A longitudinal study of the relationship between personality traits and the annual rate of volume changes in regional gray matter in healthy adults

The tendency to lie is a part of personality. But are personality traits the only factors that make some people lie more often than others? We propose that cognitive abilities have equal importance. People with higher cognitive abilities are better, and thus more effective liars. This might reinforce using lies to solve problems. Yet, there is no empirical research that shows this relationship in healthy adults. Here we present three studies in which the participants had free choice about their honesty. We related differences in cognitive abilities and personality to the odds of lying. Results show that personality and intelligence are both important. People low on agreeableness and intelligent extroverts are most likely to lie. This suggests that intelligence might mediate the relationship between personality traits and lying frequency. While personality traits set general behavioral tendencies, intelligence and environment set boundaries.

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The Relationship Between Gray Matter Morphometry and Neuropsychological Performance in a Large Sample of Cognitively Healthy Adults

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-007-9000-5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1-2) ◽

pp. 3-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Lisa M. Newman ◽

Mehul A. Trivedi ◽

Barbara B. Bendlin ◽

Michele L. Ries ◽

Sterling C. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Neuropsychological Performance ◽

Large Sample ◽

The Relationship

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0082 Hippocampal Gray Matter Volume in Healthy Adult Population is Associated with Habitual Sleep Duration

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A33-A34

Author(s):

R King ◽

D Jecmen ◽

A Alkozei ◽

A C Raikes ◽

M A Grandner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Sleep Time ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Intracranial Volume ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Left Hippocampus ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction The hippocampus is well known for its role in sleep and memory consolidation in adolescents, and has been shown to demonstrate neural plasticity and neuronal regeneration. However, the relationship between sleep and hippocampal gray matter volume in healthy adults remains to be fully characterized. We hypothesized that total sleep time (TST), as measured by actigraphy, would correlate positively with gray matter volume (GMV) in the hippocampus, a key memory region of the brain. Methods Forty-five healthy normal sleeping adults between 20–45 years of age wore an actigraph for seven days to quantify habitual sleep duration and underwent magnetic resonance imaging during the actigraphy period. Voxel based morphometry in SPM12 was used to estimate GMV at the whole brain level. A region-of-interest mask was used to constrain data analysis to the left and right hippocampi. Results Habitual sleep duration per night correlated positively with gray matter volume within part of the left hippocampus (x=-36,y=-20,z=-18; k=32, pFWE-corr=0.093), controlling for age, sex, total intracranial volume, intelligence scores and mood. No correlation was found between TST and hippocampal GMV in the right hippocampus. Conclusion Longer sleep time was associated with greater gray matter volume in the left hippocampus. This finding is consistent with what has been observed in healthy children and extend these findings to healthy normal sleeping adults. While TST and GMV are correlated, the causal association cannot be established here. Further research may explore the effects of sleep extension on GMV and how these volume differences associate with various aspects of cognition, particularly memory. It should be noted that this study only included healthy adults with sleep durations between 6–9 hours per night. Future studies would benefit from including adults with a greater variance in their sleep patterns to better understand the relationship between sleep and hippocampal volume, and its potential effects on memory performance. Support Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Young Faculty Award: DARPA-12-12-11-YFA11-FP-029

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De‐investment in work and non‐normative personality trait change in young adulthood

European Journal of Personality ◽

10.1002/per.607 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 461-474 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Brent W. Roberts ◽

Kate Walton ◽

Tim Bogg ◽

Avshalom Caspi

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Negative Emotionality ◽

Work Place ◽

Counterproductive Work Behaviours ◽

The Relationship

The present study investigated the relationship between experiences of de‐investment in work and change in personality traits in an 8‐year longitudinal study of young adults (N = 907). De‐investment was defined as participating in activities that run counter to age‐graded norms for acceptable behaviour. De‐investment in work was operationalised with a measure of counterproductive work behaviours (CWBs), which included actions such as stealing from the work place, malingering and fighting with co‐workers. CWBs were used to predict changes in personality traits from age 18 to age 26. Consistent with hypotheses, greater amounts of CWB was associated with changes in the broad trait domains of negative emotionality and constraint. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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The Relationship Between Narcissism and Personality Traits of the Five-Factor-Model in Adolescents and Young Adults

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024/1422-4917/a000588 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 516-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marc Allroggen ◽

Peter Rehmann ◽

Eva Schürch ◽

Carolyn C. Morf ◽

Michael Kölch

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Personality Factors ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Grandiose Narcissism ◽

Vulnerable Narcissism ◽

The Relationship

Abstract.Narcissism is seen as a multidimensional construct that consists of two manifestations: grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. In order to define these two manifestations, their relationship to personality factors has increasingly become of interest. However, so far no studies have considered the relationship between different phenotypes of narcissism and personality factors in adolescents. Method: In a cross-sectional study, we examine a group of adolescents (n = 98; average age 16.77 years; 23.5 % female) with regard to the relationship between Big Five personality factors and pathological narcissism using self-report instruments. This group is compared to a group of young adults (n = 38; average age 19.69 years; 25.6 % female). Results: Grandiose narcissism is primarily related to low Agreeableness and Extraversion, vulnerable narcissism to Neuroticism. We do not find differences between adolescents and young adults concerning the relationship between grandiose and vulnerable narcissism and personality traits. Discussion: Vulnerable and grandiose narcissism can be well differentiated in adolescents, and the pattern does not show substantial differences compared to young adults.

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Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.26.4.176 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 176-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Adrian Furnham ◽

Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Student Ratings ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Personality Profile ◽

Similarity Effect ◽

Intelligence Scores ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

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In Search of the Prosocial Personality

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000276 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Anja Wertag ◽

Denis Bratko

Keyword(s):

Prosocial Behavior ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Self Report ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. Prosocial behavior is intended to benefit others rather than oneself and is positively linked to personality traits such as Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility, and usually negatively to the Dark Triad traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy). However, a significant proportion of the research in this area is conducted solely on self-report measures of prosocial behavior. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prosociality and the basic (i.e., HEXACO) and dark personality traits, comparing their contribution in predicting both self-reported prosociality and prosocial behavior. Results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that the Dark Triad traits explain prosociality and prosocial behavior above and beyond the HEXACO traits, emphasizing the importance of the Dark Triad in the personality space.

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Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000101 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 82-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sophie von Stumm

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Fluid Intelligence ◽

Need For Cognition ◽

Openness To Experience ◽

Intelligence Tests ◽

Crystallized Intelligence ◽

New Knowledge ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

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