scholarly journals A Reconfigurable Functional Unit for TriMedia/CPU64. A Case Study

2002 ◽  
pp. 224-241
Author(s):  
Mihai Sima ◽  
Sorin Cotofana ◽  
Stamatis Vassiliadis ◽  
Jos T. J. van Eijndhoven ◽  
Kees Vissers
Keyword(s):  
Functional Unit

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY FOR WATER FOOTPRINT ASSESSMENT OF A DENIM PRODUCT

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
V. Sülar ◽  
B. Soy ◽  
K. Yağci
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Apparel Production ◽  
Finishing Processes

The awareness of the fact that the leading cause of the bad environmental conditions in our world is the human factor, has been increasing in recent years. This awareness enables people, companies, and organizations to decrease water consumption, to decrease carbon emission, to decrease using harmful chemicals, consequently people who are aware of global warming and depletion of resources are taking actions to save our planet for a sustainable life. Textile is one of the big sectors affecting the environmental pollution in a very bad way. For that reason, the present water footprint research was conducted on textiles and a denim company was especially chosen to examine the water footprint because of denim sector’s being one of the biggest polluters and wasting water in a huge amount in the textile industry. Firstly, the limits of the research were obtained as finishing operations under the scope of water footprint. The production steps and wastewater occurring points were obtained carefully for different denim finishing processes. After that stage, personal water consumption during denim apparel production was examined in detail. To create a good inventory analysis, many meetings were performed, and a survey was prepared to collect the data about wastewater of the company. By the help of this water footprint evaluation, the processes that create the most wastewater and the distribution of water footprint according to processes and other sources that cause water consumption were determined for one pair of denim trouser accepted as a functional unit in the context of the research.

A Life Cycle Inventory Case Study for Marble Mining in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 171-175
Author(s):  
Xian Ce Meng ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Zhi Hong Wang ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Life Cycle Inventory ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Environmental Damages ◽  
Made In

The goal of this paper is to conduct a life cycle inventory (LCI) case study for marble mining in China. The scope focuses on the whole life of marble mining. The functional unit is “per cubic meter of marble block”. The LCI data, including the input of energy and natural resources and the output of pollutant emissions, were collected on-site. The LCI results show that if the waste quarries could be recovered after the exploration, the environmental damages from the marble decorative materials would be much less. The environmental impacts of fresh water consumptions are also discussed. Some suggestions and recommendations on how to improve the environmental performance, at the same time the marble materials can be produced to support the increasing sales, are made. In the future, the land use and the mine recovery should be discussed.

scholarly journals Determination of plantain crops associated with coffee environmental impacts on agroecosystems by means of Life Cycle Assessment: case study in the Southwest of Antioquia (Colombia)

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Elisa Esther Valenzuela Vergara ◽  
Darío Antonio Castañeda Sánchez ◽  
Natalia Andrea Cano Londoño
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Cradle To Gate

Plantain and coffee are basic foodstuff of Colombian family standard basket, constituting important sources in the dynamism of the economy of the country. Given the importance of these products, five environmental impacts: global warming, aquatic eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, aquatic ecotoxicity and  use of soil were evaluated in three plantain crops associated with coffee in Antioquia Southwest (Colombia), for this purpose RECIPE 2008 method with a cradle to gate approach was used. Surveys and interviews applied to owners and employees of the farms, and to agents related to the production chains were carried out to obtain primary data, secondary data were taken from Ecoinvent 3.1 database. Consumption of resources and emissions were assigned to a functional unit of 1 kg of plantain and 1 kg of dry parchment coffee. Production systems consisted of four stages: establishment/propagation, production, postharvest and distribution. Plantain system generated less impact than coffee, and the stages that contributed the most to the environmental burden on impact categories in both crops were establishment/propagation and production. This is mainly due to the manufacture and the use of fertilizers.

scholarly journals Shifting Conceptualization of Control in Agile Transformations

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Marius Mikalsen ◽  
Viktoria Stray ◽  
Nils Brede Moe ◽  
Idun Backer
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Agile Methods ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Functional Software

Abstract Agile transformation implies that organizations apply agile methods also outside of software development units. One particular way of doing such transformations is to create cross-functional software development units. This represents new challenges for control for organizations as the unformal agile control mechanisms from the software units meet the more formal, bureaucratic and hierarchical control from other units. The research on how to manage control in agile transformations, however, is scarce. Through a case study of a new, cross-functional unit in a financial institution, we report on their work to implement control in agile transformations. To analyze our results, we draw on new perspectives for control in the digital era, which challenges existing presumptions on control. Our findings indicate how agile transformations require rethinking traditional control mechanisms and experiment with new control perspectives more suitable for the digital era.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Corn Tortilla Production: A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 4852
Author(s):  
Diego Guzmán-Soria ◽  
Paul Taboada-González ◽  
Quetzalli Aguilar-Virgen ◽  
Eduardo Baltierra-Trejo ◽  
Liliana Marquez-Benavides
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Corn Tortilla ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

The research on the environmental impacts of corn-derived products has been mainly on cultivation techniques and the production of biofuels, so there is limited information on the impacts produced by the transformation of corn for human consumption. The tortilla is a millennial product derived from corn of which consumption is increasing in North America. The aim of this study is to identify the environmental hotspots of the tortilla using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The process studied included only the corn–nixtamalisation–dough–tortillas production. The functional unit is one kg of tortillas packed in kraft paper. The impacts of the tortilla production process were evaluated using SimaPro 8.5.0 software, considering ReCiPe Midpoint. The production has the greatest impact in 15 of the 18 impact categories. The normalisation reveals that the most significant impacts concentrate in the categories terrestrial acidification (TA), particulate matter formation (PMF), marine ecotoxicity (MET) and fossil fuel depletion (FD). Improvements in the cultivation could mean more environmentally friendly tortilla production.

The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-129
Author(s):  
ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽  
EUDALD CORTINA ORERO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

Culture and the plasticity of perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lifshitz ◽  
T. M. Luhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Cultural Learning ◽  
The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Povinelli ◽  
Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽  
Shannon L. Kuznar ◽  
Mateja Pavlic
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Reasoning ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Important Case ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Relational Reasoning ◽  
Dual Systems ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reasoning System ◽  
Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Van Bergen ◽  
John Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Autobiographical Memory ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Memory Development ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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