ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst Potential Measurement: A Valuable Tool for Understanding and Controlling Liquid Phase Redox Reactions

An origin of life between the sheets of micaceous clay is proposed to involve the following steps: 1) evolution of metabolic cycles and nucleic acid replication, in separate niches in biotite mica; 2) evolution of protein synthesis on ribosomes formed by liquid-in-liquid phase separation; 3) repeated encapsulation by membranes of molecules required for the metabolic cycles, replication, and protein synthesis; 4) interactions and fusion of the these membranes containing enclosed molecules; resulting eventually in 5) an occasional living cell, containing everything necessary for life. The spaces between mica sheets have many strengths as a site for life’s origins: mechanochemistry and wet-dry cycles as energy sources, an 0.5-nm anionic crystal lattice with potassium counterions (K+), hydrogen-bonding, enclosure, and more. Mica pieces in micaceous clay are large enough to support mechanochemistry from moving mica sheets. Biotite mica is an iron-rich mica capable of redox reactions, where the stages of life’s origins could have occurred, in micaceous clay.

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ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of Liquid-Phase Redox Reactions Involving Hydroxy- and Aminoalkanesulfinates

ChemInform ◽

10.1002/chin.200235290 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 33 (35) ◽

pp. no-no

Author(s):

Yu. V. Polenov ◽

V. V. Budanov ◽

E. V. Egorova

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Redox Reactions ◽

Kinetics Of

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Structural Transformations of Au and Au-Cu Nanoparticles during Liquid-Phase Synthesis and Redox Reactions in Gaseous Environment

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927617009965 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (S1) ◽

pp. 1860-1861

Author(s):

Damien Alloyeau ◽

Nabeel Ahmad ◽

Helene Prunier ◽

Adrian Chmielewski ◽

Jaysen Nelayah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Redox Reactions ◽

Structural Transformations ◽

Cu Nanoparticles ◽

Phase Synthesis ◽

Gaseous Environment

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Redox Reactions in Lipid Membranes as a Model for Primordial Energy-Conserving Systems

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100014950 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 437-442

Author(s):

Salvatore Di Bernardo ◽

Romana Fato ◽

Giorgio Lenaz

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Lipid Membranes ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Redox Reactions ◽

Living Systems ◽

Asymmetric Distribution ◽

Conservation Of Energy ◽

Asymmetrical Distribution ◽

Energy Conserving ◽

Living Organisms

AbstractOne of the peculiar aspects of living systems is the production and conservation of energy. This aspect is provided by specialized organelles, such as the mitochondria and chloroplasts, in developed living organisms. In primordial systems lacking specialized enzymatic complexes the energy supply was probably bound to the generation and maintenance of an asymmetric distribution of charged molecules in compartmentalized systems. On the basis of experimental evidence, we suggest that lipophilic quinones were involved in the generation of this asymmetrical distribution of charges through vectorial redox reactions across lipid membranes.

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Elucidation of block boundaries as the dissolution channels in hydrated cement

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109562 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 484-485

Author(s):

N.V. Belov ◽

U.I. Papiashwili ◽

B.E. Yudovich

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Grain Boundaries ◽

Benzoyl Peroxide ◽

Phase Contrast ◽

Active Role ◽

Point Of View ◽

Hardened Cement ◽

Hydrated Cement ◽

Hardened Cement Paste

It has been almost universally adopted that dissolution of solids proceeds with development of uniform, continuous frontiers of reaction.However this point of view is doubtful / 1 /. E.g. we have proved the active role of the block (grain) boundaries in the main phases of cement, these boundaries being the areas of hydrate phases' nucleation / 2 /. It has brought to the supposition that the dissolution frontier of cement particles in water is discrete. It seems also probable that the dissolution proceeds through the channels, which serve both for the liquid phase movement and for the drainage of the incongruant solution products. These channels can be appeared along the block boundaries.In order to demonsrate it, we have offered the method of phase-contrast impregnation of the hardened cement paste with the solution of methyl metacrylahe and benzoyl peroxide. The viscosity of this solution is equal to that of water.

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Identification of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures by solid phase immune electron microscopy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100142815 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

C.D. Humphrey ◽

T.L. Cromeans ◽

E.H. Cook ◽

D.W. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Cell Cultures ◽

Rapid Detection ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Immune Electron Microscopy ◽

Detection And Identification

There is a variety of methods available for the rapid detection and identification of viruses by electron microscopy as described in several reviews. The predominant techniques are classified as direct electron microscopy (DEM), immune electron microscopy (IEM), liquid phase immune electron microscopy (LPIEM) and solid phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM). Each technique has inherent strengths and weaknesses. However, in recent years, the most progress for identifying viruses has been realized by the utilization of SPIEM.

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Microanalysis of silicate glass films grown on α-Al2O3 by pulsed-laser deposition

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100148022 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 438-439

Author(s):

Michael P. Mallamaci ◽

James Bentley ◽

C. Barry Carter

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Single Crystal ◽

Pulsed Laser Deposition ◽

Pulsed Laser ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Laser Deposition ◽

Triple Junctions ◽

Ion Milling ◽

Multicomponent Oxides ◽

Glass Films

Glass-oxide interfaces play important roles in developing the properties of liquid-phase sintered ceramics and glass-ceramic materials. Deposition of glasses in thin-film form on oxide substrates is a potential way to determine the properties of such interfaces directly. Pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) has been successful in growing stoichiometric thin films of multicomponent oxides. Since traditional glasses are multicomponent oxides, there is the potential for PLD to provide a unique method for growing amorphous coatings on ceramics with precise control of the glass composition. Deposition of an anorthite-based (CaAl2Si2O8) glass on single-crystal α-Al2O3 was chosen as a model system to explore the feasibility of PLD for growing glass layers, since anorthite-based glass films are commonly found in the grain boundaries and triple junctions of liquid-phase sintered α-Al2O3 ceramics.Single-crystal (0001) α-Al2O3 substrates in pre-thinned form were used for film depositions. Prethinned substrates were prepared by polishing the side intended for deposition, then dimpling and polishing the opposite side, and finally ion-milling to perforation.

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Effect of furnace atmosphere and silica content on the consolidation behaviour of magnesia partially stabilised zirconia

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100178410 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 1056-1057

Author(s):

J. Drennan ◽

R.H.J. Hannink ◽

D.R. Clarke ◽

T.M. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Liquid Phase ◽

Silica Content ◽

Liquid Phase Sintering ◽

Furnace Atmosphere ◽

Boundary Phase ◽

Analytical Electron ◽

Analytical Electron Microscope ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Compositional Gradients ◽

Mobile Liquid

Magnesia partially stabilised zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ceramics are renowned for their excellent nechanical properties. These are effected by processing conditions and purity of starting materials. It has been previously shown that small additions of strontia (SrO) have the effect of removing the major contaminant, silica (SiO2).The mechanism by which this occurs is not fully understood but the strontia appears to form a very mobile liquid phase at the grain boundaries. As the sintering reaches the final stages the liquid phase is expelled to the surface of the ceramic. A series of experiments, to examine the behaviour of the liquid grain boundary phase, were designed to produce compositional gradients across the ceramic bodies. To achieve this, changes in both silica content and furnace atmosphere were implemented. Analytical electron microscope techniques were used to monitor the form and composition of the phases developed. This paper describes the results of our investigation and the presentation will discuss the work with reference to liquid phase sintering of ceramics in general.

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