals Targeted microRNA characterization in various brain cell‐derived exosome subtypes to identify novel biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (S5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Yixin Su ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Tim M. Hughes ◽  
Suzanne Craft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

scholarly journals Plasma contact factors as novel biomarkers for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Eun Park ◽  
Do Sung Lim ◽  
Yeong Hee Cho ◽  
Kyu Yeong Choi ◽  
Jang Jae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Contact System ◽  
Plasma Diagnostic ◽  
Vascular Abnormalities ◽  
Prodromal Ad ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and most of AD patients suffer from vascular abnormalities and neuroinflammation. There is an urgent need to develop novel blood biomarkers capable of diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at very early stage. This study was performed to find out new accurate plasma diagnostic biomarkers for AD by investigating a direct relationship between plasma contact system and AD. Methods A total 101 of human CSF and plasma samples from normal and AD patients were analyzed. The contact factor activities in plasma were measured with the corresponding specific peptide substrates. Results The activities of contact factors (FXIIa, FXIa, plasma kallikrein) and FXa clearly increased and statistically correlated as AD progresses. We present here, for the first time, the FXIIa cut-off scores to as: > 26.3 U/ml for prodromal AD [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.783, p < 0.001] and > 27.2 U/ml for AD dementia (AUC = 0.906, p < 0.001). We also describe the cut-off scores from the ratios of CSF Aβ1–42 versus the contact factors. Of these, the representative ratio cut-off scores of Aβ1–42/FXIIa were to be: < 33.8 for prodromal AD (AUC = 0.965, p < 0.001) and < 27.44 for AD dementia (AUC = 1.0, p < 0.001). Conclusion The activation of plasma contact system is closely associated with clinical stage of AD, and FXIIa activity as well as the cut-off scores of CSF Aβ1–42/FXIIa can be used as novel accurate diagnostic AD biomarkers.

Disruption of Brain Cell Ion Homeostasis in Alzheimer's Disease by Oxy Radicals, and Signaling Pathways That Protect Therefrom

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark P. Mattson ◽  
Robert J. Mark ◽  
Katsutoshi Furukawa ◽  
Annadora J. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Brain Cell

scholarly journals Plasma Biomarkers: Potent Screeners of Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 290-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Shamsa Mubeen ◽  
Abeer Khan ◽  
Sehrish Ibrahim ◽  
Bisma Meer
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Plasma Biomarkers ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Complex Chronic Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurological disorder, is as a complex chronic disease of brain cell death that usher to cognitive decline and loss of memory. Its prevalence differs according to risk factors associated with it and necropsy performs vital role in its definite diagnosis. The stages of AD vary from preclinical to severe that proceeds to death of patient with no availability of treatment. Biomarker may be a biochemical change that can be recognized by different emerging technologies such as proteomics and metabolomics. Plasma biomarkers, 5-protein classifiers, are readily being used for the diagnosis of AD and can also predict its progression with a great accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity. In this review, upregulation or downregulation of few plasma proteins in patients with AD has also been discussed, when juxtaposed with control, and thus serves as potent biomarker in the diagnosis of AD.

scholarly journals Dielectric Constant and Conductivity of Blood Plasma: Possible Novel Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ernest Dallé ◽  
Musa V. Mabandla ◽  
William M. U. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Dorsal Hippocampus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
New Treatments

Alzheimer’s disease is a complex debilitating neurodegenerative disease for which there is no cure. The lack of reliable biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease has made the evaluation of the efficacy of new treatments difficult and reliant on only clinical symptoms. In an aged population where cognitive function may be deteriorating for other reasons, the dependence on clinical symptoms is also unreliable. However, it is well established that infusion of β-amyloid into the dorsal hippocampus of rats leads to cognitive impairment in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Moreover, the blood plasma of β-amyloid-lesioned rats exhibits a distinct variation of the dielectric constant and conductivity when compared to that of normal rats in a time-dependent manner. These two electric parameters of blood plasma may therefore act as potential biomarkers for dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. This review is aimed at highlighting evidences that support blood plasma electrical properties, e.g., dielectric constant and conductivity as possible novel biomarkers for the early development and progression of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Brain cell apoptosis inhibition by butylphthalide in Alzheimer's disease model in rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2771-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-Xia Song ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Ying-Li Wang ◽  
Yong Zou
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Apoptosis Inhibition

scholarly journals Serum MicroRNA Profiles Serve as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Dong ◽  
Jialu Li ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Donghai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Serum Microrna ◽  
Serum Mirnas ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
The Individual

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, and promptly diagnosis of AD is crucial for delaying the development of disease and improving patient quality of life. However, AD detection, particularly in the early stages, remains a substantial challenge due to the lack of specific biomarkers. The present study was undertaken to identify and validate the potential of circulating miRNAs as novel biomarkers for AD. Solexa sequencing was employed to screen the expression profile of serum miRNAs in AD and controls. RT-qPCR was used to confirm the altered miRNAs at the individual level. Moreover, candidate miRNAs were examined in the serum samples of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular dementia (VD). The results showed that four miRNAs (miR-31, miR-93, miR-143, and miR-146a) were markedly decreased in AD patients’ serum compared with controls. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that this panel of four miRNAs could be used as potential biomarker for AD. Furthermore, miR-93, and miR-146a were significantly elevated in MCI compared with controls, and the panel of miR-31, miR-93 and miR-146a can be used to discriminate AD from VD. We established a panel of four serum miRNAs as a novel noninvasive biomarker for AD diagnosis.

scholarly journals Plasma exosomal miRNA analysis of Alzheimer’s disease reveals the dysfunction of a neural network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhe Sun ◽  
Zhen Hefu ◽  
Wang Lifang ◽  
Benchao Li ◽  
Song Zhijie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Neural Function ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirna ◽  
Exosomal Mirna ◽  
Exosomal Microrna

AbstractExosomal microRNA (miRNA) is an emerging source for biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we profiled miRNA expression in AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and controls. The assessment and validation of differentially expressed miRNA represented their potential to be novel biomarkers for AD and MCI. We conducted 13 co-expression networks and a miRNA network module linked to neural function emerged as the most significantly associated with AD diagnosis. The conservation analysis revealed the M1 was highly preserved in controls but dysfunction in AD and MCI. The module pattern between MCI and NC was similar, but significantly differed from AD, suggesting that the neural network regulated by miRNA changed during the mild cognitive stage, and the total miRNA expression altered in AD stage. Additionally, 24 out of 26 M1 hub-miRNAs were derived from brain tissue, and 15 had been reported as AD biomarkers. We consequently proposed the other 11 miRNAs could play important roles in AD. Our study highlights that co-expression network analysis can provide a new path for finding novel biomarkers.

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