Omic analyses unravels global molecular changes in the brain and liver of a rat model for chronic Sake (Japanese alcoholic beverage) intake

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinori Masuo ◽  
Tsunehiko Imai ◽  
Junko Shibato ◽  
Misato Hirano ◽  
Oliver A. H. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Molecular Changes ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Ulinastatin alleviates traumatic brain injury by reducing endothelin-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Xing-Zhi Liao ◽  
Mai-Tao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Brain Edema ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Brain Water Content ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Water

Abstract Background Brain edema is one of the major causes of fatality and disability associated with injury and neurosurgical procedures. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI), a protease inhibitor, on astrocytes in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methodology A rat model of TBI was established. Animals were randomly divided into 2 groups – one group was treated with normal saline and the second group was treated with UTI (50,000 U/kg). The brain water content and permeability of the blood–brain barrier were assessed in the two groups along with a sham group (no TBI). Expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, endthelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) were measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Effect of UTI on ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was measured by western blot. Results UTI significantly decreased the brain water content and extravasation of the Evans blue dye. This attenuation was associated with decreased activation of the astrocytes and ET-1. UTI treatment decreased ERK and Akt activation and inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory VEGF and MMP-9. Conclusion UTI can alleviate brain edema resulting from TBI by inhibiting astrocyte activation and ET-1 production.

scholarly journals Failure of the Brain Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Mediated Control of Intestinal Redox Homeostasis in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Jan Homolak ◽  
Ana Babic Perhoc ◽  
Ana Knezovic ◽  
Jelena Osmanovic Barilar ◽  
Melita Salkovic-Petrisic
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
The Brain

The gastrointestinal system may be involved in the etiopathogenesis of the insulin-resistant brain state (IRBS) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Gastrointestinal hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is being explored as a potential therapy as activation of brain GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) exerts neuroprotection and controls peripheral metabolism. Intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin (STZ-icv) is used to model IRBS and GLP-1 dyshomeostasis seems to be involved in the development of neuropathological changes. The aim was to explore (i) gastrointestinal homeostasis in the STZ-icv model (ii) assess whether the brain GLP-1 is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal redox homeostasis and (iii) analyze whether brain-gut GLP-1 axis is functional in the STZ-icv animals. Acute intracerebroventricular treatment with exendin-3(9-39)amide was used for pharmacological inhibition of brain GLP-1R in the control and STZ-icv rats, and oxidative stress was assessed in plasma, duodenum and ileum. Acute inhibition of brain GLP-1R increased plasma oxidative stress. TBARS were increased, and low molecular weight thiols (LMWT), protein sulfhydryls (SH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased in the duodenum, but not in the ileum of the controls. In the STZ-icv, TBARS and CAT were increased, LMWT and SH were decreased at baseline, and no further increment of oxidative stress was observed upon central GLP-1R inhibition. The presented results indicate that (i) oxidative stress is increased in the duodenum of the STZ-icv rat model of AD, (ii) brain GLP-1R signaling is involved in systemic redox regulation, (iii) brain-gut GLP-1 axis regulates duodenal, but not ileal redox homeostasis, and iv) brain-gut GLP-1 axis is dysfunctional in the STZ-icv model.

scholarly journals Inhibition of microRNA-29c protects the brain in a rat model of prolonged hypothermic circulatory arrest

2015 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-684.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongchao Wang ◽  
Tianxiang Gu ◽  
Enyi Shi ◽  
Lei Yu ◽  
Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Circulatory Arrest ◽  
Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Volumetric abnormalities of the brain in a rat model of recurrent headache

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 174480691875646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Jia ◽  
Wenjing Tang ◽  
Dengfa Zhao ◽  
Guanqun Hu ◽  
Ruisheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Recurrent Headache ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Effect of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaf aqueous extract on the brain of an alloxan-induced rat model of diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 030006052092264
Author(s):  
Mary A. Okesola ◽  
Basiru O. Ajiboye ◽  
Babatunji E. Oyinloye ◽  
Olukemi A. Osukoya ◽  
Ofogho S. Owero-ozeze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Leaf Aqueous Extract ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Control Diabetes

Objective This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of aqueous extract of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaf in the brain of an alloxan-induced rat model of diabetes. Methods The experimental model of diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared alloxan. Rats were then divided into six groups: normal control, diabetes control, diabetes group treated with metformin, and three diabetes groups treated with different concentrations of S. macrocarpon. Rats were sacrificed on day 14 of the experiment and different brain biochemical parameters were assessed and compared between groups. Results Administration of different doses of S. macrocarpon leaf aqueous extract was associated with significantly reduced levels of fasting blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, neurotransmitters, cholinesterases, cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide compared with diabetes control rats. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased in diabetes rats administered 12.45, 24.9 and 49.8 mg/kg body weight of S. macrocarpon versus diabetes control rats. Conclusion Aqueous extract of S. macrocarpon Linn leaf may be useful in the management of diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Altered angiotensin-converting enzyme and its effects on the brain in a rat model of Alzheimer disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 121 (22) ◽  
pp. 2320-2323 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-ren HOU ◽  
Yan WANG ◽  
Lin ZHOU ◽  
Kun CHEN ◽  
Yi TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacies of Antibiotics in a Rat Model of Meningoencephalitis Due to Listeria monocytogenes

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1651-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Michelet ◽  
Stephen L. Leib ◽  
Daniele Bentue-Ferrer ◽  
Martin G. Täuber
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The antibacterial activities of amoxicillin-gentamicin, trovafloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and the combination of trovafloxacin with TMP-SMX were compared in a model of meningoencephalitis due to Listeria monocytogenes in infant rats. At 22 h after intracisternal infection, the cerebrospinal fluid was cultured to document meningitis, and the treatment was started. Treatment was instituted for 48 h, and efficacy was evaluated 24 h after administration of the last dose. All tested treatment regimens exhibited significant activities in brain, liver, and blood compared to infected rats receiving saline (P < 0.001). In the brain, amoxicillin plus gentamicin was more active than all of the other regimens, and trovafloxacin was more active than TMP-SMX (bacterial titers of 4.1 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/ml for amoxicillin-gentamicin, 5.0 ± 0.4 log10 CFU/ml for trovafloxacin, and 5.8 ± 0.5 log10 CFU/ml for TMP-SMX;P < 0.05). In liver, amoxicillin-gentamicin and trovafloxacin were similarly active (2.8 ± 0.8 and 2.7 ± 0.8 log10 CFU/ml, respectively) but more active than TMP-SMX (4.4 ± 0.6 log10 CFU/ml; P< 0.05). The combination of trovafloxacin with TMP-SMX did not alter the antibacterial effect in the brain, but it did reduce the effect of trovafloxacin in the liver. Amoxicillin-gentamicin was the most active therapy in this study, but the activity of trovafloxacin suggests that further studies with this drug for the treatment ofListeria infections may be warranted.

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