Graphical Representation of Biological Processes

2013 ◽  
pp. 868-868
Keyword(s):  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Biological Processes

Fluorescent potentiometric dyes for membrane-potential imaging

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Loew
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Quantitative Imaging ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Excitable Systems ◽  
Major Application ◽  
The Impact

A major application of potentiometric dyes has been the multisite optical recording of electrical activity in excitable systems. After being championed by L.B. Cohen and his colleagues for the past 20 years, the impact of this technology is rapidly being felt and is spreading to an increasing number of neuroscience laboratories. A second class of experiments involves using dyes to image membrane potential distributions in single cells by digital imaging microscopy - a major focus of this lab. These studies usually do not require the temporal resolution of multisite optical recording, being primarily focussed on slow cell biological processes, and therefore can achieve much higher spatial resolution. We have developed 2 methods for quantitative imaging of membrane potential. One method uses dual wavelength imaging of membrane-staining dyes and the other uses quantitative 3D imaging of a fluorescent lipophilic cation; the dyes used in each case were synthesized for this purpose in this laboratory.

Apoptosis and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin V McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

Apoptosis is an evolutionarily conserved process used by multicellular organisms to developmentally regulate cell number or to eliminate cells that are potentially detrimental to the organism. The large diversity of regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells and their numerous interactions complicate the analysis of their individual functions, particularly in development. The remarkable conservation of apoptotic mechanisms across species has allowed the genetic pathways of apoptosis determined in lower species, such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster, to act as models for understanding the biology of apoptosis in mammalian cells. Though many components of the apoptotic pathway are conserved between species, the use of additional model organisms has revealed several important differences and supports the use of model organisms in deciphering complex biological processes such as apoptosis.

A Dynamic Systems Approach to Personality

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Dynamic View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

David Magnusson has been the most articulate spokesperson for a holistic, systems approach to personality. This paper considers three concepts relevant to a dynamic systems approach to personality: dynamics, systems, and levels. Some of the history of a dynamic view is traced, leading to an emphasis on the need for stressing the interplay among goals. Concepts such as multidetermination, equipotentiality, and equifinality are shown to be important aspects of a systems approach. Finally, attention is drawn to the question of levels of description, analysis, and explanation in a theory of personality. The importance of the issue is emphasized in relation to recent advances in our understanding of biological processes. Integrating such advances into a theory of personality while avoiding the danger of reductionism is a challenge for the future.

Mechanisms of Signaling through Urokinase Receptor and the Cellular Response

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (08) ◽  
pp. 305-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri Koshelnick ◽  
Monika Ehart ◽  
Hannes Stockinger ◽  
Bernd Binder
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Urokinase Receptor ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Proteolytic Activation ◽  
Core Proteins

IntroductionThe urokinase-urokinase receptor (u-PA-u-PAR) system seems to play a crucial role in a number of biological processes, including local fibrinolysis, tumor invasion, angiogenesis, neointima and atherosclerotic plaque formation, inflammation, and matrix remodeling during wound healing and development.1-6 Binding of urokinase to its specific receptor provides cells with a localized proteolytic potential. It stimulates conversion of cell surface-bound plasminogen into active plasmin, which, in turn, is required for proteolytic degradation of basement membrane components, including fibronectin, collagen, laminin, and proteoglycan core proteins.7 Moreover, plasmin activates other matrix-degrading enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases.8 Overexpression of u-PA/u-PAR correlates with tumor invasion and metastasis formation,9-13 while reduction of cell-surface bound u-PA and inhibition of u-PAR expression leads to a significant decrease of invasive and metastatic activity.14 Specific antagonists that suppress binding of u-PA to u-PAR have been shown to inhibit cell-surface plasminogen activation, tumor growth, and angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo models.15,16 Independently of its proteolytic activity, u-PA is implicated in many biological processes that seem to require u-PAR-mediated intracellular signal transduction, such as proliferation, chemotactic movement and adhesion, migration, and differentiation.17 Data obtained in the late 1980s indicated that u-PA not only provides cells with local proteolytic activity, but might also be capable of transducing signals to the cell.18-22 At that time, however, the u-PAR has just been isolated, cloned, and identified as a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked protein and not a transmembrane protein. Signaling via the u-PAR was, therefore, regarded as being unlikely, and the effects of u-PA on cell proliferation18-22 were thought to be mediated by proteolytic activation of latent growth factors. The assumption of direct signaling via u-PAR was, in fact, considered controversial, until about 10 years later when a physical association between u-PAR and signaling proteins was found.23 From this report on, several proteins associated with u-PAR have been identified. Now, u-PAR seems to be part of a large “signalosome” associated and interacting with several proteins on both the outside and inside of the cell.

The Datalogical Drug Mule

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-29
Author(s):  
Juan Llamas-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Data Capturing ◽  
Legal Structures

Borders and bodies are increasingly regulated by data-capturing mechanisms spread across the world through information and communication technologies. This article traces the features and implications of such a border-body datalogical entanglement through the figure of the drug mule. It analyzes government documents and recorded case studies to argue that this figure emerges from an assemblage of cultural narratives, legal structures, human labor, technical practices, and biological processes. The datalogical drug mule is already implicated in a struggle over what, and how, data is meaningful and actionable. Investigating this figure allows us to begin disentangling the data-driven mechanisms that constitute modern borders and bodies while at the same time accounting for analog continuities in contemporary practices of border security.

Missing Data - Better "Not to Have Them", but What If You Do? (Part 1)

Marketing ZFP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Dirk Temme ◽  
Sarah Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Missing values are ubiquitous in empirical marketing research. If missing data are not dealt with properly, this can lead to a loss of statistical power and distorted parameter estimates. While traditional approaches for handling missing data (e.g., listwise deletion) are still widely used, researchers can nowadays choose among various advanced techniques such as multiple imputation analysis or full-information maximum likelihood estimation. Due to the available software, using these modern missing data methods does not pose a major obstacle. Still, their application requires a sound understanding of the prerequisites and limitations of these methods as well as a deeper understanding of the processes that have led to missing values in an empirical study. This article is Part 1 and first introduces Rubin’s classical definition of missing data mechanisms and an alternative, variable-based taxonomy, which provides a graphical representation. Secondly, a selection of visualization tools available in different R packages for the description and exploration of missing data structures is presented.

The properties of Bessel-type fractional derivatives and integrals

2016 ◽  
pp. 3973-3982
Author(s):  
V. R. Lakshmi Gorty
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Real Line ◽  
Computer Algebra System ◽  
Fractional Derivatives ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Fractional Integrals ◽  
The Real ◽  
Fractional Derivatives And Integrals ◽  
Half Axis ◽  
Derivatives Of

The fractional integrals of Bessel-type Fractional Integrals from left-sided and right-sided integrals of fractional order is established on finite and infinite interval of the real-line, half axis and real axis. The Bessel-type fractional derivatives are also established. The properties of Fractional derivatives and integrals are studied. The fractional derivatives of Bessel-type of fractional order on finite of the real-line are studied by graphical representation. Results are direct output of the computer algebra system coded from MATLAB R2011b.

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