Using opportunistic datasets to infer spatial management strategies of local fisheries in the U.S. Caribbean region

In the 1970s, the U.S. Congress authorized and funded a five-year demonstration program on low-cost methods for shore protection called the “U.S. Army Engineers Shoreline Erosion Control Demonstration (Section 54) Program.” The Section 54 also known as the “Low-Cost Shore Protection” demonstration program is revisited. Demonstration and monitoring sites including the materials, devices, vegetative plantings, approaches tested, and program findings are discussed. Simply put, a major finding of the Section 54 program was that the concept of “low-cost shore protection” was a bit naïve. However, the program did lead to a wealth of public information documents and practical coastal engineering lessons that are still resonating as home owners, communities, and engineers consider alternative approaches for managing coastal erosion. The program structure and findings are applicable 40 years later as consideration is given toward the use of Natural and Nature-based Features (NNBF) for addressing coastal erosion. Evolution in thought relative to coastal erosion and shoreline enhancement activities since the 1970s has built upon many of the lessons and concepts of the Section 54 program and other real-world coastal erosion management success-failure experiences. This growth has led to a modern appreciation that those features that emulate NNBF are promising and responsible alternative coastal erosion management strategies if proper engineering standard elements of design are included in the project.

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How Effective Are Existing Phosphorus Management Strategies in Mitigating Surface Water Quality Problems in the U.S.?

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6565

Author(s):

Shama E. Haque

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Land Application ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Phosphorus Recovery ◽

Water Bodies ◽

The Past ◽

The U.S

Phosphorus is an essential component of modern agriculture. Long-term land application of phosphorous-enriched fertilizers and animal manure leads to phosphorus accumulation in soil that may become susceptible to mobilization via erosion, surface runoff and subsurface leaching. Globally, highly water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers used in agriculture have contributed to eutrophication and hypoxia in surface waters. This paper provides an overview of the literature relevant to the advances in phosphorous management strategies and surface water quality problems in the U.S. Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made to control phosphorus discharge into surface water bodies of the U.S. However, the current use of phosphorus remains inefficient at various stages of its life cycle, and phosphorus continues to remain a widespread problem in many water bodies, including the Gulf of Mexico and Lake Erie. In particular, the Midwestern Corn Belt region of the U.S. is a hotspot of phosphorous fertilization that has resulted in a net positive soil phosphorous balance. The runoff of phosphorous has resulted in dense blooms of toxic, odor-causing phytoplankton that deteriorate water quality. In the past, considerable attention was focused on improving the water quality of freshwater bodies and estuaries by reducing inputs of phosphorus alone. However, new research suggests that strategies controlling the two main nutrients, phosphorus and nitrogen, are more effective in the management of eutrophication. There is no specific solution to solving phosphorus pollution of water resources; however, sustainable management of phosphorus requires an integrated approach combining at least a reduction in consumption levels, source management, more specific regime-based nutrient criteria, routine soil fertility evaluation and recommendations, transport management, as well as the development of extensive phosphorus recovery and recycling programs.

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The Caribbean and its Linkages with the World

IMF Working Papers ◽

10.5089/9781498326766.001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (256) ◽

Author(s):

Mauricio Vargas ◽

Daniela Hess

Keyword(s):

Global Economy ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Financial Variables ◽

The World ◽

Trading Partners ◽

Global Var ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Using Data ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

Using data from 1980-2017, this paper estimates a Global VAR (GVAR) model taylored for the Caribbean region which includes its major trading partners, representing altogether around 60 percent of the global economy. We provide stilyzed facts of the main interrelations between the Caribbean region and the rest of the world, and then we quantify the impact of external shocks on Caribbean countries through the application of two case studies: i) a change in the international price of oil, and ii) an increase in the U.S. GDP. We confirmed that Caribbean countries are highly exposed to external factors, and that a fall in oil prices and an increase in the U.S. GDP have a positive and large impact on most of them after controlling for financial variables, exchange rate fluctuations and overall price changes. The results from the model help to disentangle effects from various channels that interact at the same time, such as flows of tourists, trade of goods, and changes in economic conditions in the largest economies of the globe.

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Screening of Existing and New Boxwood Cultivars for Disease Resistance and In Vitro Fungicide Screening to Manage Boxwood Dieback Caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-03-21-0070-rs ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Harleen Kaur ◽

Monique DeSouza ◽

Raghuwinder "Raj" Singh

Keyword(s):

Active Ingredient ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Mycelial Growth ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Host Susceptibility ◽

Germination Inhibition ◽

Industry Professionals ◽

The U.S

Boxwood is one of the most common and widely planted perennial ornamentals in both home gardens and commercial landscapes. Recently reported boxwood dieback, a fungal disease caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola, has been spreading at an alarming rate within the U.S. Boxwood breeders, nursery growers, and landscape professionals have shown great concerns regarding the lack of effective management practices. Therefore, the primary objectives of this study were to devise effective disease management strategies including screening cultivars to determine their susceptibility to boxwood dieback and screening various fungicides to determine their effectiveness in managing the disease. Host range studies were conducted by screening a wide variety of boxwood cultivars under greenhouse conditions. Although, boxwood cultivar ‘Little Missy’ showed much delayed symptom expression as compared to rest of the cultivars but none of the 11 cultivars were found to be resistance to boxwood dieback. In vitro screening of nine fungicides was conducted to determine mycelial growth as well as spore germination inhibition of eight isolates of C. theobromicola collected from eight states in the U.S. Of the nine fungicides, difenoconazole+pydiflumetofen showed maximum mycelial growth and spore germination inhibition at 1 ppm active ingredient followed by fluxapyroxad+pyraclostrobin, and pyraclostrobin+boscalid at 5 ppm active ingredient. Azoxystrobin+benzovindiflupyr significantly inhibited mycelial growth at 1 ppm but reduced spore germination at 10 ppm active ingredient. This study provides the boxwood industry professionals with critical and applied information pertaining to host susceptibility and fungicide efficacy to effectively mitigate boxwood dieback and to reduce its further spread.

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First Report of Phytophthora Fruit Rot on Bitter Gourd (Mormodica charantia) and Sponge Gourd (Luffa cylindrica) Caused by Phytophthora capsici

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-br-15-0005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 93-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽

Camilo Parada ◽

Lina Quesada-Ocampo

Keyword(s):

Phytophthora Capsici ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Small Scale ◽

Molecular Tools ◽

Luffa Cylindrica ◽

Sponge Gourd ◽

Luffa Sponge ◽

The U.S

Luffa sponge (smooth gourd) and bitter gourds (bitter melon) are specialty vegetables grown in the U.S. on a small scale for select markets. Luffa gourds are also grown for sponges. In Sept. 2014, heavy rainfall resulted in rot of >50% of bitter gourd and >25% on sponge gourd in a field in Charleston, SC. The microbe causing the fruit rot was identified using microscopy and molecular tools. Prior to this study it was not known if this microbe could cause fruit rot of bitter gourd. This knowledge will be useful to suggest management strategies. Accepted for publication 17 March 2015. Published 6 May 2015.

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Evaluating HR Management Strategies for Recruiting and Retaining IT Professionals in the U.S. Federal Government

Public Personnel Management ◽

10.1177/009102600903800202 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 19-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sharon H. Mastracci

Keyword(s):

Federal Government ◽

Management Strategies ◽

It Professionals ◽

Hr Management ◽

The U.S

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Considering Commercial Vessels as Potential Vectors of Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease

Frontiers in Marine Science ◽

10.3389/fmars.2021.709764 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Rosenau ◽

Sarah Gignoux-Wolfsohn ◽

Richard A. Everett ◽

A. Whitman Miller ◽

Mark S. Minton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ballast Water ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Tissue Loss ◽

Coral Tissue ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Future Research ◽

Ship Traffic ◽

Marine Invasion ◽

Stony Coral ◽

Resource Managers

Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a troubling new disease that is spreading rapidly across the greater Caribbean region, but the etiological agent(s) and the mechanisms(s) of spread are both unknown. First detected off the coast of Miami, Florida, major ocean currents alone do not explain the pattern of spread, with outbreaks occurring across geographically disjunct and distant locations. This has raised concerns by researchers and resource managers that commercial vessels may contribute as vectors to spread of the disease. Despite existing regulatory and management strategies intended to limit coastal marine invasion risks, the efficacy of these measures is still unresolved for ship-borne microorganisms, and disease transport via ballast water and hull biofouling are under examination given the high ship traffic in the region. Here, to help inform the discussion of ships as possible vectors of SCTLD, we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge about ships and their potential to transfer organisms in the greater Caribbean, focusing in particular on ballast water, and outline a set of recommendations for future research.

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Redbay Ambrosia Beetle-Laurel Wilt Pathogen: A Potential Major Problem for the Florida Avocado Industry

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-hs379-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan H. Crane ◽

Jorge E. Peña ◽

J. L. Osborne

Keyword(s):

Woody Plants ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Plant Host ◽

Laurel Wilt ◽

Redbay Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Plant Hosts ◽

The U.S

HS1136, a 7-page illustrated factsheet by Jonathan H. Crane, Jorge Peña, and J.L. Osborne, describes this insect-fungal pest attacking woody plants in the laurel family, including avocado. Includes descriptions, origin, detection and spread of the pest, plant hosts in the U.S., a map of counties with the beetle, plant host symptoms and damage, management strategies & restrictions, agencies working on the issue, research and extension efforts, and references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, February 2008. Revised December 2008.

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THE USE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN CRISIS COMMUNICATION – A VIETNAM – U.S. COMPARISON. [PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM KRISIS KOMUNIKASI- VIETNAM - PERBANDINGAN AS]

DeReMa (Development Research of Management) Jurnal Manajemen ◽

10.19166/derema.v15i2.2342 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Tuong-Minh Ly-Le

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Public Relations ◽

Crisis Communication ◽

Role Model ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Public Relations Practitioners ◽

Perceived Importance ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

The U.S ◽

Bahasa Indonesia

In Vietnam, social media has become an emerging and popular communication platform. Despite the powerful effect of social media in conditioning a crisis, and the trend to integrate social media into crisis management strategies in many countries, Vietnamese companies have often ignored or underutilized these channels. Therefore, this study seeks to fill the gap, to understand how Vietnamese companies perceive the importance and use of social media in crisis communication. The focus of this study is to compare the perceptions of Vietnamese and American public relations practitioners. As America has always been considered a role model and primary influencer for Vietnam’s public relations practice, this study compares the perception of social media in Vietnam to that in the U.S. This study aims to understand the underlying factors contributed to that perception and to evaluate the perceived importance of social media in Vietnam’s crisis communication.Abstrak dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Di Vietnam, media sosial telah menjadi platform komunikasi yang berkembang dan populer. Terlepas dari pengaruh kuat media sosial dalam mengkondisikan krisis, dan tren untuk mengintegrasikan media sosial ke dalam strategi manajemen krisis di banyak negara, perusahaan Vietnam sering mengabaikan atau kurang memanfaatkan saluran ini. Oleh karena itu, studi ini betujuan untuk mencari tahu perihal permasalahan tersebut, untuk memahami bagaimana perusahaan Vietnam memandang pentingnya dan penggunaan media sosial dalam komunikasi krisis. Fokus studi ini adalah membandingkan persepsi praktis dari public relations di Vietnam dan Amerika. Karena Amerika selalu dianggap sebagai panutan dan pemberi pengaruh utama untuk praktik PR di Vietnam, penelitian ini membandingkan persepsi media sosial di Vietnam dengan di AS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami faktor-faktor mendasar yang berkontribusi terhadap persepsi tersebut dan untuk mengevaluasi pentingnya persepsi media sosial dalam komunikasi krisis Vietnam.

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Capacidad de infección de hongos asociados a la pudrición seca de los tubérculos de ñame

Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas - Journal of High Andean Research ◽

10.18271/ria.2021.305 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

Diana Beatriz Sánchez-López ◽

◽

Lily Lorena Luna-Castellanos ◽

Manuel Ramón Espinosa-Carvajal ◽

Dairo Javier Pérez-Polo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Genetic Material ◽

Caribbean Region ◽

Dioscorea Rotundata ◽

Dry Rot ◽

Fusarium Equiseti ◽

Causative Agents ◽

The Caribbean ◽

Production Losses

Dry rot of tubers is one of the most devastating diseases in yam production (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The disease attacks tubers, causing production losses during cultivation. In previous experiments, 11 fungal morphotypes were isolated and associated with this disease in yam crops in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The present investigation was carried out under greenhouse conditions to determine the infection capacity of these 11 possible causative agents, in 150-day-old plants of two yam genetic materials (0307-49SB y 0307-50CB). The results indicated that morphotypes DH2 (Lasiodiplodia theobromae), DH11 (Curvularia aeria), DH20 (Aspergillus niger), and DH17 (Fusarium equiseti), showed the highest infection capacity to yam tubers, regardless of the genetic material. Therefore, they were considered as the main causal agents of the disease in the Caribbean region of Colombia. The remaining seven (7) morphotypes, despite having been inoculated in the roots of the plants, showed minor effects on tubers and affected other organs of the plant, especially stems and aerial part of yam plant. This study allows concentrating the research on these four morphotypes to develop crop management strategies that might allow reducing the incidence of this disease in the Caribbean region of Colombia.

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