scholarly journals Personality Maturation during the Transition to Working Life: Associations with Commitment as A Possible Indicator of Social Investment

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte den Boer ◽  
Theo A. Klimstra ◽  
Susan J.T. Branje ◽  
Wim H.J. Meeus ◽  
Jaap J.A. Denissen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
European Association ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Investment Theory ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Commitment

The social investment theory (SIT) proposes that personality maturation is triggered by transitions into age–graded roles and psychological commitment to these roles. The present study examines the predictions of SIT by focusing on the transition from student life to working life. We analysed three–wave longitudinal data and compared participants who made the transition into working life ( N = 226), participants who combined education with work ( N = 387), and participants who did not make the transition at all ( N = 287). In contrast to the predictions of SIT, we found no differences in personality maturation between individuals who made the transition into working life and those who did this only partly or not at all. Psychological commitment to work did not explain individual differences in personality maturation for those who made the transition (partly) into working life after controlling for multiple testing. Therefore, the present study did not support the predictions of SIT. © 2019 The Authors European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Individual Differences in the Resistance to Social Change and Acceptance of Inequality Predict System Legitimacy Differently Depending on the Social Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Brandt ◽  
Christine Reyna
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
European Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Total N ◽  
The Social

We propose that individual differences in the resistance to social change and the acceptance of inequality can have divergent effects on legitimacy depending on the context. This possibility was tested in a sample of 27 European countries ( N = 144 367) and across four experiments (total N = 475). Individual differences in the resistance to social change were related to higher levels of perceived legitimacy no matter the level of inequality of the society. Conversely, individual differences in the acceptance of inequality were related to higher levels of perceived legitimacy in unequal societies, but either a relationship near zero or the opposite relationship was found in more equal societies. These studies highlight the importance of distinguishing between individual differences that make up political ideology, especially when making predictions in diverse settings. © 2017 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Social Anxiety and Social Surrogacy in College Roommate Relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane M. Boucher ◽  
Jorden A. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
European Association ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
College Roommates ◽  
Social Surrogacy

The social surrogate hypothesis proposes that people with higher social anxiety (HSA) recruit others to accompany them into social situations. We tested this hypothesis with college roommates using both hypothetical (Study 1) and retrospective (Study 2) measures, while assessing roommate's perceptions of recruitment and how social surrogacy might influence liking between roommates. Across two studies, we found that HSA participants were less likely to enter social situations alone (i.e. higher conditional entry); however, HSA was related to recruitment only when participants considered hypothetical scenarios, not when recruitment was assessed globally or retrospectively. There was little evidence that HSA participants’ roommates were aware of these behaviours, although there was preliminary evidence that less social anxiety might increase liking when roommates perceived more conditional entry. We also found preliminary evidence that social anxiety may be negatively related to liking when participants were less likely to recruit an alternate surrogate if their roommate was unavailable. Taken together, these preliminary findings emphasize the importance of studying the surrogacy process from an interpersonal/dyadic perspective and using methods that will differentiate between anticipated (which may be assessed by hypothetical scenarios) and enacted recruitment behaviours. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

Steps toward an evolutionary personality psychology: Individual differences in the social rank domain.

2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Zuroff ◽  
Marc A. Fournier ◽  
Erika A. Patall ◽  
Michelle J. Leybman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social

Individual Differences in Testosterone Predict Persistence in Men

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Welker ◽  
Justin M. Carré
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
European Association ◽  
Competitive Interaction ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Neuroendocrine Function ◽  
Maximum Time ◽  
The Relationship

Persistence is an important predictor of future successes. The present research addresses the relationship between testosterone and persistence in men. One hundred eighteen men were randomly assigned to win or lose a competitive number tracing task against a confederate or complete the task alone in a non–competitive control condition. Saliva samples were collected prior to and after the competition or control conditions. Participants were then given a maximum time of 30 min to spend attempting to solve unsolvable puzzles, with the option to quit at any time. In contrast to our prediction, changes in testosterone concentrations in response to the competitive interaction did not predict persistence behaviour. However, individual differences in testosterone concentrations (pre–competition/non–competition) were positively correlated with persistence. These findings are the first to examine associations between neuroendocrine function and persistence behaviour in people and suggest that testosterone should also be considered when predicting persistence–related outcomes. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

Professionele identiteitsproblemen van sociale stijgers

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Thijssen ◽  
Mick Matthys ◽  
Peter Leisink
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Identity Problems

Professional identity problems of social climbers. A theoretical exploration Professional identity problems of social climbers. A theoretical exploration Children who have attained a much higher level of education than their parents are called social climbers. Their educational performance is easily seen as a positive condition for success and well-being during their working life. However, many of them struggle quite a long time with professional identity-problems. They perceive themselves as different from their colleagues and do not consider themselves as ‘real’ members of the social group they belong to now. However, there are relatively large individual differences in well-being between them. The ensuing research question is: Which professional identity problems are social climbers confronted with and how can their individual differences in these problems be explained? Based on identity literature and recent research on social climbers several professional identity problems are specified and a theoretical model is developed that explains the differences between social climbers by means of two moderating concepts: the ‘identity capital’ concept of Côté and the ‘identity agents’ concept of Schachter.

scholarly journals Truth and Wishful Thinking: How Interindividual Differences in Communal Motives Manifest in Momentary Partner Perceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Pusch ◽  
Felix D. Schönbrodt ◽  
Caroline Zygar–Hoffmann ◽  
Birk Hagemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Signal Detection ◽  
European Association ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Wishful Thinking ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Interindividual Differences ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
Partner Perceptions ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Although rooted in reality, partner perceptions often reflect wishful thinking due to perceivers’ needs. Dispositional needs, or motives, can differ between persons; however, little is known about their differential associations with everyday partner perception. The present study used data from a 4–week experience sampling study ( N = up to 60942 surveys from 510 individuals nested in 259 couples) to examine the effects of perceivers’ partner–related implicit and explicit communal motives on the perception of (i) global communal partner behaviour and (ii) specific communal and uncommunal partner behaviours. The results of truth and bias models of judgement and quasi–signal detection analyses indicate that strong implicit communal approach motives and strong explicit communal motives are associated with the tendency to overestimate the partner's communal behaviour. Additionally, strong implicit communal approach motives were associated with the tendency to avoid perceptions of uncommunal partner behaviour. Neither implicit nor explicit communal motives had an effect on accuracy in the perception of particularly communal partner behaviour. The results highlight the relevance of both implicit and explicit communal motives for momentary partner perceptions and emphasise the benefits of dyadic microlongitudinal designs for a better understanding of the mechanisms through which individual differences manifest in couples’ everyday lives. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Personality Traits Predict Smartphone Usage

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Stachl ◽  
Sven Hilbert ◽  
Jiew–Quay Au ◽  
Daniel Buschek ◽  
Alexander De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
European Association ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Predictive Performance ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Actual Behaviour

The present study investigates to what degree individual differences can predict frequency and duration of actual behaviour, manifested in mobile application (app) usage on smartphones. In particular, this work focuses on the identification of stable associations between personality on the factor and facet level, fluid intelligence, demography and app usage in 16 distinct categories. A total of 137 subjects (87 women and 50 men), with an average age of 24 ( SD = 4.72), participated in a 90–min psychometric lab session as well as in a subsequent 60–day data logging study in the field. Our data suggest that personality traits predict mobile application usage in several specific categories such as communication, photography, gaming, transportation and entertainment. Extraversion, conscientiousness and agreeableness are better predictors of mobile application usage than basic demographic variables in several distinct categories. Furthermore, predictive performance is slightly higher for single factor—in comparison with facet–level personality scores. Fluid intelligence and demographics additionally show stable associations with categorical app usage. In sum, this study demonstrates how individual differences can be effectively related to actual behaviour and how this can assist in understanding the behavioural underpinnings of personality. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Testing the Social Investment Principle Around Childbirth: Little Evidence for Personality Maturation Before and after Becoming a Parent

2020 ◽  
pp. per.2269
Author(s):  
Eva Asselmann ◽  
Jule Specht
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After

In line with the social investment principle, becoming a parent should lead to more mature behaviour and an increase in conscientiousness, agreeableness, and emotional stability. However, previous research provided mixed results that do not support this idea. Here, we used data from a nationally representative household panel study from Germany ( N = 19 875) to examine whether becoming a parent relates to personality maturation. Whether a child was born was assessed yearly, and the Big Five personality traits were measured in four waves from 2005 to 2017. We used multilevel analyses to investigate whether personality differs between individuals who will or will not become parents, whether personality differs before and after becoming a parent, and whether these effects vary by gender, age, and living status. In sum, our findings revealed that less open and more extraverted individuals were more likely to start a family, and openness and extraversion both decreased after the transition to parenthood. Some other effects varied by gender, age, and living status. Taken together, our findings suggest that the Big Five personality traits differ before and across the transition to parenthood and that these differences especially apply to openness and extraversion. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

Solidarity and Social Justice: Effect of Individual Differences in Justice Sensitivity on Solidarity Behaviour

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Stavrova ◽  
Thomas Schlösser
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
European Association ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Justice Sensitivity ◽  
Random Draw ◽  
Hexaco Model

We investigate the effect of individual differences in justice sensitivity (JS) on giving behaviour in a solidarity game, its potential moderators and the underlying psychological mechanisms. In a solidarity game, subjects are asked to make decisions about transferring money to other players in a case in which they win a random draw and the other players lose. The results of four studies showed the following: (1) JS explains a unique portion of variance in the solidarity behaviour, above and beyond other basic personality dimensions (e.g. HEXACO model); (2) its effect does not depend on contextual factors, such as the degree of moral entitlement not to share and the possibility to attribute the recipients’ disadvantage to their own responsibility; and (3) individual differences in the emotions anticipated in response to different outcomes of a random draw and the cognitive interpretation of the allocation situation partially mediate the effect of JS on solidarity behaviour. We also provided the first evidence that JS predicts individual differences in the propensity to take away others’ earnings (antisocial behaviour). The results are discussed with respect to the research on personality as a predictor of prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Copyright © 2015 European Association of Personality Psychology

scholarly journals Lead Us (Not) into Temptation: Testing the Motivational Mechanisms Linking Honesty–Humility to Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Hilbig ◽  
Pascal J. Kieslich ◽  
Felix Henninger ◽  
Isabel Thielmann ◽  
Ingo Zettler
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
European Association ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Personality Psychology ◽  
Economic Games ◽  
The Past ◽  
Person Game ◽  
Hexaco Model ◽  
Shed Light

Over the past decades, there has been considerable interest in individual differences in cooperative behaviour and how these can be explained. Whereas the Honesty–Humility dimension from the HEXACO model of personality has been identified as a consistent predictor of cooperation, the underlying motivational mechanisms of this association have remained unclear—especially given the confound between the temptation to exploit others and the fear of being exploited as motivational drivers of defection in social dilemmas. In a reanalysis and a new experiment, we tease apart these mechanisms by manipulating the rank order of pay–offs in a symmetric two–person game paradigm, essentially implementing the classic prisoner's dilemma, stag hunt, and chicken games. Results revealed that Honesty–Humility predicted cooperation specifically in the games in which temptation was a potential motivator of defection, whereas it did not account for cooperation in those games in which only fear implied defection. Our findings thereby shed light on the underlying motivational mechanisms of the Honesty–Humility–cooperation link and, more generally, demonstrate how economic games can be used to disentangle such mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology

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