scholarly journals The dominant invading paths of extreme cold surges and the invasion probabilities in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ding ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Yuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Cold Surges

scholarly journals A Climatological Study of Extreme Cold Surges along the African Highlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1731-1738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin C. Crossett ◽  
Nicholas D. Metz
Keyword(s):  
East Coast ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Meridional Flow ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Cold Surges ◽  
African Highlands ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Type 3

AbstractEquatorward-moving cold surges occur along the lee of high terrain during the cold season. Even though the east coast of Africa features high terrain, little research exists on cold surges along the African highlands despite the fact that these surges could have potentially large agricultural and societal effects. This paper examines a 5-yr climatology of the most extreme African-highlands cold surges spanning the 2008–12 period. During these years, 186 cold surges occurred to the lee of the African highlands, with 84 events extending between 30° and 35°S (type 1), 27 extending between 25° and 30°S (type 2), and 75 extending equatorward of 25°S (type 3) based on the 1000–850-hPa thickness pattern. This climatology reveals that extreme African-highlands cold surges have a climatological maximum in September. Cold surges of type 1 and type 2 tend to occur throughout the Southern Hemisphere winter and spring, whereas surges of type 3 are generally confined to the winter months. These cold surges can last from 2 to 8 days, with the highest frequency of events spanning a 3-day period. A typical cold-surge event features maximum 925-hPa meridional flow of 30.0–39.9 kt (1 kt = 0.51 m s−1) that most frequently advects cold Antarctic air to between 15.0° and 24.9°S and at times as far as the equator.

scholarly journals Classification of Extreme Cold Incursions over South America

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1183-1203
Author(s):  
Isaque Saes Lanfredi ◽  
Ricardo de Camargo
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Cold Surges ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract Cold-air incursions across South America present a variety of problems, sometimes by advancing to the Amazon basin and causing agricultural losses related to extreme low-temperature events. The synoptic conditions that produce cold-air incursions are relatively well understood; however, the most affected region depends on the route by which cold air spreads across the continent. Therefore, the classification of extreme cold-air incursions allows a better understanding of the particularities directly related to the aforementioned losses. In this work, similarities and differences among extreme cold surges were found through time series correlation of anomaly temperatures in four selected areas and compositing techniques from ERA-Interim reanalysis datasets, resulting in three distinct patterns: meridional penetration (MP), meridional restriction (MR), and east penetration (EP). The patterns identified here enable a more detailed understanding of the synoptic patterns and forcing mechanisms associated with extreme cold-air incursions and therefore can be used for operational weather forecasting.

scholarly journals Pre-Signal and Influencing Sources of the Extreme Cold Surges at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Competition Zones

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Ting Ding ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Yuan Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Ural Mountain ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Asian Winter Monsoon ◽  
Time Profiles ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Cold Surges ◽  
Backward Analysis ◽  
Air Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Day By Day

The 24th Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games will take place in Beijing in 2022. All three competition zones are vulnerable to extreme cold surges (ECSs), owing to the occurrence of the East Asian winter monsoon. In this paper, a representative competition domain (37.5–42.5° N, 110–120° E) is adopted, with a view to avoiding the differences in both the geographies and the thresholds of ECSs among different zones by considering the probability of simultaneous occurrences. Since 2009, the ECSs in the domain have displayed higher frequency and extremity. Based on all ECS cases in the domain, the dominant circulation is revealed by a quasi “reverse-Ω” pattern, with two strong ridges over the east of the Ural Mountain and the Okhotsk Sea, and a broad, deep trough in East Asia. The influencing sources of the ECSs at the domain could be traced to the Novaya Zemlya by a day-by-day backward analysis. The oblique latitude/longitude–time profiles of both the 500 hPa geopotential height and the 850 hPa air temperature anomalies from the source to the domain clearly indicate that the pre-signal could have a leading influence that exceeds ten days, with a slow accumulation in the first stage and a rapid outburst in the second stage.

Impact of Various Regimens of Rhythmic Extreme Cold Exposures on Hormone and Lipid Content in Blood Serum of Young and Aged Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-220
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kulik ◽  
◽  
Georgiy Babiichuk ◽  
Vladyslav Babiichuk ◽  
Natalya Malova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Extreme Cold

Extremes of Temperature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Krake
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Assessment And Evaluation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Extremes Of Temperature

This chapter covers extremes of temperature conditions, physiological effects, and prevention. All deaths caused by exposure to hot and cold temperature extremes are preventable when proper measures are taken. Described in this chapter are the effects of extreme heat and extreme cold on the health of members of the public, particularly older people and young people, and workers employed in various workplace settings. The differences between heat stress and heat strain are also discussed, as are various regulations governing exposure to temperature extremes. The nature and magnitude of heat- and cold-related conditions and symptoms are described in detail. Final sections of the chapter address various assessment and evaluation tools as well as prevention and control measures. In addition, an appendix describes the hazards related to hyperbaric and hypobaric environments and adverse health effects.

scholarly journals Effect of extreme cold temperatures on quasi-static indentation and impact behavior of woven carbon fiber epoxy composite sandwich panels with nomex honeycomb core

2021 ◽  
pp. 109963622199387
Author(s):  
Mathilde Jean-St-Laurent ◽  
Marie-Laure Dano ◽  
Marie-Josée Potvin
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Impact Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Composite Sandwich Panels ◽  
Composite Sandwich ◽  
Static Indentation ◽  
Nomex Honeycomb ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
The Impact

The effect of extreme cold temperatures on the quasi-static indentation and the low velocity impact behavior of woven carbon/epoxy composite sandwich panels with Nomex honeycomb core was investigated. Impact tests were performed at room temperature, –70°C, and –150°C. Two sizes of hemispherical impactor were used combined to three different impactor masses. All the impact tests were performed at the same initial impact velocity. The effect of temperature on the impact behavior is investigated by studying the load history, load-displacement curves and transmitted energy as a function of time curves. Impact damage induced at various temperatures was studied using different non-destructive and destructive techniques. Globally, more damages are induced with impact temperature decreasing. The results also show that the effect of temperature on the impact behavior is function of the impactor size.

scholarly journals The Nature and Predictability of the East Asian Extreme Cold Events of 2020/21

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guokun Dai ◽  
Chunxiang Li ◽  
Zhe Han ◽  
Dehai Luo ◽  
Yao Yao
Keyword(s):  
East Asian ◽  
Cold Events ◽  
Extreme Cold

scholarly journals Efficiency gains for thermally coupled solar hydrogen production in extreme cold

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Kölbach ◽  
Kira Rehfeld ◽  
Matthias M. May
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Production ◽  
Thermal Coupling ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Solar Hydrogen ◽  
World Regions ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Solar Hydrogen Production

We analyse the potential of solar hydrogen production in remote and cold world regions such as Antarctica and quantify the efficiency benefits of thermal coupling.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document