scholarly journals Drought has negative consequences on aphid fitness and plant vigor: Insights from a meta‐analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Leybourne ◽  
Katharine F. Preedy ◽  
Tracy A. Valentine ◽  
Jorunn I. B. Bos ◽  
Alison J. Karley
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Plant Vigor

Predicting behavioral intentions to prevent or mitigate COVID-19: A meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Fischer ◽  
Johannes Alfons Karl
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Moderator Effects ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Strength Of Association

We examined the effectiveness of attitudes, social norms and perceived behavioral control on behavioral intentions and behaviors that prevent and mitigate COVID-19 infections and collateral negative consequences. We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis with 29 effect sizes from 19 studies involving data from 11 countries (N = 15,328). We found strongest effects for perceived behavioral control, but also moderately strong effects of social norms. This is practically important in a pandemic environment because social norms in other health contexts typically show negligible effects and advice based on non-pandemic contexts may be misguided. Examining moderator effects, we are the first to demonstrate that in contexts with strong endorsement of social norms, norm-behavior effects were strengthened. Focusing on societal level differences, both wealth and individualism increased the strength of association between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intentions. We discuss the practical and theoretical implications of the findings for behavior change and public health interventions.

Validation of a French Translation of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, Invariance Across Genders, and Association With Depression, Trauma Symptoms, and Substance Use Among University Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yann Le Corff ◽  
Alexa Martin-Storey ◽  
Luc Touchette ◽  
Mélanie Lapalme ◽  
Karine Forget
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
University Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
French Translation ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Trauma Symptoms

The present study investigated psychometric properties of a French translation of the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD; Zanarini et al., 2003) in a large sample of university students (N = 1,350). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the single-factor structure of the MSI-BPD, and its configural, metric and scalar invariance across gender was established. Internal consistency was high (tetrachoric α = .88; Ω = .88). MSI-BPD scores were significantly correlated to depressive symptoms (r = .57), trauma symptoms (r = .40), negative consequences of substance use (r = .25), and frequency of drug use (r = .11). Finally, 9.5% of the sample reached the clinical cutoff, which is similar to the pooled prevalence for BPD reported in a recent meta-analysis of university students. The present study showed that the French translation of the MSI-BPD is a psychometrically sound screening tool for BPD in both men and women.

A meta-analysis of poststroke depression risk factors comparing depressive-related factors versus others

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1331-1344
Author(s):  
Rebecca Perrain ◽  
Lila Mekaoui ◽  
David Calvet ◽  
Jean-Louis Mas ◽  
Philip Gorwood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Poststroke Depression ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depressive Episodes

ABSTRACTObjectives:Poststroke depression (PSD) is a public health issue, affecting one-third of stroke survivors, and is associated with multiple negative consequences. Reviews tried to identify PSD risk factors with discrepant results, highlighting the lack of comparability of the analyzed studies. We carried out a meta-analysis in order to identify clinical risk factors that can predict PSD.Design:PubMed and Web of Science were searched for papers. Only papers with a strictly defined Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders depression assessment, at least 2 weeks after stroke, were selected. Two authors independently evaluated potentially eligible studies that were identified by our search and independently extracted data using standardized spreadsheets. Analyses were performed using MetaWin®, the role of each variable being given as a risk ratio (RR).Results:Eighteen studies were included in the meta-analysis. Identified risk factors for PSD with RR significantly above 1 were previous history of depression (RR 2.19, confidence interval (CI) 1.52–3.15), disability (RR 2.00, CI 1.58–2.52), previous history of stroke (RR 1.68, CI 1.06–2.66), aphasia (RR 1.47, CI 1.13–1.91), and female gender (RR 1.35, CI 1.14–1.61). Fixed effects model leads to identification of two more risk factors: early depressive symptoms with an RR of 2.32 (CI 1.43–3.79) and tobacco consumption (RR 1.40, CI 1.09–1.81). Time bias was found for alcohol consumption. Sample size was significantly involved to explain the role of “alcohol consumption” and “cognitive impairment.”Conclusion:Five items were significantly predictive of PSD. It might be of clinical interest that depressive-related risk factors (such as past depressive episodes) were having the largest impact.

College Students’ Perceptions of Gender-Inclusive Language Use Predict Attitudes Toward Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Patev ◽  
Chelsie E. Dunn ◽  
Kristina B. Hood ◽  
Jessica M. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Inclusive Language ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Biased Language ◽  
Linear Regressions

Transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) individuals face negative consequences linked to prejudice, including homelessness and violence. One medium that perpetuates prejudice toward TGNC individuals is our choice in language. Biased language is related to prejudiced attitudes. Use of gender-inclusive language, however, promotes gender equality. Previous research has examined gender-inclusive language use regarding cisgender men and women, but little work has focused on gender-inclusive language use regarding TGNC individuals. Two studies explored the connections between attitudes toward transgender individuals and perceptions of TGNC-inclusive language. Three hierarchical linear regressions and a mini meta-analysis were conducted. Results suggest that people with negative attitudes toward transgender individuals perceive greater difficulty in using gender-inclusive language. These findings suggest that inclusive language use may be indicative of more positive attitudes.

scholarly journals Informal employment and poor self-perceived health in Latin America and the Caribbean: a gender-based comparison between countries and welfare states in a pooled analysis of 176,786 workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Utzet ◽  
Ferran Botías ◽  
Michael Silva-Peñaherrera ◽  
Aurelio Tobías ◽  
Fernando G. Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Informal Workers

Abstract Background More than half of the working population in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries is engaged in informal employment. The few previous studies indicate that this employment condition could have negative consequences for workers’ health. The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between self-perceived health and informality in LAC countries according to gender and welfare state type. Methods The cross-sectional study based on different working conditions and health national surveys was carried out in 13 LAC countries between 2012 and 2018. A sample of 176,786 workers was selected from these surveys. The association between health and informality was estimated using Poisson regression. Finally, a random effects meta-analysis was carried out by country. All results were stratified by sex and type of welfare state (statalist or familialist). Results Informal workers reported significantly worse health than formal workers, for both women (1.28 [95% CI 1.14-1.43]) and men (1.30 [1.12-1.50]). This difference was broader and more significant in countries with statalist welfare state regimes, among both women (1.40 [1.22-1.60]) and men (1.51 [1.30-1.74]), than in familialist regime countries (1.19 [1.03-1.38] and 1.24 [1.03-1.49], respectively). Conclusions This study provides strong evidence of the association between informal employment and worker health. Welfare states appear to have a modifying effect on this association. The transition from the informal to the formal labour market in LAC is essential to improving the health of the population.

scholarly journals Effects of interventions for social anxiety and shyness in school-aged children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254117
Author(s):  
Reinie Cordier ◽  
Renée Speyer ◽  
Natasha Mahoney ◽  
Anne Arnesen ◽  
Liv Heidi Mjelve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
School Based ◽  
Psychosocial Difficulties

In school, shyness is associated with psychosocial difficulties and has negative impacts on children’s academic performance and wellbeing. Even though there are different strategies and interventions to help children deal with shyness, there is currently no comprehensive systematic review of available interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to identify interventions for shy children and to evaluate the effectiveness in reducing psychosocial difficulties and other impacts. The methodology and reporting were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and checklist. A total of 4,864 studies were identified and 25 of these met the inclusion criteria. These studies employed interventions that were directed at school-aged children between six and twelve years of age and described both pre- and post-intervention measurement in target populations of at least five children. Most studies included an intervention undertaken in a school setting. The meta-analysis revealed interventions showing a large effect in reducing negative consequences of shyness, which is consistent with extant literature regarding shyness in school, suggesting school-age as an ideal developmental stage to target shyness. None of the interventions were delivered in a classroom setting, limiting the ability to make comparisons between in-class interventions and those delivered outside the classroom, but highlighting the effectiveness of interventions outside the classroom. The interventions were often conducted in group sessions, based at the school, and involved activities such as play, modelling and reinforcement and clinical methods such as social skills training, psychoeducation, and exposure. Traditionally, such methods have been confined to a clinic setting. The results of the current study show that, when such methods are used in a school-based setting and involve peers, the results can be effective in reducing negative effects of shyness. This is consistent with recommendations that interventions be age-appropriate, consider social development and utilise wide, school-based programs that address all students.

scholarly journals Characteristics of sleep-conducive music: A narrative evidence review

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-437
Author(s):  
Yuluan Wang ◽  
Annette Rivard ◽  
Christine Guptill ◽  
Carol Boliek ◽  
Cary Brown
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Evidence Review ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Sleep deficiency (SD) is a prevalent problem and has serious negative consequences for physical, cognitive, and psychological well-being. The use of music as a non-pharmacological sleep intervention has been proposed in several studies. A 2014 meta-analysis of 10 randomized trials evaluating the impact of music on sleep concluded that it can decrease sleep onset delay (latency) and sleep disturbances, increases sleep duration, and improves daytime dysfunction.  It appears that, to-date, evidence-based guidelines for the selection and/or production of sleep-promoting music do not exist.  This review addresses that gap and synthesizes available literature towards the goal of developing guidelines grounded in the evidence-based characteristics of sleep conducive music. Design and Results: A narrative review of research papers relevant to the topic identified evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music related to tempo, rhythm, pitch, volume, and duration. Conclusion: This identification and compilation of evidence-based characteristics of sleep-conducive music can underpin future research that targets development and testing of specific music to promote sleep.  

A systematic review of augmented reality tourism research: What is now and what is next?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Lena Jingen Liang ◽  
Statia Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use

The application of augmented reality in tourism is flourishing and promising, bringing an emerging body of studies. While virtual reality might be a virtual threat to the travel and tourism as being a potential substitute, augmented reality allows users to interact with the real environment that could potentially enhance visitors’ experience. Distinguishing from reviews that combine studies of augmented reality and virtual reality, this study systematically investigates the current state of augmented reality research exclusively in the tourism literature. The results identify five established and emerging research clusters, with one predominant cluster that focuses on user acceptance of augmented reality, commonly applying the technology acceptance model. A meta-analysis of a subset of four empirical studies reveals that perceived ease of use has an overall influence of 52.79% on perceived usefulness. Lastly, a concept map visually presents the constructs that have been explored across the clusters. Based on our review, future research directions are proposed to advance knowledge in the emerging area of gamification, to explore the potential negative consequences of augmented reality, and to apply more innovative methods and study designs.

Intergenerational Effect of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment on Next Generation’s Vulnerability to Psychopathology: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 152483802093387
Author(s):  
Yingying Su ◽  
Carl D’Arcy ◽  
Xiangfei Meng
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Intergenerational Effect

Many studies have identified the multiple negative consequences of childhood maltreatment on subsequent mental health. However, research on the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment has not been systematically synthesized. This meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative estimate of the intergenerational effect of maternal childhood maltreatment on their offspring’s psychopathology. Electronic databases and gray literature were searched for English-language prospective cohort studies. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This review only included those studies with (1) maternal childhood maltreatment occurring prior to 18 years of age, (2) using a clear and reliable assessment for maltreatment exposure and offspring’s mental health problems prior to age 18. Random-effect models were used to calculate the pooled effect size of maternal childhood maltreatment on offspring’s psychopathology, and meta-regression was used to explore potential confounders. Twelve studies met eligibility criteria. Significant heterogeneity was found across selected studies. Maternal childhood maltreatment was found to have a small but significant effect on the offspring’s depression and internalizing behaviors ( r = .14, 95% confidence interval [.09, .19]). Two moderators were found, maternal depression and ethnicity. Maternal depression reduced the effect size of maternal maltreatment on offspring’s depression and internalizing disorders. The offspring of non-Caucasian mothers who had a history of childhood maltreatment faced a higher risk of mental health problems. There was no evidence of publication bias. This review provides robust evidence to reinforce the need for policies to reduce its occurrence, as it can influence not just one but two or possibly more generations.

scholarly journals Sleep Quality among Police Officers: Implications and Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Garbarino ◽  
Ottavia Guglielmi ◽  
Matteo Puntoni ◽  
Nicola Bragazzi ◽  
Nicola Magnavita
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Police Forces

Poor sleep is associated with bad health outcomes, worse wellbeing and decreases in performance, productivity and safety at work. Police officers are exposed to several risk factors including extended work schedules, shift work, occupational stress, dangerous and traumatic events and can, as such, develop sleep problems. The aim of the present study was to analyze the sleep quality among police officers. A systematic literature search, in PubMed/MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Scopus, ISI/Web of Science (WoS) and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Original articles, published in English, French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese, the primary objective of which was the evaluation of the quality of sleep through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in Police Forces, were selected. From an initial sample of 1,149 studies, 13 articles were included in the meta-analysis (3,722 police officers). The pooled prevalence of bad sleep quality in police officers was 51% [95%CI 42–60%]. The pooled global score of the PSQI was 5.6 [95%CI 5.0–6.3], corresponding to a low average quality. At the meta-regressions, statistically significant associations could be found for work seniority (in terms of years of service) and being on shift. The poor quality of sleep in police officers could have negative consequences for workers’ health and for the safety of third parts. The implementation of health and sleep hygiene promotion programs in police forces is strongly recommended.

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