THE CURRENT STATE OF OBSTETRICAL ANAESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN GREAT BRITAIN

1963 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-211
Author(s):  
G.C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Obstetrical Anaesthesia ◽  
Current State

New Approaches to Financing Infrastructure in Great Britain

2012 ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
V. Varnavskii
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Control ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Private Finance Initiative ◽  
Private Finance ◽  
Current State ◽  
Financing Infrastructure

The author analyzes the current management and financing system reforming of the state-owned infrastructure or infrastructure under the state control in Great Britain. The article gives an assessment of current state of infrastructure in the country. The reasons for termination of Private Finance Initiative (PFI) are also revealed. The author is trying to prove that Public Private Partnership remains a predominant form of drawing private investments into infrastructure development.

scholarly journals Pomiar rektangularyzacji krzywej przeżycia – stan wiedzy i analiza wyników

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-61
Author(s):  
Agata Wnuk
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Knowledge Synthesis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
Measurement And Analysis

This article is a result of a methodological literature review concerning the compression of mortality and rectangularization of the survival curve concepts. It aims to identify the current state of knowledge – key definitions, existing tools of measurement and analysis of empirical research conducted so far in Europe. The process of gathering and selecting scientific literature is precisely described so that one can easily understand the obtained knowledge synthesis and possibly improve further research. The first part of this paper includes definitions of the rectangularization of the survival curve, its dimensions, and related terminology. Then, 26 measures and indicators of the phenomenon, found in existing scientific literature, are described individually and gathered in a comparative table. Finally, the results of reviewing empirical research of 11 European countries are presented: Sweden, France, Switzerland, Great Britain, the Netherlands, Italy, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Spain, and Poland. The results are further discussed on the example of France. The analysis shows that some of the rectangularization measures are still rarely used empirically, some being only theoretically formulated. Moreover, these studies have small to none representation of some European countries. As a result of this literature review, new interesting paths for further research are formulated.

scholarly journals An insight to the current state and sustainability of urban forests across Great Britain based on i-Tree Eco surveys

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madalena Vaz Monteiro ◽  
Phillip Handley ◽  
Kieron J Doick
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Current State ◽  
Provision Of Services

Abstract Urban trees are instrumental in providing ecosystem services to urban society. However, they are subject to many pressures linked to harsh site conditions created by the urban environment, climate change, attack by pests and diseases and the political and social influences that control how urban trees are perceived and managed. An ongoing provision of services from all trees within an urban area (known as the urban forest) can only be achieved through high resilience to these pressures. This study aims to examine the current state of composition, condition and structure of 12 urban forests across Great Britain, by reviewing data collected from i-Tree Eco city or town-wide surveys and recommending a framework to rate their sustainability. The study shows that urban forests are hardy to local winter temperatures and in good health, but lack in large size trees and tree species diversity. Also, several urban forests offer small percentage canopy cover. The wider application of this framework and the creation of detailed tree strategies could help local authorities to establish management strategies, set goals and monitor progress towards achieving greater sustainability.

CURRENT STATE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES IN AGRICULTURE OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. Касенова ◽  
А. Kassenova
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Total Acreage ◽  
The Republic

Мақалада Қазақстанның шағын және орта кәсіпкерліктің (ШОК), соның ішінде ауыл шаруашылығы саласындағы ШОК-тің негізгі көрсеткіштері қарастырылып, талданды. Әлемнің экономикасы дамыған елдерінің ауыл шаруашылығы өнімдерінің негізгі түрлерін: мал және өсімдік шаруашылығының өнімділігін Қазақстанның көрсеткіштерімен салыстыра отырып, талдау жасалынды. Ірі қара мал шаруашылығын Бразилия, Индия, АҚШ, Қытай, Аргентина, Мексика, Австралия мемлекеттері, шошқа шаруашылығынан Қытай, АҚШ, Бразилия, Испания, Германия, Ресей мемлекеттері, қой мен ешкі шаруашылығынан Қытай, Индия, Австралия, Ұлыбритания, Бразилия, Ресей мемлекеттерінде озық дамығандығы анықталды. Сонымен қатар, дәнді және дәнді-бұршақты дақылдардың ішінде бидайдың өнімділігінен Қытай мен Ресей көш бастап тұр, ал картопты Қытай мен Индия, қант қызылшасын Франция, Ресей және АҚШ жақсы өсіретіндігі, бидай өсіруден Қазақстан көрсеткіштері Италия, Ұлыбритания, Польша, Испания, Бразилия елдерінен жоғары екендігі анықталды. ЕЭО елдерінің жалпы егіс алқабы мен негізгі ауыл шаруашылық дақылдарының өнімділігі мен жалпы жиыны, ЕЭО белсенді мүшелерінің ауыл, орман және балық шаруашылығындағы салықтық кірістері мен бюджет шығындары қарастырылды. ҚР ауыл шаруашылығына бөлінген қаражат көлемі Ресейден 4,7 есе аз, ал қалған ЕЭО мүше елдерге қарағанда едәуір жоғары бөлінетіндігі анықталды. Ауыл шаруашылығынан түсетін салықтық түсімдер Ресейден 28,8 есе аз, Беларусиядан 18,7 млн.АҚШ долларына аз кірістелінген. The article considers and analyzes the main indicators of Kazakhstan in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises( SMEs), including agriculture. The analysis of the productivity of main agricultural products (crops and livestock) economically developed countries in comparison with Kazakhstan. The leading development of cattle in Brazil, India, USA, China, Argentina, Mexico, Australia, pig breeding in China, USA, Brazil, Spain, Germany, Russia, sheep and goat breeding in China, India, Australia, Great Britain, Brazil, Russia was revealed. In addition, among cereals and legumes, China and Russia are the leaders in wheat yield, and potatoes are best grown in China and India, sugar beet-in France, Russia and the United States, Kazakhstan's indicators for wheat cultivation are higher than in Italy, Great Britain, Poland, Spain, and Brazil. The total acreage and yield of the main agricultural crops of the EAEU countries, tax revenues and budget expenditures of active members of the EAEU in agriculture, forestry and fisheries are considered. It is established that the amount of funds allocated for agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan is 4.7 times less than in Russia, and in other EAEU member states it is allocated much higher. Tax revenues from agriculture are 28.8 times less than in Russia, by $ 18.7 million.The US yield is lower than that of Belarus.

scholarly journals Ukraine and Great Britain Trade Cooperation: The Current State and Prospects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (515) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
K. O. Makarchuk ◽  
◽  
M. V. Shuba ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Current State ◽  
Negative Balance

The article is aimed at determining the current state and prospects for the development of trade cooperation between Ukraine and Great Britain. For Ukraine, cooperation with the the United Kingdom as one of the world’s trade leaders can be a promising direction. The dynamics of foreign trade in goods and services of Ukraine with Great Britain are provided. The increase in Ukrainian exports of goods may continue after the Great Britain leaves the EU, as, unlike other EU countries, Great Britain pursues a less protectionist policy on agricultural products. The commodity structure of exports and imports, as well as changes in the structure of foreign trade in the services of Ukraine and Great Britain over the past 5 years are analyzed. The main commodities exported by Ukraine are ferrous metals, grain crops, fats and oils of both animal and vegetable origin. The structure of British imports of goods is dominated by goods with high added value. Great Britain is one of Ukraine’s main foreign trade partners in the trade in services. A positive process for Ukraine is the increase in the share of services exports in the sphere of telecommunications, computer and information services. It is determined that trade cooperation between Ukraine and Great Britain during the researched period is characterized, in general, by positive dynamics. Positive changes include a gradual reduction in the negative balance of Ukrainian trade with great Britain due to faster growth of Ukrainian exports. At the same time, the unresolved problem remains low-diversified exports of Ukraine with low added value. Prospects for further trade cooperation between Ukraine and Great Britain in the context of signing the Agreement on Political Cooperation, Free Trade and Strategic Partnership between Ukraine and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland are examined.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

Recent applications of TEM to the study of interfaces

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
C. Barry Carter
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Diffuse Scattering ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Current State ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
High Resolution Images

This paper will review the current state of understanding of interface structure and highlight some of the future needs and problems which must be overcome. The study of this subject can be separated into three different topics: 1) the fundamental electron microscopy aspects, 2) material-specific features of the study and 3) the characteristics of the particular interfaces. The two topics which are relevant to most studies are the choice of imaging techniques and sample preparation. The techniques used to study interfaces in the TEM include high-resolution imaging, conventional diffraction-contrast imaging, and phase-contrast imaging (Fresnel fringe images, diffuse scattering). The material studied affects not only the characteristics of the interfaces (through changes in bonding, etc.) but also the method used for sample preparation which may in turn have a significant affect on the resulting image. Finally, the actual nature and geometry of the interface must be considered. For example, it has become increasingly clear that the plane of the interface is particularly important whenever at least one of the adjoining grains is crystalline.A particularly productive approach to the study of interfaces is to combine different imaging techniques as illustrated in the study of grain boundaries in alumina. In this case, the conventional imaging approach showed that most grain boundaries in ion-thinned samples are grooved at the grain boundary although the extent of this grooving clearly depends on the crystallography of the surface. The use of diffuse scattering (from amorphous regions) gives invaluable information here since it can be used to confirm directly that surface grooving does occur and that the grooves can fill with amorphous material during sample preparation (see Fig. 1). Extensive use of image simulation has shown that, although information concerning the interface can be obtained from Fresnel-fringe images, the introduction of artifacts through sample preparation cannot be lightly ignored. The Fresnel-fringe simulation has been carried out using a commercial multislice program (TEMPAS) which was intended for simulation of high-resolution images.

Proteasome inhibitors as therapeutics

2005 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Constantine S. Mitsiades ◽  
Nicholas Mitsiades ◽  
Teru Hideshima ◽  
Paul G. Richardson ◽  
Kenneth C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Drug Class ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intracellular Mechanism ◽  
Ubiquitin Proteasome ◽  
Proteasome Pathway ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas ◽  
Clinical Research Data

The ubiquitin–proteasome pathway is a principle intracellular mechanism for controlled protein degradation and has recently emerged as an attractive target for anticancer therapies, because of the pleiotropic cell-cycle regulators and modulators of apoptosis that are controlled by proteasome function. In this chapter, we review the current state of the field of proteasome inhibitors and their prototypic member, bortezomib, which was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced multiple myeloma. Particular emphasis is placed on the pre-clinical research data that became the basis for eventual clinical applications of proteasome inhibitors, an overview of the clinical development of this exciting drug class in multiple myeloma, and a appraisal of possible uses in other haematological malignancies, such non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Regional variations in deaths from volatile solvent abuse in Great Britain

Addiction ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 1765-1772
Author(s):  
A. Esmail ◽  
B. Warburton ◽  
J. M. Bland ◽  
H. R. Anderson ◽  
J. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Solvent Abuse
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