scholarly journals Recovery of the type specimen of Avena breviaristata , an endemic Algerian grass species collected only once (1882): Morphology, taxonomy and botanical history

Taxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gabriel ◽  
Natalia Tkach ◽  
Martin Röser
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Botanical History

scholarly journals Recovery of the type specimen ofAvena breviaristata, an endemic Algerian grass species collected only once (1882): morphology, taxonomy and botanical history

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gabriel ◽  
Natalia Tkach ◽  
Martin Röser
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Intergeneric Hybridization ◽  
The North ◽  
Representative Species ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of

AbstractAvena breviaristata, collected only once (1882) in Algeria and never re-collected since, is a very mysterious grass species because unfortunately even the type specimen got lost 60--80 years ago. Morphological information on this species was thus based on a few published descriptions, which made it difficult, however, to correctly infer the genus affiliation of this morphologically odd species.Avena breviaristatabecame affiliated in the past with various oat-like genera (Avenula,Helictotrichon,Tricholemma). Due to the recent rediscovery of the type specimen at the P herbarium and the opportunity to study this specimen, we report here on the morphological characters ofA. breviaristataunderpinned by meaningful illustrations. They are discussed in comparison with the morphology of representative species of the above-mentioned genera. Uncommon characters of the spikelets (type of disarticulation of the rachilla, lemma structure, lodicules) and to some extent of the inflorescences, leaves and leaf sheaths support the inclusion ofA. breviaristatain the North African genusTricholemma. Considering biogeography,T. breviaristatumfrom the arid Hauts Plateaux in Algeria is a highly xeromorphic counterpart of the mesomorphic speciesT. jahandiezii, which is confined to higher altitudes of the rather humid Moyen Atlas in Morocco. This underlines the status ofTricholemmaas a relic endemic. Our morphological survey supports the classification ofAvenula(onlyA. pubescens) as separate fromHelictotrichons.str. andHelictochloa. Moreover, morphological evidence does not support an origin ofA. pubescensby intergeneric hybridization between the latter genera as hypothesized in some prior studies. Especially the glabrous palea, the special shape of the lodicules and the structure of the awn show no intermediacy. The complicated history of the type collection ofT. breviaristatumand the role of botanical authors are given.

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Human Red Blood Cells

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
A.J. Tousimis ◽  
T.R. Padden
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscope Slides ◽  
Scanning Electron

The size, shape and surface morphology of human erythrocytes (RBC) were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the fixed material directly and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of surface replicas to compare the relative merits of these two observational procedures for this type specimen.A sample of human blood was fixed in glutaraldehyde and washed in distilled water by centrifugation. The washed RBC's were spread on freshly cleaved mica and on aluminum coated microscope slides and then air dried at room temperature. The SEM specimens were rotary coated with 150Å of 60:40- gold:palladium alloy in a vacuum evaporator using a new combination spinning and tilting device. The TEM specimens were preshadowed with platinum and then rotary coated with carbon in the same device. After stripping the RBC-Pt-C composite film, the RBC's were dissolved in 2.5N HNO3 followed by 0.2N NaOH leaving the preshadowed surface replicas showing positive topography.

Formation of botanical composition of clover cereal and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses depending on sowing method

2020 ◽  
pp. 160-168
Author(s):  
I. Senyk
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Adverse Weather

Botanical composition of grasses is one of the most important indicators the biological value and quality of the obtained hay and pasture forage, the longevity of hayfi elds and pastures depend on. The issue of changing the botanical composition of agrophytocenoses is especially important in the context of global climate change, which in recent decades is also manifested in the territory of Ukraine, as it is possible to establish the most adapted species of legumes and cereals to adverse weather conditions and to identify eff ective technological methods of managing these processes for maximum conservation economically valuable species in the herbage. The purpose of the research is to establish the infl uence of diff erent ways of sowing of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses on the formation of their botanical composition. Field studies have established diff erent eff ects of conventional in-line, cross-section and cross-sectional methods of sowing on the formation of botanical composition of grass mixtures of clover meadow (Trifolium pratense) varieties Sparta and Pavlyna with timothy meadow (Phleum pratense) and fenugreek multifl oral (Lolium multifl orum) and of agrophytocenoses of alfalfa of Sinyukha and Seraphima sowing varieties with reed fire (Festuca arundinacea Schreb) and middle wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia). For the average of four years of life of clover and alfalfa cereal crops agrophytocenoses, the highest proportion of legume component was observed with split-cross sowing – 51.6 % for Sparta, 53.1 % for Pavlyna, 60.3 % for Seraphima and 61.6 % for the Sinyukha variety. In the fourth year of life (the third year of use) of sowed leguminous-cereals agrophytocenoses, the preservation of the legume component was 14.6–15.5 % in clover-cereals grass mixtures with the Sparta variety and 16.0–16.8 % with the Pavlyna variety. In alfalfa grasslands, these indicators were 54.0–55.1 % with Seraphim and 55.0–56.2 % with Sinyukha. Among the studied varieties of clover meadow and alfalfa sowing proved better in the conditions of the Forest Steppe of western Pavlyna and Sinyukha. Cross-sectional and divided cross-sectional sowing of legumes and cereals mixtures proved to be better compared to conventional row crops in terms of conservation of economically valuable grass species. Key words: agrophytocenosis, botanical composition, clover meadow, alfalfa sowing, sowing methods.

Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov. (Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae), a new myxosporean infecting the gallbladder of threadfin sea catfish Arius arius in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 83-97
Author(s):  
A Chandran ◽  
PU Zacharia ◽  
TV Sathianandan ◽  
NK Sanil
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Ssu Rdna ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Present Species ◽  
Epithelial Layer ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Mucus Production ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
A New Species

The present study describes a new species of myxosporean, Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov., infecting the gallbladder of the threadfin sea catfish Arius arius (Hamilton, 1822). E. ariusi sp. nov. is characterized by bivalvular, ellipsoid or elongate-oval myxospores with smooth spore valves and a straight suture, arranged at an angle to the longitudinal spore axis. Mature myxospores measured 10.1 ± 0.8 µm in length, 6.8 ± 0.5 µm in width and 7.7 ± 0.7 µm in thickness. Polar capsules are equal in size and oval to pyriform in shape. They are positioned at an angle to the longitudinal myxospore axis and open in opposite directions. Polar capsules measured 2.8 ± 0.3 µm in length and 2.5 ± 0.4 µm in width; polar filaments formed 4-5 coils, and extended to 32.2 ± 2.1 µm in length. Monosporic and disporic plasmodial stages attached to the wall of gallbladder. Molecular analysis of the type specimen generated a 1703 bp partial SSU rDNA sequence (MN892546), which was identical to the isolates from 3 other locations. In phylogenetic analyses, genus Ellipsomyxa appeared monophyletic and E. ariusi sp. nov. occupied an independent position in maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees with high bootstrap values. The overall prevalence of infection was 54.8% and multiway ANOVA revealed that it varied significantly with location, year, season, sex and size of the fish host. Histopathological changes associated with E. ariusi sp. nov. infection included swelling, vacuolation and detachment of epithelial layer, reduced mucus production and altered consistency and colour of bile. Based on the morphologic, morphometric and molecular differences with known species of Ellipsomyxa, and considering differences in host and geographic locations, the present species is treated as new and the name Ellipsomyxa ariusi sp. nov. is proposed.

MANAGEMENT OF NEW CULTIVARS FOR DRYLAND

1983 ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Lancashire ◽  
J.L. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Grazing Management ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Seasonally Dry ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
New Cultivars

Some characteristics of seed quality, establishment rates, performance in mixtures and response to grazing management of 5 new pasture plants with potential in dryland are described. On a dry hill country site in the Wairarapa, the contribution of the sown grasses established in separate plots with clovers under rotational grazing was 'Grasslands Wana' cocksfoot 65%; 'Grasslands Maru' phalaris 23%; 'Grasslands Matua' prairie grass 22%; and 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue 13% after 2 years. The other main grass species was resident perennial ryegrass which established from buried seed (ca. 240 plants/m*) and had a major impact on the establishment and growth of the sown grasses. On a seasonally dry Manawatu flat land soil 3 grazing managementsviz. set stocked all year (S); rotational all year (R); and combination (Cl (set stocked from lambing to drafting and rotational for the remainder of the year) were applied to mixtures of the new cultivars (except that 'Grasslands Apanui' cocksfoot replaced Wana) with ryegrass and white clover stocked at 20 sheep/ha. After 3 years the contribution of the new cultivars was negligible under S and ryegrass was dominant. The R pastures became cocksfoot dominant and Matua (in winter) and chicory (in summer) contributed more than in the S system. The C system produced the most evenly balanced species contribution with only Roa remaining at (5%. A sub-trial with cocksfoot cultivars demonstrated that Wana maintained better production and tiller density ~ll,000/m2 ) than Apanui (1000/m' ) under set stocking IS). Although some of the new cultivars will require specialised management procedures to fulfil their potential in dryland, the increasing and widespread use of Matua prairie grass in farming suggests that these techniques can be adopted in commercial agriculture provided good technical information is available in a management package when the cultivar is released. Keywords: Dryland, grazing management, mixtures, Matua prairie grass, Wana cocksfoot, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Chicory

An annotated checklist of mesoplodont whale species (Cetacea, Ziphiidae) discovered during the nineteenth century

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. H. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Beaked Whale ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Annotated Checklist

Eight species of mesoplodont whales (genus Mesoplodon Gervais, 1850) named during the nineteenth century are based on valid descriptions. A checklist with the original description and type material for each of these species is provided. Additional data given may include type locality and illustrative sources, type material holding institution and type registration number(s). The only type specimen for which a record of external morphology was published relates to the 1803 stranding of Sowerby's beaked whale (Mesoplodon bidens).

Archibald Menzies's visit to Isla del Coco, January 1795

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Charles Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Type Specimen ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Scientific Collections

Archibald Menzies landed twice at Chatham Bay, Isla del Coco, in January 1795. A small number of his herbarium specimens are extant, including the type specimen of Callicosta rugifolium (Bryophyta; Daltoniaceae) and perhaps also that of Octoea insularis (Angiospermae; Lauraceae), indicating that he was probably the first to make scientific collections on the island.

Adam Zalužanský’s “De sexu plantarum” (1592): an early pioneering chapter on plant sexuality

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Funk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
English Translation ◽  
History Of Botany ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Botanical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
First Time

In the history of botany, Adam Zalužanský (d. 1613), a Bohemian physician, apothecary, botanist and professor at the University of Prague, is a little-known personality. Linnaeus's first biographers, for example, only knew Zalužanský from hearsay and suspected he was a native of Poland. This ignorance still pervades botanical history. Zalužanský is mentioned only peripherally or not at all. As late as the nineteenth century, a researcher would be unaware that Zalužanský’s main work Methodi herbariae libri tres actually existed in two editions from two different publishers (1592, Prague; 1604, Frankfurt). This paper introduces the life and work of Zalužanský. Special attention is paid to the chapter “De sexu plantarum” of Zalužanský’s Methodus, in which, more than one hundred years before the well-known De sexu plantarum epistola of R. J. Camerarius, the sexuality of plants is suggested. Additionally, for the first time, an English translation of Zalužanský’s chapter on plant sexuality is provided.

RARE GRASS SPECIES (POACEAE) IN THE FLORA OF PRIMORYE TERRITORY

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Species

ON CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN THE GRASS FAMILY (POACEAE) IN RUSSIA, WITH SPECIAL ATTENTION TO THE FAR EAST

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 29-64
Author(s):  
N.S. Probatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Grass Family ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Far East

The paper summarizes information on chromosome numbers (CNs) of the Grass species (Poaceae) in the flora of Russian Federation, obtained on the original material, most part - from the Russian Far East (RFE). In some species the CNs are known in Russia or in the world only from RFE, in some – from one locality or few, or from one subregion of RFE. The grass species in RFE often occur in mountain regions and near seacoasts; some species are endemics, some were studied near the limits of their geographical distribution areas. The diversity of CNs, the special features of the CNs distribution in some grass groups are discussed. The alien species are abundant in RFE, and their CNs are also involved in the study. For karyologically polymorphous species further studies are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document