scholarly journals Impact of Anaemia on the Severity of Acute Bronchiolitis in Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Elif Çelik ◽  
Serkan Fazlı Çelik ◽  
Şükrü Güngör ◽  
Adem Dursun
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Although anaemia is a predisposing factor in the occurrence of lower respiratory tract infections, there is limited data about the relationship between anaemia and acute bronchiolitis in infants. The aim of this study is to determine whether anaemia is an independent clinical condition increasing the severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 163 infants (101 acute bronchiolitis and age and sex matched 62 controls), aged between one month to two years. According to the clinical severity of the disease, patients were divided as having mild, moderate and severe acute bronchiolitis. Haemoglobin (Hb) level was considered low when below 11 gm/dL, which is less than 2 standard deviation (SD). Results: Median Hb and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) levels were significantly lower in acute bronchiolitis patients than controls {10.1 gm/dL (9.6 - 10.6 gm/dL) vs. 11.2 gm/dL (10.6 - 12.1 gm/dL); p < 0.001)}, and {33.6 (32.5 - 34.1 gm/dL) vs. 34 gm/dL (33.1 - 34.5 gm/dL) p = 0.012}. Conversely, median red cell distribution width (RDW) was higher {14.4% (13.5 - 15.6%) vs. 14.1% (13.1-15%)}. When evaluated by logistic regression analysis, the risk of severe bronchiolitis increased 10 times in acute bronchiolitis patients with a Hb value ≤ 10 gm/dL. Also, there was a significant negative correlation between Hb level and bronchiolitis severity (r :- 0.423, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the patients who had Hb value under 9.95 gm/dL had risk of more severe bronchiolitis with 73.7% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity than other patients. Conclusions: Anaemic infants are more susceptible to acute bronchiolits and as the degree of anaemia increases, they are more severely affected.

scholarly journals The relationship of the immature platelet fraction with the diagnosis and severity of acute bronchiolitis in children.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MURAT DOĞAN ◽  
MEHMET KOSE ◽  
Mehmet ÖZTÜRK ◽  
melih hangul ◽  
HÜMEYRA ASLANER
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Acute Bronchiolitis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Immature Platelet Fraction ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Relationship Of

Objective: Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common causes of hospitalization for children younger than 1 year. Although the prognosis for these children is generally good, the condition involves a risk of mortality. Here, we evaluate the immature platelet fraction (IPF) as a biomarker for the severity of acute bronchiolitis. Material and Methods: In total, 179 children who had been diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis were classified into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe bronchiolitis, and 80 healthy children were included as a control group. The diagnostic capacity of the IPF, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count (PLT) values to predict bronchiolitis was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their respective areas under the curves (AUCs) calculated with 95% confidence intervals. Results: Patients with acute bronchiolitis had a larger IPF than their healthy counterparts (p < 0.001). Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between the clinical severity of the disease and the IPF. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the IPF cut-off point for predicting acute bronchiolitis was >3.2%, with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 97%. Our results clearly demonstrate that the AUCs for IPF, MPV, PDW, WBC, and PLT were statistically significant for the bronchiolitis versus the control group. The AUC was greatest for the IPF. Conclusion: The IPF is a new marker for diagnosing and evaluating the clinical severity of acute bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Haematological Profile and Intensity of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Ghanaian Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Afrifa ◽  
Desmond Gyedu ◽  
Eric Ofori Gyamerah ◽  
Samuel Essien-Baidoo ◽  
Isaac Mensah-Essilfie
Keyword(s):  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Urogenital Schistosomiasis ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cell Percentage ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Relationship

Background. Urogenital schistosomiasis is a widely contracted parasitic helminth infection often associated with haematological abnormalities.Aim. We investigated the relationship between the haematological profile and the intensity of schistosomiasis among children in the Yeji district.Materials and Methods. A total of 100 participants comprising 50Schistosoma haematobium(S. haematobium) infected and 50 noninfected controls aged 6–17 years matched for age and sex were recruited into the study. Blood and urine samples were collected and haematological profile and presence ofS. haematobiumeggs were assessed using standard protocols.Results. Haemoglobin (HGB) (P<0.0001), haematocrit (HCT) (P<0.0001), mean cell volume (MCV) (P=0.0053), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) (P<0.0001), and mean cell haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P=0.005) levels were reduced in cases compared to controls. Mixed cell percentage (MXD) (P=0.018) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) (P=0.012) were significantly elevated among cases as compared to controls. Haematuria was a clinical characteristic of heavy infection.Conclusion.S. haematobiuminfection creates an imbalance in the haematological profile. We found low HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC levels coupled with increased % MXD count and RDW-CV. Also, low MCV, MCH, and MCHC and high % MXD count are independently associated withS. haematobiuminfection among our study participants.

scholarly journals Escherichia coli (O-types 111, 55 and 26) and their association with infantile diarrhoea. A five-year study

1957 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Irene Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Infantile Diarrhoea ◽  
The Public ◽  
Local Spread ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of Esch. coli 0.26, 0.55 and 0.111 to the incidence and spread of infantile gastro-enteritis in a defined area has been studied over a period of 5 years in the Public Health Laboratory, Southampton.In the main, the study was concerned with infants up to 1 year of age suffering from gastro-enteritis, and from this age group faecal specimens from 1234 individuals were examined for three sero-types of Esch. coli (0.55 and 0.111 from the autumn of 1949 until September 1954 and 0.26 from May 1953 until September 1954). Esch. coli O.111 was isolated from 66 infants of whom 56 had enteritis, type 0.55 from 159 infants of whom 126 had acute symptoms, and type 0.26 from 14 infants all but two of whom had enteritis.During widespread outbreaks there were sometimes multiple foci of infection. The determination of the H-antigen carried by the O sero-types showed, for instance, that the 0.55 outbreak in 1952 was almost entirely due to subtype 0.55 H.2, but that a second subtype 0.55 H.7 was also incriminated. Similarly, an 0.111 outbreak in 1953 was due to a mixture of two subtypes (0.111 H. 2 and 0.111 H. 12), but in 1954 the former subtype was not seen and only O. 111 H. 12 was identified.During epidemic times Esch. coli 0.55 was isolated from 37·2% of the infants examined, whereas in non-epidemic periods the figure was only 1·2%. In the case of type 0.111 the figureswere 26·9 and 1·4% respectively.Symptomless excreters were found throughout the period of the study and at all ages, but the proportion as compared with cases was significantly higher in children over 1 year of age. Nevertheless, there were several symptomless excreters less than 4 weeks old. While there was some evidence to suggest that the young child who was a symptomless excreter might be responsible for maintaining a low-grade infection in a community, there was no indication that the rare adult-carrier played any significant part in this.The specific types of these coliform organisms can survive for long periods outside the body. Naturally infected dust contained viable organisms 12 days after it was first found to be so contaminated; the dust was maintained in a cool shady room.There is great variety in the clinical severity of the disease as seen in comparable groups of infants, from a very grave illness to the very mildest of diarrhoeas. The very young and those with some other complicating illness are always at a greater risk.The pattern of the outbreaks as seen in this study suggests a gradual enhancement of virulence of the two main types of Esch. coli with local spread at first and then wide dispersal throughout the district followed by a reversion to the poorly invasive type.

scholarly journals 1304. Characterization of Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide Pharmacokinetics-Pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) in a Neutropenic Murine Acute Pyelonephritis (AP) Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S666-S666
Author(s):  
Brian D VanScoy ◽  
Steven Fikes ◽  
Christopher M Rubino ◽  
Sujata M Bhavnani ◽  
Nicole S Cotroneo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pyelonephritis ◽  
Free Drug ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Drug Plasma ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Tebipenem Pivoxil ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (tebipenem HBr), an orally (PO) bioavailable prodrug of tebipenem, is a carbapenem with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria that is being developed for the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections, including AP. Data from a one-compartment in vitro infection model demonstrated that the ratio of free-drug plasma area under the curve (AUC) to MIC with adjustment for dosing interval (τ) (AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ) was the PK-PD index most associated with tebipenem HBr efficacy [VanScoy BD et al., IDWeek 2019, Poster 1565]. Studies were undertaken to characterize the magnitude of tebipenem HBr free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ associated with efficacy for Enterobacteriaceae using a neutropenic murine AP model. Methods A single dose pharmacokinetic study was completed in neutropenic mice infected via intra-renal injection with 104 CFU/kidney of Escherichia coli NCTC 13441. Following PO administration of 4 tebipenem HBr doses (1, 15, 45 and 100 mg/kg), plasma samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours post-treatment initiation and drug concentrations were determined using LC/MS/MS. Dose-ranging studies were completed using a panel of 7 Enterobacteriaceae isolates (tebipenem HBr MIC values of 0.015 to 0.5 mg/L). Mice were infected with 104 CFU/kidney via intra-renal injection. Two hours post-incubation, 8 total daily tebipenem HBr doses (0.3 to 135 mg/kg) were fractionated into regimens given every 8 hours. The relationship between change in log10 CFU/g from baseline at 24 hours and free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ was fit using a Hill-type model. Free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ values associated with net bacterial stasis and 1- and 2-log10 CFU/g reductions from baseline at 24 hours were determined. Results The relationship between change in log10 CFU/g from baseline at 24 hours and tebipenem HBr free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ described the data well (r2 = 0.833). Free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ values associated with net bacterial stasis and a 1-log10 CFU/g reduction from baseline were 26.2 and 54.1, respectively. A 2-log10 CFU/g reduction was not achieved. Relationship between change in log10 CFU/g from baseline at 24 hours and tebipenem HBr free-drug plasma AUC:MIC ratio•1/τ based on data for a panel of Enterobacteriaceae isolates evaluated in the dose-ranging studies conducted using a neutropenic murine acute pyelonephritis model Conclusion These data will be useful to support tebipenem HBr dose selection for clinical studies in patients with AP. Disclosures Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc. (Employee)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support) Steven Fikes, BA, Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc. (Employee)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support) Christopher M. Rubino, PharMD, Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc. (Employee)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support) Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharMD, MS, FIDSA, Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc. (Employee)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support) Nicole S. Cotroneo, BS, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Thomas R. Parr, PhD, Spero Therapeutics (Employee, Shareholder) Paul G. Ambrose, PharMD, FIDSA, Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc. (Employee)Spero Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)

387 The moderating effect of emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between insomnia severity and bedtime procrastination

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A153-A154
Author(s):  
Huisu Jeon ◽  
Sonhye Jeoung ◽  
Goeun Kim ◽  
Hyeyoung An ◽  
Hyojin Nam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Active Regulation ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Bedtime Procrastination ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Introduction Bedtime Procrastination (BP) is defined as the behavior of going to bed later than intended, despite the absence of external factors. Bedtime procrastination is also prevalent among insomnia patients, and is associated with various sleep problems. Recent studies suggest emotional regulation as a mechanism of the procrastination behavior that is the conceptual foundation of bedtime procrastination. Emotional regulation difficulties are also associated with insomnia, but there is still a lack of research on the relationship between insomnia, emotional regulation strategies and bedtime procrastination. Thus, the study assumed that severity of insomnia would affect bedtime procrastination, and examined the moderating effect of the emotional regulation strategies in this relationship. Methods This study was conducted in 376 adults (mean age 23.73 ±2.14 years, 84.6% females). Participants were asked to answer Bedtime procrastination scale (BPS), an emotional regulation strategy checklist, and the Insomnia severity scale (ISI). Results As a result, a significant positive correlation was found between insomnia severity and bedtime procrastination (r=.286, p&lt;.01), and avoidant/distractive regulation style (r=.101, p&lt;.05). active regulation style (r=-.172, p&lt;.01) and support seeking regulation style (r=-.102, p&lt;.01) showed a significant negative correlation with the severity of insomnia. Bedtime procrastination behavior showed significant negative correlation only with active regulation style (r=-.151, p&lt;.01). Support seeking regulation style moderated the relationship between insomnia and bedtime procrastination behavior (B=.0165, 95%, CI=.0014, .0316). The interaction effect between insomnia and support seeking regulation style was also significant (∆R^2=.0112, p&lt;.05), indicating that the effect of insomnia on bedtime procrastination depends on the level of use of the support seeking regulation style. Conclusion These findings suggest that the level of support seeking regulation style is meaningful in terms of how insomnia affects bedtime procrastination. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2018S1A5A8026807)

scholarly journals The Role of Gut, Vaginal, and Urinary Microbiome in Urinary Tract Infections: From Bench to Bedside

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Tomislav Meštrović ◽  
Mario Matijašić ◽  
Mihaela Perić ◽  
Hana Čipčić Paljetak ◽  
Anja Barešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Urinary Microbiome ◽  
Important Field ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Paradigm

The current paradigm of urinary tract infection (UTI) pathogenesis takes into account the contamination of the periurethral space by specific uropathogens residing in the gut, which is followed by urethral colonization and pathogen ascension to the urinary bladder. Consequently, studying the relationship between gut microbiota and the subsequent development of bacteriuria and UTI represents an important field of research. However, the well-established diagnostic and therapeutic paradigm for urinary tract infections (UTIs) has come into question with the discovery of a multifaceted, symbiotic microbiome in the healthy urogenital tract. More specifically, emerging data suggest that vaginal dysbiosis may result in Escherichia coli colonization and prompt recurrent UTIs, while urinary microbiome perturbations may precede the development of UTIs and other pathologic conditions of the urinary system. The question is whether these findings can be exploited for risk reduction and treatment purposes. This review aimed to appraise the three aforementioned specific microbiomes regarding their potential influence on UTI development by focusing on the recent studies in the field and assessing the potential linkages between these different niches, as well as evaluating the state of translational research for novel therapeutic and preventative approaches.

scholarly journals Confounding influences of malnutrition and Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on haematological parameters in school children in Muyuka, Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Ule Ngole Sumbele ◽  
Ofon Vitalis Otia ◽  
Lorraine Francis ◽  
Orelien Sylvain Mtopi Bopda ◽  
Calvin Bisong Ebai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Schistosoma Haematobium ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Distribution Width

Abstract Background School-aged children (SAC) are a high-risk demographic group for infectious diseases and malnutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the burden and the effect of Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on the haematological indices in SAC and the confounding influence of malnutrition on the outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in SAC 4–14 years old living in Ikata, Bafia and Mile 14-Likoko in Muyuka, Cameroon. Anthropometric measures of malnutrition were obtained and blood samples collected were used for detection of malaria parasites by Giemsa-stained blood films using light microscopy and complete blood count analysis using an automated haematology analyser. Urine samples collected were used to detect micro haematuria with the aid of reagent strips and the eggs of S. haematobium by urine filtration technique. Multiple linear regression model was used to examine influence of independent variables on haematological parameters. Results Out of the 606 SAC examined, the prevalence of single infections with Plasmodium or S. haematobium and co-infection with both parasites was 16.2, 16.3 and 8.3%, respectively. Overall, malaria parasite (MP), urogenital schistosomiasis, malnutrition, anaemia, haematuria, microcytosis and thrombocytopenia was prevalent in 24.4, 24.6, 25.9, 74.4, 12.2, 45.4 and 11.1% of SAC, respectively. A significant linear decline (P = 0.023) in prevalence of P. falciparum infection with the severity of stunting was observed. Factors that significantly influenced haematological parameters included haemoglobin: age, stunting and MP; haematocrit: age and MP; white blood cell count: age; red blood cell count; age and MP; lymphocyte counts: stunting; mean cell volume: age; mean cell haemoglobin: age and stunting; mean cell haemoglobin concentration: sex, stunting and red cell distribution width-coefficient of variation: sex, age and stunting. Conclusions Malnutrition, Plasmodium and S. haematobium infections are common while anaemia is a severe public health problem in Muyuka, Cameroon. The interaction between haematological parameters with malaria parasites as well as linear growth index was negative and other interactions indicate systemic inflammation. While findings provide contextual intervention targets to ensure the judicious use of the limited resources, there is need for regular monitoring and proper treatment to improve the health of the underserved population.

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