Screening and identification of resistant sources against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing white mold disease in common bean

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1986-1996
Author(s):  
Sonali Chauhan ◽  
Shabnam Katoch ◽  
S.K. Sharma ◽  
P.N. Sharma ◽  
J.C. Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Resistant Sources ◽  
Screening And Identification

Efficacy of three greenhouse screening methods for the identification of physiological resistance to white mold in dry bean

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Terán ◽  
S P Singh
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Dry Bean ◽  
Physiological Resistance ◽  
Nueva Granada

White mold (WM) caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is the most devastating disease of common bean (dry and snap or garden bean) (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in North America. The use of a reliable screening method (SM) in common bean is crucial to improve physiological resistance to WM. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of three SM to identify physiological resistance in dry bean genotypes with different evolutionary origins and levels of resistance. Screening methods tested were: (i) the modified straw test or cut–stem (CSM); (ii) infected bean flower (IFL); and (iii) infected oat seed (IOS). A 195, ICA Bunsi, Othello, and VCW 54 dry bean were tested with the three SM. The experimental design was a split plot in randomized complete blocks with three replications in 2007 and 2008. Two independent inoculations 1 wk apart for each SM were made. The WM reaction was scored at 16, 23, and 33 d post-inoculation (DPI) using a 1 to 9 scale. There were highly significant differences between SM and its interaction with years. The CSM and IFL were the most consistent and highly correlated (r > 0.70, P < 0.01). Interspecific breeding line VCW 54 consistently had the highest WM resistance across years, SM, and evaluation dates, followed by A 195. White mold scores increased with delayed evaluations. Thus, CSM or IFL with disease assessed 33 DPI should be used for identifying common bean genotypes with high levels of physiological resistance to WM.Key words: Common bean, growth habit, race Mesoamerica, race Nueva Granada, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

scholarly journals Protocol adjustment improves the extraction of high-quality total RNA from common bean stems infected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Novais de Miranda ◽  
Caroline Marcela da Silva ◽  
Antonio Carlos da Mota Porto ◽  
Welison Andrade Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Commercial Kits ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT The Straw Test is an assay developed to evaluate the resistance of common bean to white mold, in which the plant stems are inoculated and the symptoms of the disease are monitored. It is plausible to admit that investigating gene expression in pathogen-infected tissues may be strategically interesting. However, obtaining a quality RNA is a basic requirement for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate adjustments in protocols of commercial kits in the expectation of improving the quality of RNA obtained from bean stems. For this, plants of two lines were inoculated and the stems pathogen-infected were collected 72 hours after. For RNA extraction, two commercial reagents were used following the manufacturer’s recommendations and then following adaptations in these protocols. In particular, the proposed modifications relate to volumes of supernatant recovered in purification steps, additional step of chloroform purification and extended time for nucleic acids precipitation. The obtained RNA was analyzed by spectrophotometer, electrophoresis and bioanalyzer, then converted into cDNA and subsequently submitted to PCR. From the obtained data, it was observed that the adaptations made in the protocols contributed to better results and that, when the indicative values of RNA quality are guaranteed, the subsequent reactions are more pure, precise and representative.

scholarly journals Screening common bean germplasm for resistance to genetically diverse Sclerotinia sclerotiorum isolates from Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e42786
Author(s):  
Carla Luciana Abán ◽  
Gisel Maria Taboada ◽  
Norma Beatriz Casalderrey ◽  
Maria Elisa Maggio ◽  
Mario Osvaldo Chocobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Production Areas

White mold caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary is a devastating disease that affects the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris. L) crop worldwide. In Argentina, white mold has been detected in all bean production areas, reaching seed yield and quality losses up to 100% on susceptible common bean cultivars under favorable weather conditions. The aim of this study was to screen the physiological resistance of 20 common bean accessions to five genetically distinct isolates of S. sclerotiorum collected from the main common bean growing area of Argentina, using the greenhouse straw test. The white mold reaction was scored at 7, 14, and 21 days post-inoculation using a 1 (no disease symptoms) to 9 (severely diseased or dead plants) scale and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was determined. Highly significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed between isolates, accessions and genotype x isolate interaction at the three evaluations dates. All cultivars and lines were susceptible at the end of the assessment, except line A 195 which was resistant to white mold against the five isolates tested and was significantly different from all accessions. This work represents a valuable contribution to regional breeding programmes aimed to obtain cultivars with durable resistance.

Bacillus sp. FSQ1: a Promising Biological Control Agent Against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, the Causal Agent of white Mold in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Villarreal-Delgado ◽  
Fannie Isela Parra-Cota ◽  
Luis Alberto Cira-Chávez ◽  
María Isabel Estrada-Alvarado ◽  
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

scholarly journals Performance of common bean seeds infected by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana da Silva Botelho ◽  
Willian Luis Antonio Zancan ◽  
José da Cruz Machado ◽  
Ellen Noly Barrocas
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Different Strains

The fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causal agent of white mold disease on several economically important crops, such as bean, soybean, and cotton, is commonly disseminated through seeds and can cause high losses on their quality and in productivity of these species. The aim of this study was assessing the effects of different initial inoculums potentials of this fungus on common bean seeds using two different strains of the fungus and two genotypes of common beans (Pérola and Ouro Negro) artificially inoculated. Seeds were sown on soil and the cultivation was performed under controlled environmental conditions favorable to development of the white mold disease. Variables assessed were: germination; seed health; emergence speed index; initial and final seedling number; and dry weight of aerial parts and roots. It was found that with the gradual increase in inoculum potential in the seeds also occurred gradual reduction in the values of: germination; emergence speed index; seedling stand; and length and dry mass of aerial parts and roots. These results show the importance of initial inoculum potential of S. sclerotiorum present in common bean seeds, as much in disseminating the pathogen as on direct damages caused in field by reducing productive potential of the emerged plants.

scholarly journals Biological control of white mold by Trichoderma harzianum in common bean under field conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 1220-1224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Diego Costa Carvalho ◽  
Alaerson Maia Geraldine ◽  
Murillo Lobo Junior ◽  
Sueli Corrêa Marques de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Control Treatment

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate Trichoderma harzianum isolates for biological control of white mold in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Five isolates were evaluated for biocontrol of white mold in 'Perola' common bean under field conditions, in the 2009 and 2010 crop seasons. A commercial isolate (1306) and a control treatment were included. Foliar applications at 2x109 conidia mL-1 were performed at 42 and 52 days after sowing (DAS), in 2009, and at 52 DAS in 2010. The CEN287, CEN316, and 1306 isolates decreased the number of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum apothecia per square meter in comparison to the control, in both crop seasons. CEN287, CEN316, and 1306 decreased white mold severity during the experimental period, when compared to the control.

scholarly journals Similar Aggressiveness of Phenotypically and Genotypically Distinct Isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Lehner ◽  
R. C. Lima ◽  
J. E. S. Carneiro ◽  
T. J. Paula Júnior ◽  
R. F. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
High Variability ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Inoculation Methods ◽  
Mycelial Compatibility ◽  
Ssr Loci

Understanding how Sclerotinia sclerotiorum aggressiveness varies among isolates may be useful for breeding programs aimed at developing common bean cultivars resistant to white mold. The aggressiveness of 20 S. sclerotiorum isolates collected in common bean fields from four Brazilian states was tested against two common bean genotypes (Pérola and A195) using two inoculation methods. The isolates were characterized using 10 microsatellite (SSR) loci, mycelial compatibility groups (MCGs), partial sequences of the oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase (OAH) gene, and morphological traits. Twenty SSR and seven OAH haplotypes, 10 MCGs, and high variability in colony morphology were found. One isolate was more aggressive when inoculated on plants of the genotype A195, but all other isolates had similar aggressiveness. Aggressiveness was not related with MCGs, SSR, OAH haplotypes, mycelial pigmentation, growth rate, or sclerotia production.

scholarly journals Screening Common Bean for Resistance to Four Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Isolates Collected in Northern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
pp. 885-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Pascual ◽  
Ana Campa ◽  
Elena Pérez-Vega ◽  
Ramón Giraldez ◽  
Phillip N. Miklas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
The Core ◽  
Field Reaction ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Serious Disease

White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious disease in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) causing significant yield loss. Few cultivars with high levels of physiological resistance to white mold have been described in common bean. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine variation in aggressiveness for the local S. sclerotiorum isolates and (ii) identify sources of resistance against local isolates using the greenhouse straw test. The evaluated materials included 199 accessions of a core collection established from the main bean gene bank in Spain and 29 known cultivars or lines, 5 of them described as resistant sources to white mold: G122, PC50, A195, Cornell 606, and MO162. Significant differences for aggressiveness among the four S. sclerotiorum isolates were detected. Generally, isolates 1 and 3 were more aggressive than isolates 2 and 4. In all, 19 genotypes exhibited a level of resistance equal to or significantly better than G122: 11 accessions from the core collection and 8 cultivars or lines from known materials, including the lines A195 and Cornell 606. To confirm resistance, 19 selected genotypes were tested using a more severe straw test with reactions evaluated 21 days after inoculation. Fifteen genotypes exhibited significantly less susceptibility than G122: eight accessions from the core collection and the known cultivars or lines AB136, Kaboon, BRB57, BRB130, Don Timoteo, and A195. The logical next step will be to evaluate the best genotypes for field reaction to white mold and conduct inheritance studies.

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