A Nutritional Strategy for Reducing Disease and Obesity Risks

Endurance athletes need a regular and well-detailed nutrition program in order to fill their energy stores before training/racing, to provide nutritional support that will allow them to endure the harsh conditions during training/race, and to provide effective recovery after training/racing. Since exercise-related gastrointestinal symptoms can significantly affect performance, they also need to develop strategies to address these issues. All these factors force endurance athletes to constantly seek a better nutritional strategy. Therefore, several new dietary approaches have gained interest among endurance athletes in recent decades. This review provides a current perspective to five popular diet approaches: (a) vegetarian diets, (b) high-fat diets, (c) intermittent fasting diets, (d) gluten-free diet, and (e) low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diets. We reviewed scientific studies published from 1983 to January 2021 investigating the impact of these popular diets on the endurance performance and health aspects of endurance athletes. We also discuss all the beneficial and harmful aspects of these diets, and offer key suggestions for endurance athletes to consider when following these diets.

Download Full-text

The effects of nano-curcumin as a nutritional strategy on clinical and inflammatory factors in children with cystic fibrosis: the study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05224-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saeedeh Talebi ◽

Mahammad Safarian ◽

Mahmood Reza Jaafari ◽

Seyed Javad Sayedi ◽

Zahra Abbasi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Genetic Disorder ◽

The Body ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Cftr Protein ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder, which is caused by the CFTR protein defects. Along with CFTR dysfunction, inflammation plays a key role in the disease outcomes. Inflammation may develop due to the internal dysfunction of the CFTR protein or external factors. Curcumin affects the CFTR protein function primarily as a corrector and potentiator and secondary as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial agent. The present study aims to assess the impact of nano-curcumin on clinical and inflammatory markers in children with CF. Methods This prospective, double blind control trial will be conducted at the Akbar Children’s Hospital in Mashhad, Iran. Children with CF will be enrolled based on the eligibility criteria. Placebo and curcumin with the maximum dose of 80 mg considering the body surface of the patients will be administrated for 3 months. The primary outcome is to evaluate inflammation based on serum interleukin-6, interleukin-10, and hs-CRP, stool calprotectin, and neutrophil count of nasopharyngeal swab. The secondary outcome involved clinical assessment via spirometry, anthropometrics, and quality of life. They will be assessed before and after 3 months. Discussion Due to the multifarious effects of curcumin on CF disease, it could be proposed as a nutritional strategy in the treatment of cystic fibrosis. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20200705048018N1. Registered on July 10, 2020.

Download Full-text

Going “Green” in the Prevention and Management of Atherothrombotic Diseases: The Role of Dietary Polyphenols

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071490 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1490

Author(s):

Ana Reis ◽

Sara Rocha ◽

Victor de Freitas

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Dietary Polyphenols ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Flavonoid Intake ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Socio Economic Impact ◽

The Impact

During the 20th century processed and ready-to-eat foods became routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of fat, salt, and sugar intake in people’s diets. Currently, the global incidence of obesity, raised blood lipids, hypertension, and diabetes in an increasingly aged population contributes to the rise of atherothrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to tackle and help manage the socio-economic impact of atherothrombotic disorders though not without adverse side effects. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids to human diets, as recommended by WHO offers a valuable nutritional strategy, alternative to drug-based therapies, to be explored in the prevention and management of atherothrombotic diseases at early stages. Though polyphenols are mostly associated to color and taste in foods, food flavonoids are emerging as modulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, appetite and food intake, blood pressure, platelet function, clot formation, and anti-inflammatory signaling, supporting the health-promoting effects of polyphenol-rich diets in mitigating the impact of risk factors in atherothrombotic disorders and CVD events. Here we overview the current knowledge on the effect of polyphenols particularly of flavonoid intake on the atherothrombotic risk factors and discuss the caveats and challenges involved with current experimental cell-based designs.

Download Full-text

PSII-9 Drylot weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.705 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 401-402

Author(s):

Felipe A Nascimento ◽

Laura F Prados ◽

Luciana M Sousa ◽

Ivanna M Oliveira ◽

Flávio D Resende ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Transition Period ◽

Block Design ◽

Mineral Salt ◽

Energy Supplement ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Energy Supplementation

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the best nutritional strategy for weaned calves at dry-to-rainy transition and rainy season and their effects on the growing phase. One hundred sixteen Nellore weaned males (initial BW of 173±23 kg; 10 months) were used in a randomized complete block design (blocked by BW) in a 2×2 factorial arrangement of treatments (divided in 12 lots with 9 or 10 animals/lot). Factor 1 was the strategy in the dry-to-rainy season transition (period I; pasture vs. drylot) and factor 2 was the strategy for the rainy season [period II; mineral salt ad libitum (MS) vs. supplement 3 g/kg BW]; consisting of four treatments: pasture in period I and MS in period II; pasture in period I and protein-energy supplement in period II (PEII); drylot in period I and mineral salt in period II; drylot in period I and PEII. At period I, all animals received a protein-energy supplementation (5 g/kg BW). The experiment lasted 244 days. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. In period I, animals from drylot had highest final BW and ADG (P < 0.01; Table 1). There was no interaction among factors (P ≥ 0.772) in period II. In period II, ADG and carcass gain were highest from pasture animals (P < 0.01). Final BW and HCW were similar (P >0.788) at the end of period II, showing that animals recovery BW. Among strategies at rainy season, animals fed PEII had greater final BW and ADG (P < 0.01). Overall growing phase, HCW and carcass gain were greater for animals fed PEII (P < 0.01). Regardless of the strategy used in the dry-to-rainy season transition, animals were able to equalize final BW at the end of growing phase. In addition, protein-energy supplement at rainy season improves animal performance at the end of growing phase.

Download Full-text

A nutritional strategy to promote gilthead seabream performance under low temperatures

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.736494 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 537 ◽

pp. 736494

Author(s):

Rita Teodósio ◽

Cláudia Aragão ◽

Rita Colen ◽

Raquel Carrilho ◽

Jorge Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperatures ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Nutritional Strategy

Download Full-text

Salivary antioxidants and periodontal disease status

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1079/pns2001141 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 137-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Dean V. Sculley ◽

Simon C. Langley-Evans

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Disease Status ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Root Area ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Dietary Antioxidant ◽

Factor Α ◽

High Degree

Periodontal disease is a common chronic adult condition. The bacteriumPorphyromonas gingivalishas been implicated in the aetiology of this disease, which causes destruction of the connective tissue and bone around the root area of the tooth. It has been observed that invadingP. gingivalisbacteria trigger the release of cytokines such as interleukin 8 and tumour necrosis factor α, leading to elevated numbers and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN). As a result of stimulation by bacterial antigens, PMN produce the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst as part of the host response to infection. Patients with periodontal disease display increased PMN number and activity. It has been suggested that this proliferation results in a high degree of ROS release, culminating in heightened oxidative damage to gingival tissue, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Antioxidant constituents in plasma have been well-documented, being chiefly ascorbate, albumin and urate, and these are known to display sensitivity to dietary antioxidant intakes. The concentration of antioxidants in saliva does not appear to mirror those of plasma. The extent of dietary influence upon salivary antioxidant status is unclear. Urate is the predominant salivary antioxidant, with albumin and ascorbate providing minor contributions. Previous research has found reduced salivary antioxidant activity in patients suffering from periodontal disease. An improved understanding of the role antioxidants play in periodontitis, and the influence of nutrition on antioxidant status, may lead to a possible nutritional strategy for the treatment of periodontal disease.

Download Full-text

Creatine in Health and Disease

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020447 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 447

Author(s):

Richard B. Kreider ◽

Jeffery R. Stout

Keyword(s):

Scientific Evidence ◽

Critical Role ◽

Creatine Supplementation ◽

Cellular Metabolism ◽

Medical Evidence ◽

Therapeutic Benefits ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Severity Of Injury ◽

Health And Disease

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly during metabolically stressed states, and limitations in the ability to transport and/or store creatine can impair metabolism. Moreover, increasing availability of creatine in tissue may enhance cellular metabolism and thereby lessen the severity of injury and/or disease conditions, particularly when oxygen availability is compromised. This systematic review assesses the peer-reviewed scientific and medical evidence related to creatine’s role in promoting general health as we age and how creatine supplementation has been used as a nutritional strategy to help individuals recover from injury and/or manage chronic disease. Additionally, it provides reasonable conclusions about the role of creatine on health and disease based on current scientific evidence. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that creatine supplementation has several health and therapeutic benefits throughout the lifespan.

Download Full-text

Early and aggressive nutritional strategy (parenteral and enteral) decreases postnatal growth failure in very low birth weight infants

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/sj.jp.7211539 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 436-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

A Dinerstein ◽

R M Nieto ◽

C L Solana ◽

G P Perez ◽

L E Otheguy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Very Low Birth Weight ◽

Growth Failure ◽

Postnatal Growth ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Postnatal Growth Failure

Download Full-text

Investigation of phagotrophy in natural assemblages of the benthic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis, Prorocentrum and Coolia

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1590/s1679-87592017140706503 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 392-399 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eliliane Vasconcelos Corrêa Almada ◽

Wanderson Fernandes de Carvalho ◽

Silvia Mattos Nascimento

Keyword(s):

Fluorescence Microscopy ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Nutritional Ecology ◽

Harmful Algae ◽

Benthic Dinoflagellates ◽

Nutritional Strategy ◽

Nutritional Strategies ◽

Harmful Species

Abstract Mixotrophy has been shown to be a common trait among dinoflagellates and its importance in the nutritional ecology of harmful algae has been hypothesized. Benthic harmful species have not been extensively investigated as their planktonic counterparts and there are major gaps in the knowledge of their nutritional strategies. In this study the occurrence of phagotrophy was investigated in natural assemblages of benthic dinoflagellates using epi-fluorescence microscopy with DAPI and LysoSensor staining. The study was conducted at five sites along the coast of Rio de Janeiro that were visited in January, August and December 2010. In total, 1659 dinoflagellate cells were observed. From these, only 0.4% of 1195 Ostreopsis cf. ovata and 2.2% of 134 Coolia spp. cells presented evidence of phagotrophy with vacuoles stained by LysoSensor or a DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stained inclusion. Stained vacuoles were not registered in the 330 Prorocentrum spp. cells observed. Few O. cf. ovata cells contained round red inclusions ("red spots") that were not stained either by DAPI or LysoSensor, suggesting that these structures are not ingested prey. The results showed that phagotrophy was not a frequent nutritional strategy in benthic dinoflagellates during the study period.

Download Full-text