P16INK4Aimmunostaining is a strong indicator for high-risk-HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinomas and dysplasias, but is unreliable to predict low-risk-HPV-infection in head and neck papillomas and laryngeal dysplasias

Abstract Context.—Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of HPV infection is not fully understood. We inferred from our previous observation of HPV-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that HPV might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens. Objective.—To assess the presence of HPV in the epididymis and ductus deferens in nontuberculous epididymitis. Design.—Epididymal samples obtained from 17 patients and epididymal and ductus deferens samples from 5 patients surgically treated for nontuberculous epididymitis were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction for the presence of HPV DNA. In positive samples, the HPV type was determined by DNA sequencing. Setting.—Tertiary-care academic hospital and national reference laboratory for papillomaviruses. Results.—Low-risk HPV type 6 and high-risk HPV types 16, 33, 35, 55, and 73 were detected in 7 patients (31%). Neither koilocytes nor dysplastic changes were found in the epididymis and ductus deferens. Conclusion.—Low-risk and high-risk HPV types were detected in the epididymis and ductus deferens of patients with nontuberculous epididymitis. The infection was not accompanied by koilocytic atypia or dysplasia. Our findings support the hypothesis that the male urogenital tract serves as a reservoir of HPV infection.

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Alcohol and Tobacco Increases Risk of High Risk HPV Infection in Head and Neck Cancer Patients: Study from North-East Region of India

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0140700 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e0140700 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Rupesh Kumar ◽

Avdhesh Kumar Rai ◽

Debabrata Das ◽

Rajjyoti Das ◽

R. Suresh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

North East ◽

East Region ◽

High Risk Hpv

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The role of HPV vaccination as a cancer prevention agent.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e13566 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e13566-e13566

Author(s):

N Mullai ◽

Soleiman Osman ◽

Joseph Rattenni

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Head And Neck Cancers ◽

Papilloma Virus ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

Hpv Status ◽

High Risk Hpv

e13566 Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted agent and has extensive association with many malignancies such as cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, and head and neck cancers. Vaccination helps prevent sexually transmitted diseases due to HPV. In addition, it provides protection against cancers caused by persistent, high-risk HPV infection in both male and female. Methods: Data collected from the medical records of patients diagnosed with anogenital, and head and neck cancers during 2017-2019 were studied retrospectively and the association of HPV infection was analyzed. Results: There were thirty-three cases of anogenital, and head and neck cancers diagnosed during the study period. The following were the occurrences: penile cancer 1, anal cancer 4, cervical/uterine/vaginal cancers 10, and head and neck cancer including tonsil, base of tongue, vocal cord, and glottis 18. HPV status was available in twenty-six (79%) patients. Fourteen patients were positive for high-risk 16/18 HPV strain, twelve were HPV negative, and HPV status was unknown for seven patients. Most of the patients were smokers and none of them had received HPV vaccination. The patients were treated appropriately with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Conclusions: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection type 16/18 is the most common sexually transmitted infection associated with significant anogenital and head and neck cancers.Vaccinations protect against persistent, high-risk HPV infection that may lead to malignancies. However, the HPV vaccination initiation and completion rates are only 41.7% and 21.6% respectively in males, and 60% and 39.7% respectively in females. The lack of opportunity does not appear to be a major reason for this low coverage. Some of the barriers for low adoption of HPV vaccination were concern about vaccine safety (70%), lack of knowledge about HPV related diseases (56%), very young to vaccinate (56%), fear of riskier sexual behavior (56%), and reluctance as not being included in the required immunization schedule (71%). In addition, several people refused HPV vaccination due to misinformation in social media. The primary purpose of HPV vaccination is to help prevent sexually transmitted diseases. Further, such vaccination can also prevent several cancers caused by persistent infection. Therefore, HPV vaccination has the potential to eliminate such risk if enforced at a young age in school. The above study and data stress this role and the importance of public awareness of the HPV vaccine as a cancer prevention agent.

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Epidemiological Characteristics and Genotypes of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Mianyang

Proceedings of Anticancer Research ◽

10.26689/par.v5i6.2808 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Daping Song ◽

Min Min ◽

Pingjing Guo ◽

Xuemei Zhou

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Infection Rate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Risk ◽

Multiple Infection ◽

Infection Rates ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics ◽

Risk Infection

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in Mianyang. Methods: The cervical samples of 27,040 patients, who visited the Department of Gynecology of The Third Hospital of Mianyang from January 2018 to January 2020, were collected. Results: The HPV-positive infection rate was 21.40% (5,787/27,040); the single HPV infection rate was 72.04% (4,169/5,787); the double HPV infection rate was 19.73% (1,142/5,787); the triple and above HPV infection rate was 8.22% (476/5,787); the top five high-risk HPV subtypes with the highest infection rates were HPV52, 16, 58, 53, and 51, while the top five low-risk HPV subtypes with the highest infection rates were HPV81, 42, 43, 6, and 11; there were significant differences in the HPV-positive infection rate, high-risk infection rate, low-risk infection rate, and multiple infection rate among different age groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HPV infection rate in Mianyang was 21.4%, in which the majority of the cases were single infection; the high-risk HPV subtypes were HPV52, 16, 58, 53, and 51; the HPV-positive infection rate, high-risk infection rate, low-risk infection rate, and multiple infection rate were high in the middle but low at both ends in the context of age distribution; the top three age groups with the highest infection rates were 45-49, 40-44, and 30-34.

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Differences in Factors Associated With High- and Low-Risk Oral Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Men

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa693 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Deepti Bettampadi ◽

Brittney Dickey ◽

Martha Abrahamsen ◽

Bradley Sirak ◽

Maria Luiza Baggio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Hpv Prevalence ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Multivariable Models ◽

High Risk Hpv

Abstract Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes oral warts and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Human papillomavirus-attributable OPC incidence among men is significantly increasing worldwide, yet few studies have reported oral HPV across multiple countries or examined factors associated with low- and high-risk HPV separately. Methods Oral gargles from 3095 men in the multinational HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study were HPV genotyped. Multivariable models assessed factors independently associated with high-risk and low-risk HPV prevalence. Results The prevalence of high-risk and low-risk HPV was 6.0% and 2.8%, respectively. Greater number of sexual partners was only associated with high-risk HPV (1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22–2.90) prevalence. In multivariable models, residing in Mexico (1.66; 95% CI, 1.15–2.40) and smoking (1.66; 95% CI, 1.13–2.44) were significantly associated with high-risk HPV, and history of consistent gum bleeding (2.16; 95% CI, 1.35–3.45) was significantly associated with low-risk HPV. Gender of the sexual partner did not alter the results for either high- or low-risk HPV endpoints. Conclusions Different factors were independently associated with high- and low-risk oral HPV. Oral sexual behaviors were associated with high-risk HPV, and oral health was associated with low-risk HPV. High-risk HPV prevalence differed by country of residence, highlighting the need for additional studies in multiple countries.

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Interaction of High- and Low-Risk human papillomavirus genotypes is associated with a reduced risk of developing cervical cancer (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.36017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amir Avan

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

High Risk ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

High Risk Group ◽

Low Risk ◽

P Value ◽

Simultaneous Infection ◽

High Risk Hpv

BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is among the most common type of cancers in women and is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. OBJECTIVE The link between cervical cancer and high-risk HPV infection has been well documented, although the effect of simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV or low-risk HPV alone on the risk of developing cervical malignancy is remained to be unanswered in guideline METHODS We have investigated the association of high and low-risk HPVs (HR or LR) genotype with cervical carcinoma risk, as well as pathological and cytological information in cases recruited from a population-based cohort study of 790 patients. RESULTS The percentage of HR+LR and HR-HPV16/18 were 9.30% and 11.20% in class II, 7.15% and 7.10% in class IV and 7.15% and 5.80% in As-CUS smears. Interestingly concurrent infection with HR-HPV and LR-HPV types led to a notable decline in the risk of developing malignancy in comparison with the high-risk group (OR=0.3 (0.098-0.925), p-value=0.04). The percentage of individuals with cervical malignancy was 10.2% and 28.2% within the co-infected and the HR-HPV participants. CONCLUSIONS Our finding demonstrated that simultaneous infection with high- and low-risk HPV reduces the risk of cervical malignancy.

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IDENTIFICATION OF FREQUENT PROMOTER METHYLATION OF DEATH-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN KINASE IN LIQUID-BASED PAPANICOLAOUS TEST SAMPLES IN VIETNAMESE POPULATION

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i10.19528 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Phuong Kim Truong ◽

Thuan Duc Lao ◽

Thuy Ai Huyen Le

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Methylation Status ◽

Potential Method ◽

Suppressor Gene ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Risk ◽

Death Associated Protein Kinase ◽

Vietnamese Population ◽

High Risk Hpv

Objective: The infection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, is known to cause cervical cancer (CC); however, aberrant DNA methylation of death-associated protein kinase (DAPK), a member of tumor suppressor gene family, are required for cervical tumorigenesis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the hypermethylation frequency of CpG belonged to DAPK promoter, in Vietnamese patients, as well as to study about the association between hypermethylation, and high-risk HPV infection leading to CC.Methods: Methylation-specific-polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was performed to analyze methylation status from 109 liquid-based papanicolaous test samples, collected from local hospital and were identified whether HPV/or non-HPV, high-risk/low-risk HPV infection, then was confirmed by sequencing.Results: In the case of high-risk HPV infection, the frequency of DAPK gene hypermethylation was 66.67% (24 of 36 cases). Meanwhile, low hypermethylation status was found in low-risk and non-HPV infection, counting for 12.0% (3 of 25 cases), 2.1% (1 of 48 cases), respectively. Significant association of DAPK hypermethylation with high-risk, low-risk, and non-HPV infection was observed (p<0.0001). The DAPK hypermethylation increased the possibility to CC in the case of high-risk HPV infected with high incidence: Odds ratio=34.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]=10.15-117.23, p<0.01), relative risk=12.2 (95% CI=4.56-32.42, p<0.01).Conclusion: Based on those data, it suggested that MSP carried out on noninvasive samples will lead to potential method to screening, diagnosis and early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma in Vietnamese population.

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TLR4 down-regulation identifies high risk HPV infection and integration in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Frontiers in Bioscience ◽

10.2741/747 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 15-28

Author(s):

Angela Santoro

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽

Down Regulation ◽

High Risk Hpv

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Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus (HPV) among Negative Visual Inspection of Acetic Acid (VIA)

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v2i3.398 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Tofan W Utami

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Screening Method ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Low Risk ◽

Dna Test ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Hybridization Test ◽

High Risk Hpv ◽

Hpv Dna Test

Objective: Persistence of high-risk HPV infection is known to be the major cause of cervical cancer. It is important to differentiate the genotype of HPV infection, whether it is high, intermediate or low risk. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of high-risk HPV types among Indonesian women with negative VIA. Method: We analyzed cervical swabs from 1,214 patients with negative VIA. By using INNO-Lipa HPV DNA test, we detected the HPV DNA and its genotype. Result: From the 1,214 women with negative VIA, 48 (3.95%) samples were confirmed to have positive HPV DNA by using PCR and electrophoresis. However, hybridization test were not able to detect HPV genotypes in 9 samples. These 9 samples were tested again with PCR and electrophoresis and resulted in negative HPV DNA. Among the remaining 39 samples (3.21%), we detected 19 types of HPV, consisting of 13 types of high-risk HPV, 5 types of low-risk HPV, and 1 type of unknown HPV (type X). Conclusion: Among patients with negative VIA, 3.21% was found to be positive for HPV DNA. From this percentage, the prevalence of high-risk HPV is higher than the low-risk and unknown HPV. Therefore we cannot ignore results of negative VIA, particularly in highrisk group, because there is a slight possibility that presence of HPV can be identified, especially the high risk ones which have a tendency to be persistent. We support the importance of HPV DNA test as cervical cancer screening method. [Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 3: 153-156] Keywords: cervical cancer, high-risk HPV, negative VIA

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