Visceral fat is associated with lower brain volume in healthy middle-aged adults

Background: Arterial stiffness (AS) indicates the initial stage of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which associated with modifiable and lifestyle risk factors. We aimed to examine the association of AS with anthropometric indices, lipid profiles, and physical activity. Methods: 658 healthy middle-aged adults selected and anthropometric indices (body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), neck circumferences (NC), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), body-fat mass (BFM), visceral-fat, fat-free mass(FFM), lipid profiles, and PA were measured. Arterial Stiffness measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and central augmentation index (cAIx). Results: Our results show, cf-PWV positively associated with TGs (β = 0.10, p = 0.01) and in anthropometric indices corelated with, WC (β = 0.11, p = 0.02), WHR (β = 0.09, p = 0.03), WHtR (β = 0.1, p = 0.02), and BRI (β = 0.09, p = 0.04). cAIx was independently positive association with cholesterol (β = 0.08, p = 0.03), WC (β = 0.1, p = 0.03), WHR (β = 0.09, p = 0.02), ABSI (β = 0.09, p = 0.01), BRI (β = 0.08, p = 0.05), visceral-fat area (β = 0.09, p = 0.03) and BFM (β = 0.08, p = 0.04) and negatively associated with PA (β = -0.08, p = 0.03). Conclusions: WC, WHR, and BRI were associated with both cf-PWV and cAIx. TGs and WHtR associated with cf-PWV, while cAIx was associated with ABSI, so improving these indices may be helpful to prevent CVD.

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Regional Brain Volumes and ADHD Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults: The PATH Through Life Study

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054714523316 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 1073-1086 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Debjani Das ◽

Nicolas Cherbuin ◽

Kaarin J. Anstey ◽

Walter Abhayaratna ◽

Simon Easteal

Keyword(s):

Brain Volume ◽

Brain Regions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Brain Volumes ◽

Automated Method ◽

Inattention And Hyperactivity ◽

Middle Aged Adults ◽

Anxiety Depression

Objective: We investigated whether volumetric differences in ADHD-associated brain regions are related to current symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity in healthy middle-aged adults and whether co-occurring anxiety/depression symptoms moderate these relationships. Method: ADHD Self-Report Scale and Brief Patient Health Questionnaire were used to assess current symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, anxiety, and depression in a population-based sample ( n = 269). Brain volumes, measured using a semi-automated method, were analyzed using multiple regression and structural equation modeling to evaluate brain volume–inattention/hyperactivity symptom relationships for selected regions. Results: Volumes of the left nucleus accumbens and a region overlapping the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were positively associated with inattention symptoms. Left hippocampal volume was negatively associated with hyperactivity symptoms. The brain volume–inattention/hyperactivity symptom associations were stronger when anxiety/depression symptoms were controlled for. Conclusion: Inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in middle-aged adults are associated with different brain regions and co-occurring anxiety/depression symptoms moderate these brain–behavior relationships.

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Higher visceral fat is associated with lower cerebral N-acetyl-aspartate ratios in middle-aged adults

Metabolic Brain Disease ◽

10.1007/s11011-017-9961-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 727-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sonya Kaur ◽

Alex C. Birdsill ◽

Kayla Steward ◽

Evan Pasha ◽

Peter Kruzliak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visceral Fat ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Middle Aged Adults

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Circulating cortisol and cognitive and structural brain measures

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000006549 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 91 (21) ◽

pp. e1961-e1970 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Justin B. Echouffo-Tcheugui ◽

Sarah C. Conner ◽

Jayandra J. Himali ◽

Pauline Maillard ◽

Charles S. DeCarli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Visual Perception ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Brain Volume ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Middle Aged Adults

ObjectiveTo assess the association of early morning serum cortisol with cognitive performance and brain structural integrity in community-dwelling young and middle-aged adults without dementia.MethodsWe evaluated dementia-free Framingham Heart Study (generation 3) participants (mean age 48.5 years, 46.8% men) who underwent cognitive testing for memory, abstract reasoning, visual perception, attention, and executive function (n = 2,231) and brain MRI (n = 2018) to assess total white matter, lobar gray matter, and white matter hyperintensity volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) measures. We used linear and logistic regression to assess the relations of cortisol (categorized in tertiles, with the middle tertile as referent) to measures of cognition, MRI volumes, presence of covert brain infarcts and cerebral microbleeds, and voxel-based microstructural white matter integrity and gray matter density, adjusting for age, sex, APOE, and vascular risk factors.ResultsHigher cortisol (highest tertile vs middle tertile) was associated with worse memory and visual perception, as well as lower total cerebral brain and occipital and frontal lobar gray matter volumes. Higher cortisol was associated with multiple areas of microstructural changes (decreased regional FA), especially in the splenium of corpus callosum and the posterior corona radiata. The association of cortisol with total cerebral brain volume varied by sex (p for interaction = 0.048); higher cortisol was inversely associated with cerebral brain volume in women (p = 0.001) but not in men (p = 0.717). There was no effect modification by the APOE4 genotype of the relations of cortisol and cognition or imaging traits.ConclusionHigher serum cortisol was associated with lower brain volumes and impaired memory in asymptomatic younger to middle-aged adults, with the association being evident particularly in women.

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