scholarly journals Silicon Oxide Barrier Coatings Deposited on Polymer Materials for Applications in Food Packaging Industry

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. S700-S704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schneider ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Akbar ◽  
Jerôme Dutroncy ◽  
Dennis Kiesler ◽  
Martina Leins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Oxide Barrier ◽  
Packaging Industry

scholarly journals Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bacterial Cellulose for the Production of Nanocrystals for the Food Packaging Industry

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Cesare Rovera ◽  
Filippo Fiori ◽  
Silvia Trabattoni ◽  
Diego Romano ◽  
Stefano Farris
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
High Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Barrier ◽  
Final State ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Packaging Industry

Bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNCs) obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis have been loaded in pullulan biopolymer for use as nanoparticles in the generation of high-oxygen barrier coatings intended for food packaging applications. Bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by Komagataeibacter sucrofermentans was hydrolyzed by two different enzymatic treatments, i.e., using endo-1,4-β-glucanases (EGs) from Thermobifida halotolerans and cellulase from Trichoderma reesei. The hydrolytic activity was compared by means of turbidity experiments over a period of 145 h, whereas BCNCs in their final state were compared, in terms of size and morphology, by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Though both treatments led to particles of similar size, a greater amount of nano-sized particles (≈250 nm) were observed in the system that also included cellulase enzymes. Unexpectedly, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that cellulose nanoparticles were round-shaped and made of 4–5 short (150–180 nm) piled whiskers. Pullulan/BCNCs nanocomposite coatings allowed an increase in the overall oxygen barrier performance, of more than two and one orders of magnitude (≈0.7 mL·m−2·24 h−1), of pure polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (≈120 mL·m−2·24 h−1) as well as pullulan/coated PET (≈6 mL·m−2·24 h−1), with no significant difference between treatments (hydrolysis mediated by EGs or with the addition of cellulase). BCNCs obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis have the potential to generate high oxygen barrier coatings for the food packaging industry.

Contrasting underlying mechanisms of different barrier coating types

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Bryan McCulloch ◽  
John Roper ◽  
Kaitlin Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Mechanical Degradation ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Barrier Coatings ◽  
Barrier Materials ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Coating Type ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Barrier coatings are used in applications including food packaging, dry goods, and consumer products to prevent transport of different compounds either through or into paper and paperboard substrates. These coatings are useful in packaging to contain active ingredients, such as fragrances, or to protect contents from detrimental substances, such as oxygen, water, grease, or other chemicals of concern. They also are used to prevent visual changes or mechanical degradation that might occur if the paper becomes saturated. The performance and underlying mechanism depends on the barrier coating type and, in particular, on whether the barrier coating is designed to prevent diffusive or capillary transport. Estimates on the basis of fundamental transport phenomena and data from a broad screening of different barrier materials can be used to understand the limits of various approaches to construct barrier coatings. These estimates also can be used to create basic design rules for general classes of barrier coatings.

Using watermark visibility measurements to select an optimized pair of spot colors for use in a binary watermark

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 197-1-197-7
Author(s):  
Alastair Reed ◽  
Vlado Kitanovski ◽  
Kristyn Falkenstern ◽  
Marius Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Complementary Color ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Spot Color ◽  
Selection Of

Spot colors are widely used in the food packaging industry. We wish to add a watermark signal within a spot color that is readable by a Point Of Sale (POS) barcode scanner which typically has red illumination. Some spot colors such as blue, black and green reflect very little red light and are difficult to modulate with a watermark at low visibility to a human observer. The visibility measurements that have been made with the Digimarc watermark enables the selection of a complementary color to the base color which can be detected by a POS barcode scanner but is imperceptible at normal viewing distance.

scholarly journals Paperboard Coating Detection Based on Full-Stokes Imaging Polarimetry

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Javier Brugés Martelo ◽  
Jan Lundgren ◽  
Mattias Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Imaging Systems ◽  
Gaussian Kernel ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Distance Correlation ◽  
Imaging Polarimetry ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Thickness Variations

The manufacturing of high-quality extruded low-density polyethylene (PE) paperboard intended for the food packaging industry relies on manual, intrusive, and destructive off-line inspection by the process operators to assess the overall quality and functionality of the product. Defects such as cracks, pinholes, and local thickness variations in the coating can occur at any location in the reel, affecting the sealable property of the product. To detect these defects locally, imaging systems must discriminate between the substrate and the coating. We propose an active full-Stokes imaging polarimetry for the classification of the PE-coated paperboard and its substrate (before applying the PE coating) from industrially manufactured samples. The optical system is based on vertically polarized illumination and a novel full-Stokes imaging polarimetry camera system. From the various parameters obtained by polarimetry measurements, we propose implementing feature selection based on the distance correlation statistical method and, subsequently, the implementation of a support vector machine algorithm that uses a nonlinear Gaussian kernel function. Our implementation achieves 99.74% classification accuracy. An imaging polarimetry system with high spatial resolution and pixel-wise metrological characteristics to provide polarization information, capable of material classification, can be used for in-process control of manufacturing coated paperboard.

Determination of Poisson's Ratio of Thin low-k Films using Bidirectional Thermal Expansion Measurement

2006 ◽  
Vol 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiping Ye ◽  
Satoshi Shimizu ◽  
Shigeo Sato ◽  
Nobuo Kojima ◽  
Junnji Noro
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Thermal Expansion Measurement ◽  
Low K

AbstractA recently developed bidirectional thermal expansion measurement (BTEM) method was applied to different types of low-k films to substantiate the reliability of the Poisson's ratio found with this technique and thereby to corroborate its practical utility. In this work, the Poisson's ratio was determined by obtaining the temperature gradient of the biaxial thermal stress from substrate curvature measurements, the temperature gradient of the whole thermal expansion strain along the film thickness from x-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements, and reduced modulus of the film from nanoindentation measurements. For silicon oxide-based SiOC film having a thickness of 382.5 nm, the Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and thermal extension coefficient (TEC) were determined to be Vf = 0.26, αf =21 ppm/K and Ef =9,7 GPa. These data are close to the levels of metals and polymers rather than the levels of fused silicon oxide, which is characterized by Vf = 0.17 and Er = 69.6 GPa. The alkyl component in the silicon oxide-based framework is thought to act as an agent in reducing the modulus and elevating the Poisson's ratio in SiOC low-k materials. In the case of an organic polymer SiLK film with a thickness of 501.5 nm, the Poisson's ratio, Young's modulus and TEC were determined to be Vf = 0.39, αf =74 ppm/K and Er =3.1 GPa, which are in the typical range of V= 0.34~0.47 with E =1.0~10 GPa for polymer materials. From the viewpoint of the relationship between the Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus as classified by different material types, the Poisson's ratios found for the silicon oxide-based SiOC and organic SiLK films are reasonable values, thereby confirming that BTEM is a reliable and effective method for evaluating the Poisson's ratio of thin films.

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