Type O blood group associates with higher anti‐JC polyomavirus antibody levels

A polysaccharide antigen, prepared from a virulent strain of Past. tularensis by phenol extraction, was employed in assaying the antibody in sera from persons recovered from infection with, or vaccinated with Past. tularensis, using the serological technique of quantitative precipitation. Antibody levels in sera of individuals vaccinated with or recovered from infection with Past. tularensis were found to resemble those observed in similar studies by other investigators, such as the antibody response to pneumococcal antigen, meningococcal polysaccharide, and blood group substances. It is suggested that the value of actively or of passively acquired antibody to an individual exposed to tularemia is dependent not on the amount of antibody alone, but also on the amount of antigen with which the antibody is capable of combining.

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Effect of Infant and Maternal Secretor Status on Rotavirus Vaccine Take—An Overview

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13061144 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1144

Author(s):

Sumit Sharma ◽

Johan Nordgren

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Specific Antibody ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Rotavirus Vaccine ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Rotavirus Infection ◽

Secretor Status ◽

Rotavirus Vaccines ◽

Infection Susceptibility ◽

Antibody Levels

Histo-blood group antigens, which are present on gut epithelial surfaces, function as receptors or attachment factors and mediate susceptibility to rotavirus infection. The major determinant for susceptibility is a functional FUT2 enzyme which mediates the presence of α-1,2 fucosylated blood group antigens in mucosa and secretions, yielding the secretor-positive phenotype. Secretors are more susceptible to infection with predominant rotavirus genotypes, as well as to the commonly used live rotavirus vaccines. Difference in susceptibility to the vaccines is one proposed factor for the varying degree of efficacy observed between countries. Besides infection susceptibility, secretor status has been found to modulate rotavirus specific antibody levels in adults, as well as composition of breastmilk in mothers and microbiota of the infant, which are other proposed factors affecting rotavirus vaccine take. Here, the known and possible effects of secretor status in both infant and mother on rotavirus vaccine take are reviewed and discussed.

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Establishment of a Hyperacute Rejection Model of ABO-Incompatible Renal Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.807604 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Junxiang Wang ◽

Hao Feng ◽

Chi Zhang ◽

Shan Zhong ◽

Lu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Blood Group ◽

Nonhuman Primates ◽

Clinical Intervention ◽

Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽

Type A ◽

Hyperacute Rejection ◽

Target Cells ◽

Type B ◽

Antibody Levels

The establishment of a hyperacute rejection (HAR) model of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KTx) in nonhuman primates is of great significance for the study of the relevant clinical pathophysiological processes and related interventions in ABOi-KTx. In this study, blood group B cynomolgus monkeys were presensitized with synthetic blood group A-antigen conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (A-KLH) to boost circulating anti-A antibody levels. The serum anti-A antibody levels were measured by flow cytometry using type A human reagent red blood cells (RBCs) or monkey primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) as target cells. ABOi-KTx was performed in type B monkeys using type A monkeys as donors. After 14 days of A-KLH sensitization, 12 of 16 (75%) type B monkeys had significantly elevated anti-A antibody levels. We found that in order to avoid irregular results in the detection of blood group antibodies by flow cytometry, it was more effective to use RTECs rather than RBCs as target cells. In the absence of presensitization, ABOi-KTx in three monkeys with relatively high levels of natural anti-A antibodies did not produce HAR. However, when four Type B monkeys with significantly increased anti-A antibodies after presensitization were randomly selected as recipients for ABOi-KTx, the allografts in all four monkeys developed HAR with typical pathologic characteristics. Thus, we have successfully established a monkey model of HAR in ABOi-KTx via blood group antigen presensitization, which will be helpful for the further study of rejection, accommodation, and clinical intervention in ABOi-KTx.

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Blood Group Antibody Levels in Hiroshima

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v17.4.462.462 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 462-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

JAMES W. HOLLINGSWORTH ◽

HOWARD B. HAMILTON ◽

GILBERT W. BEEBE ◽

MITSURU YAMASAKI ◽

Noboru Ueda

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Group B ◽

Antibody Levels

Abstract Blood group antibody levels were measured in 526 irradiated survivors of the 1945 atomic bombing of Hiroshima and in 516 nonirradiated subjects. The study was undertaken in order to determine the age changes in antibody levels in irradiated and nonirradiated subjects, as well as to investigate the pattern of blood agglutinin levels in the Japanese population for comparison with that of Caucasians. The following observations were made: 1. In 475 people of group A, 228 of group B, and 339 of group O, the mean serum levels of anti-A and anti-B antibodies were virtually identical irrespective of the blood group of the subjects. 2. In individual group O subjects, the titers of anti-A and anti-B antibodies were very highly correlated (correlation coefficient of +.92). 3. Females exhibited higher antibody levels, although the magnitude of the difference was small. 4. Peak antibody titers were reached at age 20-30, with progressive linear regression in levels with advancing age. Peak titers in early adulthood were 5-10 times higher than those of the very elderly. 5. No correlation between blood group antibody levels and atomic irradiation was detected, whether irradiation was represented by (a) presence or absence of acute radiation symptoms in 1945, (b) distance from the hypocenter, or (c) numerical dosage estimate. 6. As one of a battery of tests of physiologic aging designed for detection of irradiation induced nonspecific aging acceleration, blood group antibody levels seem of modest value. After age 30, the linear correlation with chronologic age is -.72. 7. Differences in blood group antibody levels in Japanese and Caucasians indicate that (a) Caucasians have higher anti-A antibody levels as compared to anti-B levels than do Japanese, and (b) the peak antibody level occurs at an earlier age in Caucasians than in Japanese. It is not clear whether these differences are related to race and heredity or to external antigenic stimulation with A and B antigenic materials, but studies of blood group antibody levels in different racial groups should help elucidate the nature of these differences.

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ANTI-A AND ANTI-B BLOOD GROUP ANTIBODY LEVELS IN RELATION TO AGE IN CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS

Japanese Journal of Medical Science and Biology ◽

10.7883/yoken1952.36.289 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 289-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

KEIJI TERAO ◽

KOJI FUJIMOTO ◽

FUMIAKI CHO ◽

SHIGEO HONJO

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Cynomolgus Monkeys ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

B Blood Group

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Comparison of Microneutralization and Histo-Blood Group Antigen–Blocking Assays for Functional Norovirus Antibody Detection

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiz526 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Robert L Atmar ◽

Khalil Ettayebi ◽

B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar ◽

Frederick H Neill ◽

Ralph P Braun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Neutralizing Antibody ◽

Blood Group Antigen ◽

Antibody Detection ◽

In Vitro Cultivation ◽

Human Noroviruses ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Blocking Antibodies

Abstract Background The development of an in vitro cultivation system for human noroviruses allows the measurement of neutralizing antibody levels. Methods Serum neutralizing antibody levels were determined using a GII.4/Sydney/2012-like virus in human intestinal enteroids in samples collected before and 4 weeks after administration of an investigational norovirus vaccine and were compared with those measured in histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)–blocking assays. Results Neutralizing antibody seroresponses were observed in 71% of 24 vaccinated adults, and antibody levels were highly correlated (r = 0.82, P < .001) with those measured by HBGA blocking. Conclusions HBGA-blocking antibodies are a surrogate for neutralization in human noroviruses. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02475278.

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