scholarly journals Characterization of Isolates of Fusarium spp. Obtained from Asparagus in Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 1441-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corpas-Hervias ◽  
J. M. Melero-Vara ◽  
M. L. Molinero-Ruiz ◽  
C. Zurera-Muñoz ◽  
M. J. Basallote-Ureba
Keyword(s):  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
And Storage

Microbial analysis of asparagus plants (Asparagus officinalis) obtained from four nurseries in Spain in 2002 to 2003 indicated high frequencies of Fusarium proliferatum, F. oxysporum, and F. moniliforme in the rhizomes and storage roots. Out of 201 isolates of Fusarium obtained from nursery crowns and from plants sampled in nine established asparagus fields, the highest frequency of highly pathogenic isolates was observed from samples collected from fields, and included some extremely virulent isolates of F. solani. For isolates of low to moderate virulence, the percentage of those significantly (P = 0.01) associated with root dry weight loss was larger for F. proliferatum (53.8%) than for the other Fusarium species (10.3 to 23.1%). Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of 19 isolates of Fusarium spp. grouped all F. proliferatum and F. moniliforme isolates together and, in a second cluster, five of the eight isolates of F. oxysporum. Asparagus cultivars Verde-Morado and Dariana were the least susceptible of 11 cultivars commonly grown in Spain; isolates of F. solani and F. moniliforme proved highly virulent; and a significant interaction was observed among pathogen isolates and asparagus cultivars when representative pathogenic isolates of F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme, and F. solani were tested on those cultivars. Larger reductions in root dry weight were associated with F. proliferatum and F. solani than with F. oxysporum and F. moniliforme, and differences in root and stem dry weights among cultivars were significant.

scholarly journals Partial characterization of toxigenic Fusarium

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Leroosha Govender
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Enzyme Production ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Partial Characterization

Various methods have been developed for the analysis of Fusarium and its toxins. Advances in molecular biology can lead to efficient characterization of this group of fungi. This study was undertaken to examine random amplified polymorphic DNA, volatile compound production and hydrolytic enzyme production by 19 Fusarial isolates. These techniques were employed to assess their abilities in differentiating Fusarium species and F. verticillioides strains and extending the analysis to discriminate toxin producing capabilities amongst these fungi

scholarly journals The occurrence of Fusarium species in white spears of Asparagus officinalis

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 12559
Author(s):  
Roman ANDRZEJAK ◽  
Beata JANOWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Disease Symptoms

The aim of the study was to determine the species composition of fungi of the Fusarium genus found on white Asparagus officinalis spears, depending on the presence or absence of disease symptoms, age of the plantation, date of harvest and the place from which samples were collected for mycological analysis. Additionally, the pathogenicity of selected Fusarium spp. isolates was determined. A. officinalis L. was cultivated for white spears. The research was conducted on the German dioecious cultivar ‘Eposs’. Samples of A. officinalis spears for tests were collected from two plantations. Six species of fungi of the Fusarium genus were identified in the asparagus spears: F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, and F. fujikuroi. Among the Fusarium species colonizing Asparagus officinalis the greatest threat is F. oxysporum. Always there are more isolates in the spears with the symptoms, in epidermis. The late harvest date favors the development of fusariosis. This means that the spears harvested at the latest date (late June) are the most heavily colonised by fungi. The isolates of fungi of the Fusarium genus collected from the spears exhibit pathogenicity against A. officinalis plants.

scholarly journals Yield, Quality and Physiological Traits of Red Beet Under Different Magnesium Nutrition and Light Intensity Levels

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Sara D’Egidio ◽  
Angelica Galieni ◽  
Fabio Stagnari ◽  
Giancarlo Pagnani ◽  
Michele Pisante
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
And Storage

The effects of light intensity and Magnesium (Mg) supply on quality traits, yield and macronutrient assimilation of red beet plants were studied in two greenhouse experiments (in 2017 and 2018). According to a split-plot design, we compared two photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) levels (100% PAR, Full Light, FL and 50% PAR, Light Reduction, LR) as the main factor and three Mg application rates (0, 30, and 60 kg Mg ha−1: MG_0, MG_30 and MG_60, respectively) as the secondary factor. Yield and dry matter accumulations were principally affected by Mg. In both growing seasons, storage root dry weight (DW) increased about 5-fold in MG_60 with respect to MG_0; the highest leaves DW was achieved with the “LR × MG_60” treatment. Nitrogen and Mg contents in leaves and storage roots increased as Mg availability increased; also, the highest chlorophyll content was obtained combining LR and a high Mg rate. Moreover, the reflectance-derivative Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI670) and Chlorophyll Index (CI) allowed for discriminating the Mg sub-optimal supply in red beet plants. Sucrose was found to be the most abundant sugar in both the leaves and storage organs and was affected by Mg supply. Total phenolic content and betalains in storage roots at harvest were affected by both PAR and Mg application rates. Our results highlight the potential of Mg nutrition in ensuring good yield and quality of red beet crops.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Characterization of a Phytophthora sp. Pathogenic to Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) in Michigan

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Saude ◽  
O. P. Hurtado-Gonzales ◽  
K. H. Lamour ◽  
M. K. Hausbeck
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Clonal Lineage ◽  
Storage Roots

A homothallic Phytophthora sp. was recovered from asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) spears, storage roots, crowns, and stems in northwest and central Michigan in 2004 and 2005. Isolates (n = 131) produced ovoid, nonpapillate, noncaducous sporangia 45 μm long × 26 μm wide and amphigynous oospores of 25 to 30 μm diameter. Mycelial growth was optimum at 25°C with no growth at 5 and 30°C. All isolates were sensitive to 100 ppm mefenoxam. Pathogenicity studies confirmed the ability of the isolates to infect asparagus as well as cucurbits. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of 99 isolates revealed identical fingerprints, with 12 clearly resolved fragments present and no clearly resolved polymorphic fragments, suggesting a single clonal lineage. The internal transcribed spacer regions of representative isolates were homologous with a Phytophthora sp. isolated from diseased asparagus in France and a Phytophthora sp. from agave in Australia. Phylogenetic analysis supports the conclusion that the Phytophthora sp. isolated from asparagus in Michigan is a distinct species, and has been named Phytophthora asparagi.

scholarly journals Cold Acclimation Attributes of Two Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Patterns of Fern Senescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Landry ◽  
David J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
And Storage

Adequate winterhardiness is crucial for yield stability of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars in southern Ontario, Canada, and could be influenced by pattern of the fall fern senescence. Fern of cultivar Guelph Millennium (GM) turns yellow or senesces by mid-October, before that of cultivar Jersey Giant (JG), which often remains green until a killing frost. Early fern senescence could be a signal for cold acclimation competency and consequently winterhardiness, explaining the superior stand longevity and yield observed for GM compared with JG. A field experiment was conducted from mid-August to November to measure physiological parameters related to cold acclimation in fern, rhizome, and storage roots. During fall, fern chlorophyll concentration, rhizome nitrogen concentration, percent water of the crown, and storage root LT50 (temperature at which 50% cell death occurs) decreased. Cultivars did not differ for storage root percent water; however, values were smaller (greater dehydration) for GM than JG in the rhizome. At the end of the sampling period, GM had higher and lower concentrations of rhizome low-molecular-weight, non-structural carbohydrates and sucrose, respectively, than JG, which could support a hypothesis of greater winterhardiness in GM. Storage root LT50 values of –19 °C and the lack of cultivar differences for this trait, in conjunction with differences between GM and JG for rhizome traits thought to be important for freezing tolerance, suggest characteristics of the rhizome in conjunction with timing of fern senescence may be important in cold acclimation of asparagus.

scholarly journals Distribution of Rutin and Protodioscin in Different Tissue Parts of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1921-1924
Author(s):  
Satoru Motoki ◽  
Tianli Tang ◽  
Takumi Taguchi ◽  
Ayaka Kato ◽  
Hiromi Ikeura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Different Parts

Asparagus is a popular vegetable rich in healthy functional components. Asparagus spears are known to contain a large amount of rutin, which has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antibacterial/viral properties, and protodioscin, which is an antitumor substance and present in the bottom parts (8 cm from the cut end). However, the process of its production leaves fern in the aboveground parts and roots in the underground parts as significant amounts of nonusable parts, and this issue should be solved. This study was conducted to examine the distributions of rutin and protodioscin, representative functional components in different parts of asparagus. The results suggested that large amounts of rutin were noted in the cladophylls and storage roots (brown and epidermis), and the protodioscin content was high in the buds, the soil-covered section of the spear, and the rhizome. A significant amount of rutin was detected in the aboveground parts, which is consistent with the results of previous studies, but it was also found in the storage roots. The largest amount of protodioscin was found in the buds, as well as in young fruits and seeds of the aboveground parts. Injury by continuously cropping asparagus may be associated with high rutin content in the storage roots of asparagus.

IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF Fusarium spp. FROM MUSKMELON IN NORTHWEST MEXICO

Biotecnia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Rivas Garcia ◽  
Luis Guillermo Hernandez Montiel ◽  
Bernardo Murillo Amador ◽  
Alejandra Nieto Garibay ◽  
Roberto Gregorio Chiquito Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Proliferatum ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Northwest Mexico ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is a primary crop of Mexico. Nevertheless, the fruit has a high susceptibility to postharvest fungal diseases. Fusarium species are one of the main causes of diseases that limit production of muskmelon. The objective of this study was to characterize and identify by taxonomic keys and molecular markers species of Fusarium related to rot of muskmelon var. Reticulatus in Northwest Mexico. To identify the causative agent, fruits were collectedm from cultivated fields. The isolated fungi were inoculated on muskmelon to determine its pathogenicity. Morphological analyses as well as molecular techniques confirmed that the pathogen was the fungus Fusarium proliferatum.

scholarly journals Extended Utilization of Constraint-Based Metabolic Model in a Long-Growing Crop

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Porntip Chiewchankaset ◽  
Saowalak Kalapanulak ◽  
Treenut Saithong
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Flux Distribution ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Sucrose Uptake ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Root Growth Rate

The constraint-based rMeCBM-KU50 model of cassava storage root growth was analyzed to evaluate its sensitivity, with respect to reaction flux distribution and storage root growth rate, to changes in model inputted data and constraints, including sucrose uptake rate-related data—photosynthetic rate, total leaf area, total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and biomass function-related data. These mainly varied within ±90% of the model default values, although exceptions were made for the carbohydrate (−90% to 8%) and starch (−90% to 9%) contents. The results indicated that the predicted storage root growth rate was highly affected by specific sucrose uptake rates through the total photosynthetic rate and storage root dry weight variations; whereas the carbon flux distribution, direction and partitioning inclusive, was more sensitive to the variation in biomass content, particularly the carbohydrate content. This study showed that the specific sucrose uptake rate based on the total photosynthetic rate, storage root dry weight, and carbohydrate content were critical to the constraint-based metabolic modeling and deepened our understanding of the input–output relationship—specifically regarding the rMeCBM-KU50 model—providing a valuable platform for the modeling of plant metabolic systems, especially long-growing crops.

scholarly journals The Impact of Seasonal Environments in a Tropical Savanna Climate on Forking, Leaf Area Index, and Biomass of Cassava Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanupong Phoncharoen ◽  
Poramate Banterng ◽  
Nimitr Vorasoot ◽  
Sanun Jogloy ◽  
Piyada Theerakulpisut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Information on the forking, leaf area index, and biomass of cassava for different growing seasons could help design appropriate management to improve yield. The objective was to evaluate the forking date, leaf growth, and storage root yield of different cassava genotypes grown at different planting dates. Four cassava genotypes (Kasetsart 50, Rayong 9, Rayong 11, and CMR38–125–77) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with four replications. The cassava genotypes were planted on 20 April, 25 May, 30 June, 5 October, 10 November, and 15 December 2015, and 19 May and 3 November 2016. The soil properties prior to the planting, forking date, leaf area index (LAI), dry weights, harvest index (HI), starch content, and weather data were recorded. The forking date patterns for all of the growing seasons varied depending on the cassava genotypes. The weather caused occurring in the first forking for the Rayong 11 and CMR38–125–77 and the second forking for Rayong 11, but not for Kasetsart 50. The forking CMR38–125–77 had a higher LAI, leaf dry weight, biomass, and storage root dry weight than the non-forking Rayong 9. The higher storage root yields in Rayong 9 compared with Rayong 11 were due to an increased partitioning of the storage roots.

scholarly journals Shoot and Root Characterization of Rudbeckia hirta L. Mowed at Different Heights

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1247-1248
Author(s):  
Amy L. Neigebauer ◽  
Garald L. Horst ◽  
Donald H. Steinegger ◽  
Greg L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rudbeckia Hirta ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Sod Production

Significant research has been conducted on wildflower sod, but the reasoning behind the production system methods is not clear. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of mowing height on the subsequent leaf growth and root biomass distribution in a wildflower sod production system. Rudbeckia hirta was grown in sand in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes in simulating field conditions. Plants were either not mowed (control) or hand-clipped to 5.1, 7.6, or 10.2 cm to simulate mowing. After the initial mowing, plants were mowed at ≈7-day intervals. Total root depth, number of root axes in the top 2.5 cm, root: shoot ratio, total root dry weight, and root dry weight at depths of 0.0-2.5, 2.5-21.7, 21.7-40.8, and 40.8-60.0 cm were measured at the end of the study. Comparing the total root dry weight of all segments indicates that mowing significantly reduces root biomass. As mowing height increased, the depth of longest root increased linearly. Plants not mowed or plants mowed to 10.2 cm produced significantly more root axes in the top 2.5 cm of sand than did mowing heights of 5.1 or 7.6 cm. Root dry weight in the top 2.5 cm was considerably greater in nonmowed plants. Increased root axes in sod with higher mowing heights indicated a greater root density, which may also increase wildflower sod stability.

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