The Content of Internal Conflicts: A Personal Values Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noga Sverdlik
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Work Family ◽  
The Relationship

This paper highlights the importance of considering two facets of the content of internal conflicts: The concrete subject theme of the conflict and the abstract motivations that people perceive as being conflicted (e.g. values implicated in the conflict). The paper demonstrates how personal value priorities contribute to the understanding of internal conflicts. In two studies I examined the relationship between values and the content of internal conflicts. In Study 1 ( N = 250), students described a central conflict that they were experiencing and analysed the values they perceived as opposing in their conflict. Results indicated that the reported conflicts were usually between values not conceptualized as motivationally opposite to each other. Furthermore, personal value priorities were related to the values implicated in the conflict both directly and indirectly by their effect on the themes of the conflicts. In Study 2 ( N = 230), working parents analysed the values they perceive as coming in conflict in two work–family dilemmas. Findings supported the premise that values explain individual differences in the motivational meaning attributed to a conflict even when the conflict theme is held constant. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Predictor Role of Profession in Explaining Personal Value Priorities and Conflicts between Construction Stakeholders

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Panahi ◽  
Elena Moezzi ◽  
Christopher Preece ◽  
Wan Zakaria ◽  
John Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Project Managers ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between “profession” and personal values to explain the potential conflicts between various groups of construction stakeholders. In this study, personal values of three professional groups of project consultants including architects, engineers, and quantity surveyors were assessed through questionnaire survey in the Malaysian construction industry. Using comparative analysis, the personal value priorities and conflicts between these professional groups of stakeholders were identified. The research findings indicated dissimilar patterns of personal values which explain potential conflicts between the stakeholders with different professions in the Malaysian construction industry. Therefore, this research confirmed the predictor role of “profession” variable in explaining personal values although this relationship was an ambiguous issue in the extant literature. This research, through identifying the value priorities of different groups of construction stakeholders, provides better understanding of their different needs, expectations, and preferences which would help project managers to have better perception of the potential conflicts between these groups of construction stakeholders. 

The Consequences of not Acting on Personally and Socially Important Value-Expressive Behaviours on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Megan Chrystal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eudaimonic Wellbeing

<p>Wellbeing is thought to decrease when one’s actions do not align with one’s values. This study refined a previous experimental method to investigate how perceived failure to live up to expectations of value-expressive behaviours may affect eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing. One hundred and ninety-nine students considered their own past value-expressive behaviours in a survey designed to induce a discrepancy or “gap” between reported and ideal behaviour. We tested whether the importance of value-expressive behaviours—and whether this importance was based on personal or social ideals—would affect the perception of behavioural discrepancies and wellbeing. Results showed that being asked about more important behaviours predicted a greater perceived behavioural gap and less hedonic wellbeing. Whether this importance was based on personal values or social desirability did not differentially predict perceived behavioural gap or wellbeing, challenging the focus that some therapy models place on personal value expression to improve wellbeing. The perceived behavioural gap did not mediate a relationship between experimental condition and wellbeing, suggesting that other variables may play a role in the relationship between values, behaviour, and wellbeing. Further exploratory tests, limitations, and theoretical implications are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Association between personal values in adolescence and impaired bonding relationship with children

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Obikane ◽  
Kazuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Nishi ◽  
Norito Kawakami
Keyword(s):  
Personal Values ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Community Representative ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Bonding disorders happen as parents cannot build an affective relationship with children and are associated with their psychological and social conditions. Personal values impact well-being and psychological outcomes; however, how personal values influence bonding relationships is unknown. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between personal values in adolescence recalled by adult participants and impaired bonding using a community-representative database. Methods We conducted a retrospective study using cross-sectional data of adults living with children in Japan. Personal values were evaluated by value priorities measured by 11 items from Personal Value Questionnaires, and commitment to values measured by a Japanese version of the Personal Values Questionnaires II. Impaired bonding was evaluated by five items from a Japanese-version of the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale. Odds ratios of value priorities and commitment to values for impaired bonding relationships were calculated after adjusting covariates. Results Of 13,920 people selected by probability proportionate sampling, 466 participants with children under 6 years old were selected for analysis. Personal values on improving society, graduating from school, positive evaluation from others, and pursuing one’s interest were negatively associated with impaired bonding relationship, while personal values on financial success were positively associated with impaired bonding relationship. Commitment to values were negatively associated with bonding problems. Conclusions While a future longitudinal study is needed, the present findings may indicate that personal values in adolescence are associated with their bonding relationship with children.

scholarly journals The Consequences of not Acting on Personally and Socially Important Value-Expressive Behaviours on Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Megan Chrystal
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Eudaimonic Wellbeing

<p>Wellbeing is thought to decrease when one’s actions do not align with one’s values. This study refined a previous experimental method to investigate how perceived failure to live up to expectations of value-expressive behaviours may affect eudaimonic and hedonic wellbeing. One hundred and ninety-nine students considered their own past value-expressive behaviours in a survey designed to induce a discrepancy or “gap” between reported and ideal behaviour. We tested whether the importance of value-expressive behaviours—and whether this importance was based on personal or social ideals—would affect the perception of behavioural discrepancies and wellbeing. Results showed that being asked about more important behaviours predicted a greater perceived behavioural gap and less hedonic wellbeing. Whether this importance was based on personal values or social desirability did not differentially predict perceived behavioural gap or wellbeing, challenging the focus that some therapy models place on personal value expression to improve wellbeing. The perceived behavioural gap did not mediate a relationship between experimental condition and wellbeing, suggesting that other variables may play a role in the relationship between values, behaviour, and wellbeing. Further exploratory tests, limitations, and theoretical implications are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Personal Value on CSV (Creating Shared Value)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeongho Koo ◽  
Suhyun Baek ◽  
Sunah Kim
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
Personal Value ◽  
Creating Shared Value ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
University Setting

The purpose of this study is to reveal the effect of personal value as a part of creating shared value (CSV). We extracted factors of personal value through a literature review. Personal value consists of social commitment, self-actualization, goal setting, and solidarity. Self-actualization is the universal motivation of the individual, goal setting is the basis for the occurrence of action, and solidarity is the relationship factor that defends competition and personalization. This study was conducted on three hypotheses. Hypothesis 1 is that self-actualization will have an effect on CSV. Hypothesis 2 is that goal setting will have an effect on CSV. Hypothesis 3 is that solidarity will have an effect on CSV. The proxy of CSV is social commitment. We examine the effects of these personal values on CSV by surveying 557 university students. This study applied the regression model to test the hypotheses. The empirical results are as follows. CSV increases when we are more self-actualized. Goal setting positively affects CSV. CSV goes up as we have many relationships with organizations and are more cooperative in work. This study suggests the important elements of personal values in a university setting for CSV, and enables setting the direction of the education by setting the index of the attitude to increase the value of the individual in CSV.

scholarly journals Age Differences in the Longitudinal Relationship between Work-Family Conflict and Alcohol Use

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Wolff ◽  
Kathleen M. Rospenda ◽  
Judith A. Richman
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Problematic Alcohol Use ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the relationship between work-family conflict and alcohol use has generally shown small effects possibly due to failure to include important individual differences relevant to the experience of work-family conflict and alcohol use, notably age. This study examined whether the relationships between aspects of work-family conflict and alcohol use variables differed by age. Participants were 543 individuals (51.2% women) from a community sample of working adults in the greater Chicagoland area who responded to a mail survey at three time points. Results showed important differences between age groups in several predictors of alcohol use. Strain versus time-based conflict had different effects on drinking, and strain-based forms of work-family conflict were related to increased problematic alcohol use depending on age. This study indicates that individual differences, particularly age, should be systematically accounted for when studying the relationship between work-family conflict and alcohol use.

The Need to Belong and the Relationship Between Loneliness and Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freda-Marie Hartung ◽  
Britta Renner
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health State ◽  
Need To Belong ◽  
First Year University ◽  
Perceived Social Isolation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Humans are social animals; consequently, a lack of social ties affects individuals’ health negatively. However, the desire to belong differs between individuals, raising the question of whether individual differences in the need to belong moderate the impact of perceived social isolation on health. In the present study, 77 first-year university students rated their loneliness and health every 6 weeks for 18 weeks. Individual differences in the need to belong were found to moderate the relationship between loneliness and current health state. Specifically, lonely students with a high need to belong reported more days of illness than those with a low need to belong. In contrast, the strength of the need to belong had no effect on students who did not feel lonely. Thus, people who have a strong need to belong appear to suffer from loneliness and become ill more often, whereas people with a weak need to belong appear to stand loneliness better and are comparatively healthy. The study implies that social isolation does not impact all individuals identically; instead, the fit between the social situation and an individual’s need appears to be crucial for an individual’s functioning.

Attachment and Field Dependence: Individual Differences in Information Processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Vermigli ◽  
Alessandro Toni
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Field Dependence ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Figure Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measure Field

The present research analyzes the relationship between attachment styles at an adult age and field dependence in order to identify possible individual differences in information processing. The “Experience in Close Relationships” test of Brennan et al. was administered to a sample of 380 individuals (160 males, 220 females), while a subsample of 122 subjects was given the Embedded Figure Test to measure field dependence. Confirming the starting hypothesis, the results have shown that individuals with different attachment styles have a different way of perceiving the figure against the background. Ambivalent and avoidant individuals lie at the two extremes of the same dimension while secure individuals occupy the central part. Significant differences also emerged between males and females.

Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Student Ratings ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document