Improving Malaysian cocoa quality through the use of dehumidified air under mild drying conditions

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile.

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Modeling the Influence of Drying Conditions on the Stress Buildup During Drying of Paperboard

Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology ◽

10.1115/1.2345440 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 495 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Magnus Östlund

Keyword(s):

Drying Conditions ◽

Stress Buildup

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Cherry Tomato Drying: Sun versus Convective Oven

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7030040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Vincenzo Alfeo ◽

Diego Planeta ◽

Salvatore Velotto ◽

Rosa Palmeri ◽

Aldo Todaro

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Initial Moisture Content ◽

Drying Process ◽

Drying Time ◽

Oven Drying ◽

Sun Drying ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Final Water Content ◽

Drying Curves ◽

Drying Conditions

Solar drying and convective oven drying of cherry tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were compared. The changes in the chemical parameters of tomatoes and principal drying parameters were recorded during the drying process. Drying curves were fitted to several mathematical models, and the effects of air temperature during drying were evaluated by multiple regression analyses, comparing to previously reported models. Models for drying conditions indicated a final water content of 30% (semidry products) and 15% (dry products) was achieved, comparing sun-drying and convective oven drying at three different temperatures. After 26–28 h of sun drying, the tomato tissue had reached a moisture content of 15%. However, less drying time, about 10–11 h, was needed when starting with an initial moisture content of 92%. The tomato tissue had high ORAC and polyphenol content values after convective oven drying at 60 °C. The dried tomato samples had a satisfactory taste, color and antioxidant values.

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Observation of Pressure Drop Behavior in an Operating Fuel Cell Stack

ASME 2005 Power Conference ◽

10.1115/pwr2005-50074 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

Frano Barbir ◽

Haluk Gorgun ◽

Xinting Wang

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

Pressure Drop ◽

Proton Exchange Membrane ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Cathode Side ◽

Fuel Cell Stack ◽

Flow Through ◽

Drying Conditions ◽

Exchange Membrane ◽

The Relationship

Pressure drop on the cathode side of a PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) fuel cell stack has been studied and used as a diagnostic tool. Since the Reynolds number at the beginning of the flow field channel was <250, the flow through the channel is laminar, and the relationship between the pressure drop and the flow rate is linear. Some departure from linearity was observed when water was either introduced in the stack or produced inside the stack in the electrochemical reaction. By monitoring the pressure drop in conjunction with the cell resistance in an operational fuel cell stack, it was possible to diagnose either flooding or drying conditions inside the stack.

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Preparation and Electrical Characteristics of (100), (111), and Randomly Oriented PZT Thin Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-361-445 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 361 ◽

Author(s):

Chang Jung Kim ◽

Dae Sung Yoon ◽

Joon Sung Lee ◽

Chaun Gi Choi ◽

Won Jong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Hysteresis Loops ◽

Test System ◽

Electrical Characteristics ◽

Pzt Thin Films ◽

Pole Figures ◽

Current Voltage ◽

Current Voltage Characteristics ◽

Drying Conditions

ABSTRACTThe (100), (111) and randomly oriented PZT thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/Coming 7059 glass using sol-gel method. The thin films having different orientation were fabricated by different drying conditions for pyrolysis. The preferred orientations of the PZT thin films were observed using XRD, rocking curves, and pole figures. The microstructures were investigated using SEM. The hysteresis loops and capacitance-voltage characteristics of the films were investigated using a standardized ferroelectric test system. The dielectric constant and current-voltage characteristics of the films were investigated using an impedance analyzer and pA meter, respectively. The films oriented in a particular direction showed superior electrical characteristics to the randomly oriented films.

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