Genes Encoding Actin-related Proteins of Drosophila melanogaster

1994 ◽  
Vol 241 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Fyrberg ◽  
Liza Ryan ◽  
Maura Kenton ◽  
Eric Fyrberg
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Related Proteins

scholarly journals Drosophila melanogaster Mitochondrial Carriers: Similarities and Differences with the Human Carriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6052
Author(s):  
Rosita Curcio ◽  
Paola Lunetti ◽  
Vincenzo Zara ◽  
Alessandra Ferramosca ◽  
Federica Marra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier ◽  
Mitochondrial Carriers ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Mitochondrial Carrier Genes

Mitochondrial carriers are a family of structurally related proteins responsible for the exchange of metabolites, cofactors and nucleotides between the cytoplasm and mitochondrial matrix. The in silico analysis of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has highlighted the presence of 48 genes encoding putative mitochondrial carriers, but only 20 have been functionally characterized. Despite most Drosophila mitochondrial carrier genes having human homologs and sharing with them 50% or higher sequence identity, D. melanogaster genes display peculiar differences from their human counterparts: (1) in the fruit fly, many genes encode more transcript isoforms or are duplicated, resulting in the presence of numerous subfamilies in the genome; (2) the expression of the energy-producing genes in D. melanogaster is coordinated from a motif known as Nuclear Respiratory Gene (NRG), a palindromic 8-bp sequence; (3) fruit-fly duplicated genes encoding mitochondrial carriers show a testis-biased expression pattern, probably in order to keep a duplicate copy in the genome. Here, we review the main features, biological activities and role in the metabolism of the D. melanogaster mitochondrial carriers characterized to date, highlighting similarities and differences with their human counterparts. Such knowledge is very important for obtaining an integrated view of mitochondrial function in D. melanogaster metabolism.

scholarly journals A Cluster of Cuticle Protein Genes of Drosophila melanogaster at 65A: Sequence, Structure and Evolution

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 1213-1224
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Charles ◽  
Carol Chihara ◽  
Shamim Nejad ◽  
Lynn M Riddiford
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Multiple Copy ◽  
Sequence Structure ◽  
Coding Regions ◽  
The Third ◽  
Genetic Complexity ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Cuticle Protein ◽  
Cuticle Proteins

A 36-kb genomic DNA segment of the Drosophila melanogaster genome containing 12 clustered cuticle genes has been mapped and partially sequenced. The cluster maps at 65A 5-6 on the left arm of the third chromosome, in agreement with the previously determined location of a putative cluster encompassing the genes for the third instar larval cuticle proteins LCP5, LCP6 and LCP8. This cluster is the largest cuticle gene cluster discovered to date and shows a number of surprising features that explain in part the genetic complexity of the LCP5, LCP6 and LCP8 loci. The genes encoding LCP5 and LCP8 are multiple copy genes and the presence of extensive similarity in their coding regions gives the first evidence for gene conversion in cuticle genes. In addition, five genes in the cluster are intronless. Four of these five have arisen by retroposition. The other genes in the cluster have a single intron located at an unusual location for insect cuticle genes.

Phenotypic interactions of spinster with the genes encoding proteins for cell death control in Drosophila melanogaster

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Sakurai ◽  
Yoshiro Nakano ◽  
Masayuki Koganezawa ◽  
Daisuke Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genes Encoding

A Family of Genes Clustered at the Triplo-lethal Locus of Drosophila melanogaster Has an Unusual Evolutionary History and Significant Synteny With Anopheles gambiae

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R Dorer ◽  
Jamie A Rudnick ◽  
Etsuko N Moriyama ◽  
Alan C Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Codon Bias ◽  
Good Target ◽  
The Family ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gambiae Genome

Abstract Within the unique Triplo-lethal region (Tpl) of the Drosophila melanogaster genome we have found a cluster of 20 genes encoding a novel family of proteins. This family is also present in the Anopheles gambiae genome and displays remarkable synteny and sequence conservation with the Drosophila cluster. The family is also present in the sequenced genome of D. pseudoobscura, and homologs have been found in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in four other insect orders, but it is not present in the sequenced genome of any noninsect species. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the cluster evolved prior to the divergence of Drosophila and Anopheles (250 MYA) and has been highly conserved since. The ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitutions and the high codon bias suggest that there has been selection on this family both for expression level and function. We hypothesize that this gene family is Tpl, name it the Osiris family, and consider possible functions. We also predict that this family of proteins, due to the unique dosage sensitivity and the lack of homologs in noninsect species, would be a good target for genetic engineering or novel insecticides.

Differential elimination of rDNA genes in bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1023-1031
Author(s):  
R Terracol ◽  
N Prud'homme
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Rdna Locus ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Type I ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Genes Encoding

In Drosophila melanogaster, the multiply repeated genes encoding 18S and 28S rRNA are located on the X and Y chromosomes. A large percentage of these repeats are interrupted in the 28S region by insertions of two types. We compared the restriction patterns from a subcloned wild-type Oregon R strain to those of spontaneous and ethyl methanesulfonate-induced bobbed mutants. Bobbed mutations were found to be deficiencies that modified the organization of the rDNA locus. Genes without insertions were deleted about twice as often as genes with type I insertions. Type II insertion genes were not decreased in number, except in the mutant having the most bobbed phenotype. Reversion to wild type was associated with an increase in gene copy number, affecting exclusively genes without insertions. One hypothesis which explains these results is the partial clustering of genes by type. The initial deletion could then be due either to an unequal crossover or to loss of material without exchange. Some of our findings indicated that deletion may be associated with an amplification phenomenon, the magnitude of which would be dependent on the amount of clustering of specific gene types at the locus.

scholarly journals Cells differentiating into neuroectoderm undergo apoptosis in the absence of functional retinoblastoma family proteins.

1995 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 779-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
R S Slack ◽  
I S Skerjanc ◽  
B Lach ◽  
J Craig ◽  
K Jardine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
P19 Cells ◽  
Adenovirus E1a ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Extensive Cell Death ◽  
Extensive Cell ◽  
Early Mouse ◽  
Dying Cells ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
E1a Protein

The retinoblastoma (RB) protein is present at low levels in early mouse embryos and in pluripotent P19 embryonal carcinoma cells; however, the levels of RB rise dramatically in neuroectoderm formed both in embryos and in differentiating cultures of P19 cells. To investigate the effect of inactivating RB and related proteins p107 and p130, we transfected P19 cells with genes encoding mutated versions of the adenovirus E1A protein that bind RB and related proteins. When these E1A-expressing P19 cells were induced to differentiate into neuroectoderm, there was a striking rise in the expression of c-fos and extensive cell death. The ultrastructural and biochemical characteristics of the dying cells were indicative of apoptosis. The dying cells were those committed to the neural lineages because neurons and astrocytes were lost from differentiating cultures. Cell death was dependent on the ability of the E1A protein to bind RB and related proteins. Our results suggest that proteins of the RB family are essential for the development of the neural lineages and that the absence of functional RB activity triggers apoptosis of differentiating neuroectodermal cells.

scholarly journals Neuronal, stromal, and T-regulatory cell crosstalk in murine skeletal muscle

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 5402-5408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Wang ◽  
Omar K. Yaghi ◽  
Raul German Spallanzani ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
David Zemmour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
T Regulatory Cell ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Large Fiber ◽  
Murine Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cell Crosstalk

A distinct population of Foxp3+CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells promotes repair of acutely or chronically injured skeletal muscle. The accumulation of these cells depends critically on interleukin (IL)-33 produced by local mesenchymal stromal cells (mSCs). An intriguing physical association among muscle nerves, IL-33+ mSCs, and Tregs has been reported, and invites a deeper exploration of this cell triumvirate. Here we evidence a striking proximity between IL-33+ muscle mSCs and both large-fiber nerve bundles and small-fiber sensory neurons; report that muscle mSCs transcribe an array of genes encoding neuropeptides, neuropeptide receptors, and other nerve-related proteins; define muscle mSC subtypes that express both IL-33 and the receptor for the calcitonin-gene–related peptide (CGRP); and demonstrate that up- or down-tuning of CGRP signals augments or diminishes, respectively, IL-33 production by muscle mSCs and later accumulation of muscle Tregs. Indeed, a single injection of CGRP induced much of the genetic program elicited in mSCs early after acute skeletal muscle injury. These findings highlight neural/stromal/immune-cell crosstalk in tissue repair, suggesting future therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan He ◽  
Gaopeng Yuan ◽  
Shuxun Bian ◽  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Gene ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Related Proteins

Major latex proteins (MLPs) play critical roles in plants defense and stress responses. However, the roles of MLPs from apple (Malus × domestica) have not been clearly identified. In this study, we focused on the biological role of MdMLP423, which had been previously characterized as a potential pathogenesis-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis indicated that MdMLP423 is a protein with a ‘Gly-rich loop’ (GXGGXG) domain belonging to the Bet v_1 subfamily. Gene expression profiles showed that MdMLP423 is mainly expressed in flowers. In addition, the expression of MdMLP423 was significantly inhibited by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola (BB) and Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infections. Apple calli overexpressing MdMLP423 had lower expression of resistance-related genes, and were more sensitive to infection with BB and AAAP compared with non-transgenic calli. RNA-seq analysis of MdMLP423-overexpressing calli and non-transgenic calli indicated that MdMLP423 regulated the expression of a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors, including genes involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, cell wall reinforcement, and genes encoding the defense-related proteins, AP2-EREBP, WRKY, MYB, NAC, Zinc finger protein, and ABI3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MdMLP423 negatively regulates apple resistance to BB and AAAP infections by inhibiting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes and transcription factors.

scholarly journals Multiple Rare Risk Coding Variants in Postsynaptic Density-Related Genes Associated With Schizophrenia Susceptibility

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ming Hu ◽  
Ying-Chieh Wang ◽  
Chia-Liang Wu ◽  
Shih-Hsin Hsu ◽  
Hsin-Yao Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Postsynaptic Density ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Missense Mutations ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Synaptic Receptors ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Coding Variants

ObjectiveSchizophrenia is a chronic debilitating neurobiological disorder of aberrant synaptic connectivity and synaptogenesis. Postsynaptic density (PSD)–related proteins in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor–postsynaptic signaling complexes are crucial to regulating the synaptic transmission and functions of various synaptic receptors. This study examined the role of PSD-related genes in susceptibility to schizophrenia.MethodsWe resequenced 18 genes encoding the disks large-associated protein (DLGAP), HOMER, neuroligin (NLGN), neurexin, and SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains (SHANK) protein families in 98 schizophrenic patients with family psychiatric history using semiconductor sequencing. We analyzed the protein function of the identified rare schizophrenia-associated mutants via immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry.ResultsWe identified 50 missense heterozygous mutations in 98 schizophrenic patients with family psychiatric history, and in silico analysis revealed some as damaging or pathological to the protein function. Ten missense mutations were absent from the dbSNP database, the gnomAD (non-neuro) dataset, and 1,517 healthy controls from Taiwan BioBank. Immunoblotting revealed eight missense mutants with altered protein expressions in cultured cells compared with the wild type.ConclusionOur findings suggest that PSD-related genes, especially the NLGN, SHANK, and DLGAP families, harbor rare functional mutations that might alter protein expression in some patients with schizophrenia, supporting contributing rare coding variants into the genetic architecture of schizophrenia.

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