Self-Healing Polymers Based on Reversible Covalent Bonds

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Kuhl ◽  
Stefan Bode ◽  
Martin D. Hager ◽  
Ulrich S. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Self Healing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Reversible Covalent

The Underlying Chemistry of Self-Healing Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 759-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Williams ◽  
Daniel R. Dreyer ◽  
Christopher W. Bielawski
Keyword(s):  
Ring Opening ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Noncovalent Interactions ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions ◽  
Ligand Interactions ◽  
Reversible Covalent ◽  
Metal Ligand

AbstractOver the past ten years, a broad range of self-healing materials, systems that can detect when they have been damaged and heal themselves either spontaneously or with the aid of a stimulus, has emerged. Although many unique compositions and components are used to create these materials, they all employ basic chemical reactions to facilitate repair processes. Kinetically controlled ring-opening reactions and reversible metal–ligand interactions have proven useful in autonomic self-healing materials, which require no stimulus (other than the formation of damage) for operation. In contrast, nonautonomic self-healing materials, which require some type of externally applied stimulus (such as heat or light) to enable healing functions, have capitalized on chemistries that utilize either reversible covalent bonds or various types of noncovalent interactions. This review describes the underlying chemistries used in state-of-the-art self-healing materials, as well as those currently in development.

Preparation and properties of self-healing polyether amines based on Diels–Alder reversible covalent bonds

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Kaifeng Zhao ◽  
Xiaowen Huang ◽  
Xiaoyue Ma ◽  
Yanyan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Glycidyl Ether ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Diels Alder ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Reversible Covalent ◽  
Automotive Coating

Over time, automotive coating is bound to be damaged; therefore, it is necessary to give the coating a self-healing ability to make its performance even better. First, furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) was synthesized by epichlorohydrin and furfuryl alcohol. Then, furanyl-terminated resin FGE-T5000 was synthesized by polyether amine T5000 and FGE. Finally, 4,4′-diphenylmethane bismaleimide (BDM) was added to FGE-T5000 as a cross-linking agent to form a resin named FGE-T5000-BDM which has Diels–Alder (DA) bonds. The products were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, differential scanning calorimeter, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, optical microscope, tensile tests, and other tests. The results showed that FGE-T5000-BDM demonstrated thermally reversible self-healing property from 50°C to 150°C, and that the best temperature of the DA reaction was 80°C. The gel content of FGE-T5000-BDM was 98%. Also, the glass transition temperature and the initial temperature of the Retro-DA (r-DA) reaction were −58°C and 88°C, respectively. Moreover, the self-healing efficiency of FGE-T5000-BDM was up to 88% after staying at 80°C for 12 h. The innovation shown in this article was that the reversible covalent bonds (DA) were combined with the polyether amines, which produced the characteristics of self-healing. Its unique self-healing properties are useful in some areas, such as automobile coatings and other materials.

Self-healable polymer gels with multi-responsiveness of gel–sol–gel transition and degradability

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Chang ◽  
Heng An ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Ruyi Zhou ◽  
Jianglei Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Ester Moiety ◽  
Sol Gel Transition ◽  
Reversible Covalent ◽  
Gel Transition

P(NIPAM-co-FPA) contains an aldehyde group and a phenolic ester moiety is synthesized. The aldehyde group can form reversible covalent bonds with hydrazide to endow the polymer gels with self-healing properties. The self-healable polymer gel can be degraded in Na2CO3 solution based on cleavage of phenolic ester bond.

scholarly journals Research on synthesis and self-healing properties of interpenetrating network hydrogels based on reversible covalent and reversible non-covalent bonds

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowen Huang ◽  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Chuanying Shi ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yanyan Wei
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Interpenetrating Network ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Healing Efficiency ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Reversible Covalent

AbstractFirst of all, we will provide a brief background on the self-healing hydrogels we produced which are suitable for the complex environment of nature. In this paper, disulfide bonds and acylhydrazone bonds can be combined in SH-WPU and hydrogen bonds existed in PAMAM. And the hydrogel can achieve self-healing under acid, alkaline, neutral or light environment.Self-healing for 1 h, 24 h and 48 h, the self-healing efficiency is 31.58%, 49.84% and 87.35% respectively. This effect achieved the desired effect and the repair effect is more obvious than previous research results. The hydrogels have potential applications in the field of biomaterials.

scholarly journals Nano-structured dynamic Schiff base cues as robust self-healing polymers for biomedical and tissue engineering applications: a review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umer Shahzad Malik ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Khan Niazi ◽  
Zaib Jahan ◽  
Mazhar Iqbal Zafar ◽  
Dai-Viet N. Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Schiff Base ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Polymeric Networks ◽  
Robust Techniques ◽  
Reversible Covalent ◽  
Network Disruption

AbstractPolymer materials are vulnerable to damages, failures, and degradations, making them economically unreliable. Self-healing polymers, on the other hand, are multifunctional materials with superior properties of autonomic recovery from physical damages. These materials are suitable for biomedical and tissue engineering in terms of cost and durability. Schiff base linkages-based polymer materials are one of the robust techniques owing to their simple self-healing mechanism. These are dynamic reversible covalent bonds, easy to fabricate at mild conditions, and can self-reintegrate after network disruption at physiological conditions making them distinguished. Here we review self-healing polymer materials based on Schiff base bonds. We discuss the Schiff base bond formation between polymeric networks, which explains the self-healing phenomenon. These bonds have induced 100% recovery in optimal cases.

Imine Based Self-Healing Hydrogel Triggered by Periodate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Wolfel ◽  
Cecilia Inés Alvarez Igarzabal ◽  
Marcelo Ricardo Romero
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Crosslinking Reaction ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Smart Systems ◽  
Primary Amino ◽  
Vicinal Diols ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

<p>Design of materials with novel sensitivities and smart behaviour is important for the development of smart systems with automated responsiveness. We have recently reported the synthesis of hydrogels, cross-linked by <i>N,N'</i>-diallyltartardiamide (DAT). The covalent DAT-crosslinking points have vicinal diols which can be easily cleaved with periodate, generating valuable a-oxo-aldehyde functional groups, useful for further chemical modification. Based on those findings, we envisioned that a self-healable hydrogel could be obtained by incorporation of primary amino functional groups, from <a>2-aminoethyl methacrylate </a>hydrochloride (AEMA), coexisting with DAT into the same network. The a-oxo-aldehyde groups generated after the reaction with periodate would arise in the immediate environment of amine groups to form imine cross-links. For this purpose, DAT-crosslinked hydrogels were synthesized and carefully characterized. The cleavage of DAT-crosslinks with periodate promoted changes in the mechanical and swelling properties of the materials. As expected, a self-healing behavior was observed, based on the spontaneous formation of imine covalent bonds. In addition, we surprisingly found a combination of fast vicinal diols cleavage and a low speed self-crosslinking reaction by imine formation. Consequently, it was found a time-window in which a periodate-treated polymer was obtained in a transient liquid state, which can be exploited to choose the final shape of the material, before automated gelling. The singular properties attained on these hydrogels could be useful for developing sensors, actuators, among other smart systems.</p>

Acylhydrazones as Reversible Covalent Crosslinkers for Self-Healing Polymers

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 3295-3301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Kuhl ◽  
Stefan Bode ◽  
Ranjita K. Bose ◽  
Jürgen Vitz ◽  
Andreas Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Healing ◽  
Reversible Covalent

scholarly journals Biohydrogel Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds for Wound Healing Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6945
Author(s):  
Chukwuma O. Agubata ◽  
Cynthia C. Mbaoji ◽  
Ifeanyi T. Nzekwe ◽  
César Saldías ◽  
David Díaz Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Phenylboronic Acid ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acid Soluble Collagen ◽  
Thixotropic Behavior

In this work, a biohydrogel based on alginate and dynamic covalent B-O bonds, and derived composites, has been evaluated for wound healing applications. In particular, a phenylboronic acid–alginate (PBA-Alg) complex was synthesized by coupling 3-aminophenylboronic acid onto alginate, and used to prepare varied concentrations of hydrogels and silicate-based nanocomposites in PBS. The resulting hydrogels were characterized in terms of interfacial tension, moisture uptake and loss, interaction with fresh acid-soluble collagen, self-healing ability, effects on blood clotting and wound healing. The interfacial tension between the hydrogels and biorelevant fluids was low and moisture loss of 55%–60% was evident without uptake from the environment. The components of the hydrogels and their mixtures with collagen were found to be compatible. These hydrogels showed efficient self-healing and thixotropic behavior, and the animals in the treatment groups displayed blood clotting times between 9.1 min and 10.7 min. In contrast, the composites showed much longer or shorter clotting times depending on the silicate content. A significant improvement in wound healing was observed in 3% w/v PBA-Alg formulations. Overall, the PBA-Alg hydrogels exhibit self-healing dynamic covalent interactions and may be useful in dressings for incision wounds.

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