Smoking and drinking can inducep15 methylation in the upper aerodigestive tract of healthy individuals and patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

AbstractIntroduction:There is growing evidence to suggest that reflux (both laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal) has a role in the development of upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma. This study discusses the role of identifying reflux in this patient group, and its prevalence.Methods:Prospective review of patients with head and neck cancer undergoing flexible oesophagogastroscopy as part of their diagnostic investigation.Results:Forty-five consecutive patients were identified. All patients were found to have evidence of oesophagitis, with 28 having oesophageal erosions and two Barrett's oesophagitis.Conclusion:Flexible oesophagogastroscopy is a useful test in patients with upper aerodigestive tract squamous cell carcinoma.

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Recent Advances in Biomarkers and Potential Targeted Therapies in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

ISRN Surgery ◽

10.5402/2012/715743 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eric J. Yavrouian ◽

Uttam K. Sinha

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Targeted Therapies ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oncogenic Viruses ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a devastating tumor of the upper aerodigestive tract with no significant change in treatment modality or improvement in survival over the last several decades. Biomarkers are important biological molecules that can be utilized in tumor detection, prognosis, and as targeted therapies. There are several important biomarkers and potential targets in the forefront, including biomarkers of tumorigenesis, signal transduction molecules, proteins involved in angiogenesis, and oncogenic viruses. The clinical applications of these biomarkers are in various states from in vitro and in vivo models, phase II and III clinical trials, to accepted modes of treatment in patients with HNSCC. Given the potential improvement in prognosis that biomarkers and their targeted therapies may have on the treatment of HNSCC, their investigation is both important and essential.

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Oral Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC)

Epidemiology Open Access ◽

10.4172/2161-1165.1000180 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Juliet Dang Hector Xavier

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Healthy Individuals

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Comparative Analysis of Serum Zinc and Vitamin A in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Healthy Individuals

British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/bjmmr/2016/22204 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Adekunle Daniel ◽

Ayotunde Fasunla ◽

Theresa Elumelu ◽

Onyekwere Nwaorgu

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Healthy Individuals

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miRNAs as Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Predicting Survival of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13163980 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 3980

Author(s):

Igor Piotrowski ◽

Xiang Zhu ◽

Tatiana Dandolini Saccon ◽

Sarah Ashiqueali ◽

Augusto Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Tumor Tissue ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Differentially Expressed Mirnas

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. These tumors originate from epithelial cells of the upper aerodigestive tract. HNSCC tumors in different regions can have significantly different molecular characteristics. While many microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be involved in the regulation of the carcinogenesis and pathogenesis of HNSCC, new HNSCC related miRNAs are still being discovered. The aim of this study was to explore potential miRNA biomarkers that can be used to diagnose HNSCC and prognose survival of HNSCC patients. For this purpose, we chose a panel of 12 miRNAs: miR-146a-5p, miR-449a, miR-126-5p, miR-34a-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-217-5p, miR-378c, miR-6510-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-149-5p, and miR-133a-5p. Expression of these miRNAs was measured in tumor tissue and neighboring healthy tissue collected from patients diagnosed with HNSCC (n = 79) in either the oral cavity, oropharynx, or larynx. We observed a pattern of differentially expressed miRNAs at each of these cancer locations. Our study showed that some of these miRNAs, separately or in combination, could serve as biomarkers distinguishing between healthy and tumor tissue, and their expression correlated with patients’ overall survival.

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ANO1 Expression Orchestrates p27Kip1/MCL1-Mediated Signaling in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13051170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1170

Author(s):

Artemis Filippou ◽

Henna Pehkonen ◽

Piia-Riitta Karhemo ◽

Juho Väänänen ◽

Anni I. Nieminen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Differential Expression Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Anoctamin 1 ◽

Primary Tumors

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of tumors that derive from the mucosal epithelium of the upper aerodigestive tract and present high mortality rate. Lack of efficient targeted-therapies and biomarkers towards patients’ stratification are caveats in the disease treatment. Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) gene is amplified in 30% of HNSCC cases. Evidence suggests involvement of ANO1 in proliferation, migration, and evasion of apoptosis; however, the exact mechanisms remain elusive. Aim of this study was to unravel the ANO1-dependent transcriptional programs and expand the existing knowledge of ANO1 contribution to oncogenesis and drug response in HNSCC. We cultured two HNSCC cell lines established from primary tumors harboring amplification and high expression of ANO1 in three-dimensional collagen. Differential expression analysis of ANO1-depleted HNSCC cells demonstrated downregulation of MCL1 and simultaneous upregulation of p27Kip1 expression. Suppressing ANO1 expression led to redistribution of p27Kip1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and associated with a cell cycle arrested phenotype. ANO1 silencing or pharmacological inhibition resulted in reduction of cell viability and ANO1 protein levels, as well as suppression of pro-survival BCL2 family proteins. Collectively, these data provide insights of ANO1 involvement in HNSCC carcinogenesis and support the rationale that ANO1 is an actionable drug target.

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Evaluation of Tissue and Serum Expression Levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes in Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520619666191014160818 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (17) ◽

pp. 2072-2078 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nooshin Mohtasham ◽

Hossein Ayatollahi ◽

Nasrollah Saghravanian ◽

Reza Zare ◽

Mohammad-Taghi Shakeri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Sensitivity And Specificity ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Healthy Tissue ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Expression Levels

Background: Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common malignancy that is associated with high morbidity and mortality all over the world. We explored the role of mRNA expression of both subunits of LDH in the early diagnosis of HNSCC. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study on 62 healthy individuals and 62 patients with HNSCC. The expression of LDH in tumors and healthy tissue margins, and in the serum of both HNSCC patients and healthy individuals was evaluated using a quantitative real-time PCR method. Analysis of LDH-A and LDH-B expression and sensitivity-specificity analysis were carried out using SPSS software. Results: mRNA expression levels of LDH-A (4.18±1.29) and LDH-B (2.85±1.07) isoenzymes in tumor tissues were significantly higher than the expressions in the corresponding healthy tissue margins (1.85±0.56 and 1.61±0.56 for LDH-A and LDH-B, respectively). A comparison of LDH-B expression between histological grade I tumor tissue (2.74±0.19) and marginal tissue (1.62±0.90) showed a significant difference (P=0.016). Patients with a positive history of alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking had significantly higher mRNA expression of LDH-A (P=0.024) and LDH-B (P=0.03) in the marginal tissue and blood, respectively. The highest sensitivity and specificity values pertained to the mRNA expression of LDH-A (90.9%) and LDH-B (85.5%) in the blood. Conclusion: This is the first study reporting LDH gene expression as a biomarker in blood and tumoral tissue of HNSCC patients. Given the highest sensitivity and specificity values for LDH-A and LDH-B in blood, we recommend the simultaneous evaluation of both LDH isoenzymes in blood samples as a potential diagnostic method.

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Prognostic and Predictive Factors in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22094981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (9) ◽

pp. 4981

Author(s):

Teresa Magnes ◽

Sandro Wagner ◽

Dominik Kiem ◽

Lukas Weiss ◽

Gabriel Rinnerthaler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Locally Advanced ◽

Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽

Hpv Status

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous disease arising from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite multimodality treatments approximately half of all patients with locally advanced disease relapse and the prognosis of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC is dismal. The introduction of checkpoint inhibitors improved the treatment options for these patients and pembrolizumab alone or in combination with a platinum and fluorouracil is now the standard of care for first-line therapy. However, approximately only one third of unselected patients respond to this combination and the response rate to checkpoint inhibitors alone is even lower. This shows that there is an urgent need to improve prognostication and prediction of treatment benefits in patients with HNSCC. In this review, we summarize the most relevant risk factors in the field and discuss their roles and limitations. The human papilloma virus (HPV) status for patients with oropharyngeal cancer and the combined positive score are the only biomarkers consistently used in clinical routine. Other factors, such as the tumor mutational burden and the immune microenvironment have been highly studied and are promising but need validation in prospective trials.

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