Concentrations of essential and nonessential elements in shoots and storage roots of carrot grown in NaCl and Na2SO4salinity

Studies were conducted in North Carolina to determine the effect of holding durations (HDs) [0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days before planting (DBP)] of ‘Covington’ sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) transplants on plant stand and storage root numbers and yield in production fields. In a second field study, the effect of preplant irrigation (PI) treatments (PI and nonirrigation) were evaluated along with the transplant HD on plant stand, storage root numbers, and yield. Transplants held for 7 DBP did not survive as well as the other treatments (lower plant stands) and had lower no. 1, marketable, and total storage root numbers and yields than other holding treatments. HD of 1 or 3 DBP resulted in higher plant stands, and no. 1, marketable, and total numbers of storage roots and yields than holding for 0, 5, or 7 DBP. This study affirms the importance of soil moisture at and shortly after planting for transplant survival and yield. Holding transplants for 1–3 DBP can improve stand establishment and yields when dry conditions occur either before or soon after planting. However, holding transplants for 7 DBP can result in reduced plant stands and yields when stress/dry conditions occur soon after planting.

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Characterization of Isolates of Fusarium spp. Obtained from Asparagus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-90-1441 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 90 (11) ◽

pp. 1441-1451 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

C. Corpas-Hervias ◽

J. M. Melero-Vara ◽

M. L. Molinero-Ruiz ◽

C. Zurera-Muñoz ◽

M. J. Basallote-Ureba

Keyword(s):

Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽

Fusarium Species ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Microbial Analysis ◽

And Storage

Microbial analysis of asparagus plants (Asparagus officinalis) obtained from four nurseries in Spain in 2002 to 2003 indicated high frequencies of Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. moniliforme in the rhizomes and storage roots. Out of 201 isolates of Fusarium obtained from nursery crowns and from plants sampled in nine established asparagus fields, the highest frequency of highly pathogenic isolates was observed from samples collected from fields, and included some extremely virulent isolates of F. solani. For isolates of low to moderate virulence, the percentage of those significantly (P = 0.01) associated with root dry weight loss was larger for F. proliferatum (53.8%) than for the other Fusarium species (10.3 to 23.1%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 19 isolates of Fusarium spp. grouped all F. proliferatum and F. moniliforme isolates together and, in a second cluster, five of the eight isolates of F. oxysporum. Asparagus cultivars Verde-Morado and Dariana were the least susceptible of 11 cultivars commonly grown in Spain; isolates of F. solani and F. moniliforme proved highly virulent; and a significant interaction was observed among pathogen isolates and asparagus cultivars when representative pathogenic isolates of F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, and F. solani were tested on those cultivars. Larger reductions in root dry weight were associated with F. proliferatum and F. solani than with F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme, and differences in root and stem dry weights among cultivars were significant.

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BORON APPLICATION TIMING AND RATE ON BLISTER-LIKE SYMPTOMS IN `HERNANDEZ'

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.5.760g ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (5) ◽

pp. 760g-761

Author(s):

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

Dennis E. Adams

Keyword(s):

Foliar Application ◽

Block Design ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Application Timing ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Good Yielding ◽

And Storage

Boron has been used to overcome the disorder blister in varieties such as `Jewel'. `Hernandez' is an attractive, good-yielding variety with uniform shape that will consistently pack out at 80% to 90%. Over time in storage, however, roots develop blister-like symptoms, rendering roots unmarketable for fresh market. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of different B rates and application times on the yield and quality of `Hernandez' roots. Rates were varied up to 2.24 kg actual B/ha 6 days after planting, while various soil and foliar application times (6, 34, and 69 days after planting) were evaluated at 1.12 kg·ha–1. In 1994, three row plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated four times. Planting was on a deep sand to maximize the effect of the B carrier Solubor. Roots were harvested, graded, and weighed 120 days after planting and storage roots evaluated for blister-like symptoms in Mar. 1995. No significant differences in yield were attributed to B rate or application method. Blister-like symptoms were more severe when no B was applied; however, application of B did not eliminate symptoms, as most roots had the blister-like appearance. Boron application did not solve the problem, but symptoms were less apparent when some B was applied.

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Incidence of End Rots and Internal Necrosis in Sweetpotato Is Affected by Cultivar, Curing, and Ethephon Defoliation

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.23.6.886 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 886-897 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Christopher A. Clark ◽

Washington L. da Silva ◽

Ramón A. Arancibia ◽

Jeff L. Main ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Breeding Line ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Postharvest Storage ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Multiple Environments ◽

Internal Necrosis ◽

Production Areas ◽

And Storage

Two distinct syndromes have emerged in some production areas that have caused losses of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) storage roots during postharvest storage: a complex of fungal rots (end rots) progressing from either end of storage roots and a necrotic reaction (internal necrosis) progressing internally from the proximal end of storage roots. This study was conducted in multiple environments to evaluate whether the use of preharvest ethephon application and storage with or without curing after harvest could be used to screen sweetpotato breeding lines for susceptibility/resistance to these two disorders. Treating vines with ethephon 2 weeks before harvest and placing harvested roots directly into storage at 60 °F without curing resulted in the greatest incidence of end rots in each state and there were significant differences in incidence among the sweetpotato genotypes evaluated. However, when ethephon was not used and roots were cured immediately after harvest, the incidence of end rots was low in all the genotypes evaluated except for one breeding line. Incidence and severity of internal necrosis were greatest when ethephon was applied preharvest and roots were cured immediately after harvest, but two cultivars, Hatteras and Covington, had significantly more internal necrosis than all others.

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Yield, Quality and Physiological Traits of Red Beet Under Different Magnesium Nutrition and Light Intensity Levels

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9070379 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 379

Author(s):

Sara D’Egidio ◽

Angelica Galieni ◽

Fabio Stagnari ◽

Giancarlo Pagnani ◽

Michele Pisante

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Light Reduction ◽

Red Beet ◽

Application Rates ◽

And Storage

The effects of light intensity and Magnesium (Mg) supply on quality traits, yield and macronutrient assimilation of red beet plants were studied in two greenhouse experiments (in 2017 and 2018). According to a split-plot design, we compared two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels (100% PAR, Full Light, FL and 50% PAR, Light Reduction, LR) as the main factor and three Mg application rates (0, 30, and 60 kg Mg ha−1: MG_0, MG_30 and MG_60, respectively) as the secondary factor. Yield and dry matter accumulations were principally affected by Mg. In both growing seasons, storage root dry weight (DW) increased about 5-fold in MG_60 with respect to MG_0; the highest leaves DW was achieved with the “LR × MG_60” treatment. Nitrogen and Mg contents in leaves and storage roots increased as Mg availability increased; also, the highest chlorophyll content was obtained combining LR and a high Mg rate. Moreover, the reflectance-derivative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI670) and Chlorophyll Index (CI) allowed for discriminating the Mg sub-optimal supply in red beet plants. Sucrose was found to be the most abundant sugar in both the leaves and storage organs and was affected by Mg supply. Total phenolic content and betalains in storage roots at harvest were affected by both PAR and Mg application rates. Our results highlight the potential of Mg nutrition in ensuring good yield and quality of red beet crops.

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Effects of Halosulfuron POST on Sweetpotato Yield and Storage Root Quality

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-d-11-00175.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 113-116 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter J. Dittmar ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis

Keyword(s):

Total Yield ◽

Field Studies ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

And Storage ◽

External Injury ◽

Root Quality

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron at 0, 13, 26, 39 or 52 g ha−1 applied 10, 22, and 31 d after planting (DAP) on ‘Beauregard' and ‘Covington' sweetpotato. Storage roots were harvested, graded, cured, and stored in controlled environment for 2 mo. Where injury on storage roots was observed, external injury occurred on the surface of the storage root as a blackened area with blistering and internal injury consisted of small red-brown spots inside the sweetpotato storage root. Total yield of sweetpotato with 13 g ha−1 halosulfuron treatment (155,157 kg ha−1) was similar to the nontreated check (162,002 kg ha−1). However, halosulfuron rates above 13 g ha−1 resulted in a reduction of marketable grade roots and total yield of sweetpotato. Regardless of rate and timing of halosulfuron, external and internal injury to Beauregard storage roots was less than 6 and 9%, respectively. No external injury to Covington was observed from all rates of halosulfuron applied POST at 10 DAP. Halosulfuron at 22 DAP to Covington caused greater external injury to storage roots than was observed on the nontreated. Thus, Beauregard appears more tolerant to halosulfuron POST than Covington. To minimize internal or external injury to storage roots of Covington, halosulfuron must be applied within 10 DAP.

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Transgenic sweet potato expressing thionin from barley gives resistance to black rot disease caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata in leaves and storage roots

Plant Cell Reports ◽

10.1007/s00299-011-1217-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 31 (6) ◽

pp. 987-997 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Nobuhiko Muramoto ◽

Tomoko Tanaka ◽

Takashi Shimamura ◽

Norihiro Mitsukawa ◽

Etsuko Hori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Black Rot ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Ceratocystis Fimbriata ◽

Rot Disease ◽

And Storage

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Quantitative Evaluation of Macro-Nutrient Uptake by Cassava in a Tropical Savanna Climate

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11121199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1199

Author(s):

Anon Janket ◽

Nimitr Vorasoot ◽

Banyong Toomsan ◽

Wanwipa Kaewpradit ◽

Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Block Design ◽

Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Storage Roots ◽

Planting Dates ◽

Nutrient Use ◽

Cassava Production ◽

And Storage

Matching fertilization with crop needs is important for maximizing yields and reducing fertilizer losses. Seasonal variation in nutrient uptake dynamics is poorly understood and thus, the ability to optimize fertilization strategies is limited. This study aims to investigate the effects of planting dates on macronutrient uptake dynamics in cassava genotypes with full irrigation. The performance of cassava genotypes, i.e., CMR38-125-77, Kasetsart 50 and Rayong 11, were evaluated in the early rainy (ERS) and post rainy seasons (PRS) for two years using a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The plants were harvested at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. Planting dates had significant effects on the accumulation of dry matter and storage roots as well as nutrient uptakes and partitioning. On average, the total nutrient uptake per plant to produce 2831–3279 g of biomass with 1244–1810 g of storage roots in the ERS varied among cassava genotypes, ranging from 21.1–24.3 g N, 5.1–5.9 g P, 26.5–29.5 g K, 14.1–22.2 g Ca, 6.1–7.6 g Mg and 2.0–2.3 g S. The total nutrient uptake per plant to produce 3353–3824 g of biomass with 1604–2253 g of storage roots in the PRS ranged from 27.1–32.4 g N, 5.2–6.0 g P, 29.1–31.3 g K, 11.9–20.3 g Ca, 7.3–9.9 g Mg and 1.2–1.5 g S. In the ERS, the majority of the total nutrient uptake occurred at the early growth stages, whereas in the PRS, this occurred at the mid- to late growth stages. At final harvest, the percentages of nutrient removal by the storage roots for ERS were 24.7–36.0% N, 26.0–32.3% P, 43.4–51.5% K, 12.4–17.6% Ca, 22.2–31.5% Mg and 27.2–31.5% S, whereas in the PRS the percentages were 30.4–44.4% N, 33.3–41.6% P, 44.7–57.3% K, 12.0–15.1% Ca, 20.2–28.1% Mg and 12.0–25.4% S. CMR38-125-77 exhibited satisfactory performance in nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency and storage roots yield across the planting dates. The evidence obtained from this study would greatly facilitate more efficient adoption of precision agriculture in cassava production by applying recommended fertilizers, e.g., rates, kinds and timings, according to crop demand in each growing season in Thailand and for choosing superior cassava genotypes.

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Cold Acclimation Attributes of Two Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Patterns of Fern Senescence

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.136.3.177 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 136 (3) ◽

pp. 177-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Erik J. Landry ◽

David J. Wolyn

Keyword(s):

Cold Acclimation ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Sampling Period ◽

Asparagus Officinalis ◽

Cultivar Differences ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Storage Root ◽

Storage Roots ◽

And Storage

Adequate winterhardiness is crucial for yield stability of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars in southern Ontario, Canada, and could be influenced by pattern of the fall fern senescence. Fern of cultivar Guelph Millennium (GM) turns yellow or senesces by mid-October, before that of cultivar Jersey Giant (JG), which often remains green until a killing frost. Early fern senescence could be a signal for cold acclimation competency and consequently winterhardiness, explaining the superior stand longevity and yield observed for GM compared with JG. A field experiment was conducted from mid-August to November to measure physiological parameters related to cold acclimation in fern, rhizome, and storage roots. During fall, fern chlorophyll concentration, rhizome nitrogen concentration, percent water of the crown, and storage root LT50 (temperature at which 50% cell death occurs) decreased. Cultivars did not differ for storage root percent water; however, values were smaller (greater dehydration) for GM than JG in the rhizome. At the end of the sampling period, GM had higher and lower concentrations of rhizome low-molecular-weight, non-structural carbohydrates and sucrose, respectively, than JG, which could support a hypothesis of greater winterhardiness in GM. Storage root LT50 values of –19 °C and the lack of cultivar differences for this trait, in conjunction with differences between GM and JG for rhizome traits thought to be important for freezing tolerance, suggest characteristics of the rhizome in conjunction with timing of fern senescence may be important in cold acclimation of asparagus.

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