Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Patients with Rheumatic Diseases

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
Lucileia Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use

Is perioperative antibiotic necessary in straightforward implant placement procedures?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elçin Bedeloğlu ◽  
Mustafa Yalçın ◽  
Cenker Zeki Koyuncuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this non-random retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic antibiotic on early outcomes including postoperative pain, swelling, bleeding and cyanosis in patients undergoing dental implant placement before prosthetic loading. Seventy-five patients (45 males, 30 females) whose dental implant placement were completed, included to the study. Patients used prophylactic antibiotics were defined as the experimental group and those who did not, were defined as the control group. The experimental group received 2 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 1 h preoperatively and 1 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid twice a day for 5 days postoperatively while the control group had received no prophylactic antibiotic therapy perioperatively. Data on pain, swelling, bleeding, cyanosis, flap dehiscence, suppuration and implant failure were analyzed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with regard to pain and swelling on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12 ( p >0.05), while the severity of pain and swelling were greater on day 2 compared to day 7 and 14 and week 12 in both groups ( p =0.001 and p <0.05, respectively). Similarly, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to postoperative bleeding and cyanosis. Although flap dehiscence was more severe on day 7 in the experimental group, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to the percentage of flap dehiscence assessed at other time points. Within limitations of the study, it has been demonstrated that antibiotic use has no effect on implant failure rates in dental implant surgery with a limited number of implants. We conclude that perioperative antibiotic use may not be required in straightforward implant placement procedures. Further randomized control clinical studies with higher numbers of patients and implants are needed to substantiate our findings.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Orbital Fractures

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Reiss ◽  
Lamise Rajjoub ◽  
Tamer Mansour ◽  
Tony Chen ◽  
Aisha Mumtaz
Keyword(s):  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Orbital Fracture ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Orbital Fractures ◽  
Oral Antibiotics ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Trauma Teams

Purpose: To determine whether prophylactic antibiotic use in patients with orbital fracture prevent orbital infection. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with orbital fracture between January 1, 2008 and March 1, 2014 at The George Washington University Hospital and Clinics. Main Outcome Measures: Development of orbital infection. Results: One hundred seventy-two patients with orbital fracture met our inclusion and exclusion criteria. No orbital infections were documented. Twenty subjects (12%) received no prophylactic antibiotic, and two (1%) received only one dose of antibiotics pre-operatively for surgery. For primary antibiotic, 136 subjects (79%) received oral antibiotics, and 14 (8%) received intravenous (IV) antibiotics (excluding cefazolin). Cephalexin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the most prescribed oral antibiotics that are equally effective. Five-to-seven day courses of antibiotics had no increased infections compared to ten-to-fourteen day courses. Calculated boundaries for effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics ranged from a Number Needed to Treat (NNT) of 75 to a Number Needed to Harm (NNH) of 198. Conclusion: Antibiotics for prevention of orbital infection in patients with orbital fractures have become widely used. Coordination between trauma teams and specialists is needed to prevent patient overmedication and antibiotic resistance. Should antibiotics be used, shorter courses and avoidance of broad spectrum agents are recommended. Additional studies are needed.

Prophylactic Antibiotic Reduces the Risk of Peritonitis after Invasive Gynecologic Procedures

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Pei-Yi Fan ◽  
Ming-Jen Chan ◽  
Sheng-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Hsin-Hsu Wu ◽  
Ming-Yang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Streptococcus Group ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Group B ◽  
Invasive Techniques

BackgroundPeritonitis is a serious complication after invasive procedures in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). Most studies that have investigated peritonitis following invasive gynecologic procedures enrolled small patient populations. This study focuses on the clinical presentation, outcomes, and effects of prophylactic antibiotic use before invasive techniques.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on patients who underwent invasive gynecologic procedures between 2005 and 2015 in a tertiary medical center. Eligible patients were identified and enrolled and their demographic data were collected. The use of prophylactic antibiotics and the outcomes of peritonitis were recorded.ResultsTwenty-six gynecologic procedures were performed on 18 PD patients. Seven episodes of peritonitis occurred in 6 patients after invasive gynecologic procedures. Eleven procedures were preceded by prophylactic antibiotic treatment (6 oral cefadroxil, 1 oral cefuroxime, 1 oral clindamycin, 1 intravenous [IV] ceftriaxone, 1 IV ceftazidime, and 1 IV cefazolin). The pathogens were diverse (group B Streptococcus, group D Streptococcus, E. coli, and Enterococcus). All episodes of peritonitis were successfully treated using intraperitoneal antibiotics without recurrence, technique failure, or mortality. The odds ratio of peritonitis in the non-prophylaxis group was 20.29 (95% confidence interval 1.01 – 406.35, p = 0.0103).ConclusionThe use of prophylactic antibiotic treatment considerably reduced the risk of peritonitis after invasive gynecologic procedures.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Veterinarians Towards Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Nigeria

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Usman O. Adekanye ◽  
Abel B. Ekiri ◽  
Erika Galipó ◽  
Abubakar Bala Muhammad ◽  
Ana Mateus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Laboratory Services ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern and the inappropriate use of antibiotics in animals and humans is considered a contributing factor. A cross-sectional survey to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of veterinarians regarding AMR and antimicrobial stewardship was conducted in Nigeria. A total of 241 respondents completed an online survey. Only 21% of respondents correctly defined the term antimicrobial stewardship and 59.8% were unaware of the guidelines provided by the Nigeria AMR National Action Plan. Over half (51%) of the respondents indicated that prophylactic antibiotic use was appropriate when farm biosecurity was poor. Only 20% of the respondents conducted antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) frequently, and the unavailability of veterinary laboratory services (82%) and the owner’s inability to pay (72%) were reported as key barriers to conducting AST. The study findings suggest strategies focusing on the following areas may be useful in improving appropriate antibiotic use and antimicrobial stewardship among veterinarians in Nigeria: increased awareness of responsible antimicrobial use among practicing and newly graduated veterinarians, increased dissemination of regularly updated antibiotic use guidelines, increased understanding of the role of good biosecurity and vaccination practices in disease prevention, and increased provision of laboratory services and AST at affordable costs.

Efficacy of prophylactic antibiotic use in acute pancreatitis

2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 2478-2479
Author(s):  
Tariq M. Haddad ◽  
James Grendell ◽  
Mark B. Pochapin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use

Intranasal packs and haemostatic agents for the management of adult epistaxis: systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 1065-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Z Iqbal ◽  
G H Jones ◽  
N Dawe ◽  
C Mamais ◽  
M E Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Nasal Pack ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Haemostatic Agents

AbstractBackground:The mainstay of management of epistaxis refractory to first aid and cautery is intranasal packing. This review aimed to identify evidence surrounding nasal pack use.Method:A systematic review of the literature was performed using standardised methodology.Results:Twenty-seven eligible articles were identified relating to non-dissolvable packs and nine to dissolvable packs. Nasal packing appears to be more effective when applied by trained professionals. For non-dissolvable packs, the re-bleed rates for Rapid Rhino and Merocel were similar, but were higher with bismuth iodoform paraffin paste packing. Rapid Rhino packs were the most tolerated non-dissolvable packs. Evidence indicates that 96 per cent of re-bleeding occurs within the first 4 hours after nasal pack removal. Limited evidence suggests that dissolvable packs are effective and well tolerated by patients. There was a lack of evidence relating to: the duration of pack use, the economic effects of pack choice and the appropriate care setting for non-dissolvable packs.Conclusion:Rapid Rhino packs are the best tolerated, with efficacy equivalent to nasal tampons. FloSeal is easy to use, causes less discomfort and may be superior to Merocel in anterior epistaxis cases. There is no strong evidence to support prophylactic antibiotic use.

scholarly journals Survey of Surgeons Regarding Prophylactic Antibiotic Use in Inguinal Hernia Repair

2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. MacCormick ◽  
J. A. Akoh
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotics ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Hernia Surgery ◽  
Trust Network ◽  
Surgical Trainees ◽  
Infected Mesh

Purpose: The use of prophylactic antibiotics in the mesh repair of inguinal hernias remains controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the perception of surgeons about surgical site infection and how this affects their clinical practice. Methods: A SurveyMonkey of general surgeons and senior surgical trainees was conducted via the local trust network and the questionnaire was displayed on the website of the Association of Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland and Association of Surgeons in Training. Results: Eighty-one responses were received from surgeons who perform an average of 75 hernia repairs per year – the majority by open technique. Thirty-six (44.4%) used routine antibiotic prophylaxis, 40 (49.4%) selectively, and five (6.2%) not at all as the five surgeons who did not use antibiotics perceived their surgical site infection rate to be <1% and have never removed an infected mesh from a hernia wound. There was no clear difference between those who use prophylactic antibiotics routinely or selectively as the experience of mesh explantation is similar (56% versus 55% had 2–10 meshes removed respectively). Seventy-seven (95%) of surgeons felt a new specific set of guidelines was required. Conclusion: This study highlights the fact that in the absence of clear guidelines, most surgeons base their use of prophylactic antibiotics on their perceived risk or experience of surgical site infection. There is a strong need for a new set of guidelines to address the use of prophylactic antibiotics in groin hernia surgery.

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