Use of Human Brain Cell Aggregates for AIDS Research in the Nervous System

1995 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Lynn Pulliam
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Aids Research

Validated UPLC-MS/MS method for determination of moclobemide in human brain cell supernatant and its application to bidirectional transport study

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Li-Bo ◽  
Yan Miao ◽  
Li Huan-De ◽  
Fang Ping-Fei ◽  
Wang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Transport Study ◽  
Bidirectional Transport ◽  
Cell Supernatant

Enkephalin, Drug Addiction and Acupuncture

1977 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Opiate Withdrawal ◽  
Acupuncture Analgesia ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Natural Ligand ◽  
The Brain

From the results of clinical and basic research, there is clear evidence the acupuncture analgesia is closely associated with the nervous system, especially the central nervous system. Stimulation of certain acupuncture loci which have been used for analgesia during operations aslo can calm the withdrawal symptoms of morphine and heroin addicts. Acupuncture analgesia can be antagonized by the specific narcotic antagonist, naloxone. These findings suggest the factor or factors produced by acupuncture stimulation would also have agonist activity on opiate receptors. Moreover, the morphine receptors are most concentrated in those parts of the brain concerned with preception of pain and the pathway of acupuncture stimulation. Since the opiate receptors are associated with the synaptic fraction of brain cell membrane preparations, the natural ligand of these receptors may be a neuro-transmitter. Enkephalin has stronger binding affinity to opiate receptors than morphine, which suggests that it is the natural ligand for these receptors. In other words, enkephalin might be the natural "pain killer" produced in the brain to suppress pain. If we summate all the information available now, it is possible to suggest that enkephalin may be the product of the nervous system released by acupuncture stimulation to create an analgesic effect as well as suppress opiate withdrawal symptoms.

scholarly journals Vesicular dysfunction and pathways to neurodegeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cellular Control

Abstract Cellular control of vesicle biology and trafficking is critical for cell viability, with disruption of these pathways within the cells of the central nervous system resulting in neurodegeneration and disease. The past two decades have provided important insights into both the genetic and biological links between vesicle trafficking and neurodegeneration. In this essay, the pathways that have emerged as being critical for neuronal survival in the human brain will be discussed – illustrating the diversity of proteins and cellular events with three molecular case studies drawn from different neurological diseases.

Localization of migraine susceptibility genes in human brain by single-cell RNA sequencing

Cephalalgia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 1976-1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Renthal
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Single Cell Rna Sequencing ◽  
Brain Cell Types

Background Migraine is a debilitating disorder characterized by severe headaches and associated neurological symptoms. A key challenge to understanding migraine has been the cellular complexity of the human brain and the multiple cell types implicated in its pathophysiology. The present study leverages recent advances in single-cell transcriptomics to localize the specific human brain cell types in which putative migraine susceptibility genes are expressed. Methods The cell-type specific expression of both familial and common migraine-associated genes was determined bioinformatically using data from 2,039 individual human brain cells across two published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets. Enrichment of migraine-associated genes was determined for each brain cell type. Results Analysis of single-brain cell RNA sequencing data from five major subtypes of cells in the human cortex (neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and endothelial cells) indicates that over 40% of known migraine-associated genes are enriched in the expression profiles of a specific brain cell type. Further analysis of neuronal migraine-associated genes demonstrated that approximately 70% were significantly enriched in inhibitory neurons and 30% in excitatory neurons. Conclusions This study takes the next step in understanding the human brain cell types in which putative migraine susceptibility genes are expressed. Both familial and common migraine may arise from dysfunction of discrete cell types within the neurovascular unit, and localization of the affected cell type(s) in an individual patient may provide insight into to their susceptibility to migraine.

The history and scope of neuropsychiatry

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Michael Trimble
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
The Brain

This chapter discusses the clinical necessity from which the intersection of neurology and psychiatry arose, exploring different eras and their associated intellectual milestones in order to understand the historical framework of contemporary neuropsychiatry. Identifying Hippocrates’ original acknowledgement of the relation of the human brain to epilepsy as a start point, the historical development of the field is traced. This encompasses Thomas Willis and his nascent descriptions of the limbic system, the philosophical and alchemical strides of the Enlightenment, and the motivations behind the Romantic era attempts to understand the brain. It then follows the growth of the field through the turn of the twentieth century, in spite of the prominence of psychoanalysis and the idea of the brainless mind, and finally the understanding of the ‘integrated action’ of the body and nervous system, which led to the integration of psychiatry and neurology, allowing for the first neuropsychiatric examinations of epilepsy.

Human brain in tissue culture. I. Acquisition, initial processing, and establishment of brain cell cultures

1975 ◽  
Vol 161 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald H. Gilden ◽  
Mary Devlin ◽  
Zofia Wroblewska ◽  
Harvey Friedman ◽  
Lucy Balian Rorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Brain Cell Cultures ◽  
Initial Processing

Primary Blast Causes Delayed Effects without Cell Death in Shell-Encased Brain Cell Aggregates

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Sawyer ◽  
David V. Ritzel ◽  
Yushan Wang ◽  
Tyson Josey ◽  
Mercy Villanueva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Cell Aggregates ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
Delayed Effects
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