The Stability of the Circadian Rhythm of the Green Finch (Carduelis chloris) Either in a Weak 10-Hz Electric Field or a Negatively Ionized Atmosphere

1992 ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Thomas Lintzen ◽  
Günther Boese ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Heinrich Falk ◽  
Joseph Eichmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Carduelis Chloris ◽  
The Stability

The Stability of the Circadian Rhythm of Green Finches (Carduelis chloris) under the Influence of a Weak Electrical Field

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lintzen ◽  
Günter Boese ◽  
Michael Müller ◽  
Joseph Eichmeier ◽  
Gerhard Ruhenstroth-Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
Carduelis Chloris ◽  
The Stability

Directionality and the Role of Polarization in Electric Field Effects on Radical Stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Gryn'ova ◽  
Michelle L. Coote
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Electric Field Effects ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
Barrier Heights ◽  
Diol Dehydratase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Stability

Accurate quantum-chemical calculations are used to analyze the effects of charges on the kinetics and thermodynamics of radical reactions, with specific attention given to the origin and directionality of the effects. Conventionally, large effects of the charges are expected to occur in systems with pronounced charge-separated resonance contributors. The nature (stabilization or destabilization) and magnitude of these effects thus depend on the orientation of the interacting multipoles. However, we show that a significant component of the stabilizing effects of the external electric field is largely independent of the orientation of external electric field (e.g. a charged functional group, a point charge, or an electrode) and occurs even in the absence of any pre-existing charge separation. This effect arises from polarization of the electron density of the molecule induced by the electric field. This polarization effect is greater for highly delocalized species such as resonance-stabilized radicals and transition states of radical reactions. We show that this effect on the stability of such species is preserved in chemical reaction energies, leading to lower bond-dissociation energies and barrier heights. Finally, our simplified modelling of the diol dehydratase-catalyzed 1,2-hydroxyl shift indicates that such stabilizing polarization is likely to contribute to the catalytic activity of enzymes.

scholarly journals Electro-responsive polyelectrolyte-coated surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sénéchal ◽  
H. Saadaoui ◽  
J. Rodriguez-Hernandez ◽  
C. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Electrical Stimulus ◽  
Colloidal Dispersions ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Molecular Response ◽  
Coated Surfaces ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Applied Fields

The anchoring of polymer chains at solid surfaces is an efficient way to modify interfacial properties like the stability and rheology of colloidal dispersions, lubrication and biocompatibility. Polyelectrolytes are good candidates for the building of smart materials, as the polyion chain conformation can often be tuned by manipulation of different physico-chemical variables. However, achieving efficient and reversible control of this process represents an important technological challenge. In this regard, the application of an external electrical stimulus on polyelectrolytes seems to be a convenient control strategy, for several reasons. First, it is relatively easy to apply an electric field to the material with adequate spatiotemporal control. In addition, in contrast to chemically induced changes, the molecular response to a changing electric field occurs relatively quickly. If the system is properly designed, this response can then be used to control the magnitude of surface properties. In this work we discuss the effect of an external electric field on the adhesion and lubrication properties of several polyelectrolyte-coated surfaces. The influence of the applied field is investigated at different pH and salt conditions, as the polyelectrolyte conformation is sensitive to these variables. We show that it is possible to fine tune friction and adhesion using relatively low applied fields.

The tuning effect of the electric field on the physical properties of some typical wurtzite semiconductors

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (33) ◽  
pp. 1750310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Ning Li ◽  
San-Lue Hu ◽  
Hao-Yu Dong ◽  
Xiao-Ying Xu ◽  
Jia-Fu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Electronic Structures ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Wurtzite Semiconductors

Under the tuning of an external electric field, the variation of the geometric structures and the band gaps of the wurtzite semiconductors ZnS, ZnO, BeO, AlN, SiC and GaN have been investigated by the first-principles method based on density functional theory. The stability, density of states, band structures and the charge distribution have been analyzed under the electric field along (001) and (00[Formula: see text]) directions. Furthermore, the corresponding results have been compared without the electric field. According to our calculation, we find that the magnitude and the direction of the electric field have a great influence on the electronic structures of the wurtzite materials we mentioned above, which induce a phase transition from semiconductor to metal under a certain electric field. Therefore, we can regulate their physical properties of this type of semiconductor materials by tuning the magnitude and the direction of the electric field.

Electrically driven jets

1969 ◽  
Vol 313 (1515) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Soap Film ◽  
Radial Electric Field ◽  
Viscous Fluids ◽  
Critical Fields ◽  
Water Jets ◽  
Viscous Jets ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability Of Water ◽  
Long Cylinder

Fine jets of slightly conducting viscous fluids and thicker jets or drops of less viscous ones can be drawn from conducting tubes by electric forces. As the potential of the tube relative to a neighbouring plate rises, viscous fluids become nearly conical and fine jets come from the vertices. The potentials at which these jets or drops first appear was measured and compared with calculations. The stability of viscous jets depends on the geometry of the electrodes. Jets as small as 20 μm in diameter and 5 cm long were produced which were quite steady up to a millimetre from their ends. Attempts to describe them mathematically failed. Their stability seems to be due to mechanical rather than electrical causes, like that of a stretched string, which is straight when pulled but bent when pushed. Experiments on the stability of water jets in a parallel electric field reveal two critical fields, one at which jets that are breaking into drops become steady and another at which these steady jets become unsteady again, without breaking into drops. Experiments are described in which a cylindrical soap film becomes unstable under a radial electric field. The results are compared with calculations by A. B. Basset and after a mistake in his analysis is corrected, agreement is found over the range where experiments are possible. Basset’s calculations for axisymmetrical disturbances are extended to those in which the jet moves laterally. Though this is the form in which the instability appears, calculations about uniform jets do not seem to be relevant. In an appendix M. D. Van Dyke calculates the attraction between a long cylinder and a perpendicular plate at a different potential.

The Stability of Natural Convection in an Inclined Fluid Layer in the Presence of AC Electric Field

1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 2479-2484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. K. El Adawi ◽  
El Sayed F. El Shehawey ◽  
Safaa A. Shalaby ◽  
Mohamed I. A. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Natural Convection ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Inclined Fluid Layer ◽  
The Stability

Electrocaloric Effect of (110) Oriented KNbO3 Film

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 5247-5252
Author(s):  
MinYa Jin ◽  
JianHua Qiu ◽  
ZhiHui Chen ◽  
XiuQin Wang ◽  
NingYi Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Thermodynamic Potential ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Misfit Strain ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Electrocaloric Effect ◽  
Phase Map ◽  
The Stability

The room temperature electrocaloric effect is researched for (110) oriented KNbO3 film based on Landau-Devonshire theory. The phase map with different ferroelectric states is built at room temperature with the considerations of thermodynamic equilibrium conditions and minimum of thermodynamic potential. Five ferroelectric structural phases are obtained theoretically. The negative in-plane misfit strains are conducive to form the tetragonal c phase and the positive strains are in favor of the stability of tetragonal a1 and a2 phases. The electrocaloric effect relies on both misfit strain and electric field. Moreover, large electrocaloric effect is achieved in the orthorhombic phases.

Sinusoidal AC-induced electrohydrodynamic direct-writing nanofibers on insulating collector

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140009
Author(s):  
Huatan Chen ◽  
Guoyi Kang ◽  
Jiaxin Jiang ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Xiang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Ac Electric Field ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Voltage Frequency ◽  
Fiber Deposition ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Application Fields

Printing orderly patterns on the insulating collector is the key for the development and application of flexible electronics. However, electrospinning on the insulating collector still has the problem of unstable jet due to the charge accumulation. The alternating current (AC)-induced electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (EDW) technology is a good way to decrease the interferences of charge repulsion, which is beneficial to printing orderly micro/nanostructures on the insulating collector. In this work, the sinusoidal AC-induced EDW is used to enhance the stability of charged jet and the deposition behaviors under AC electric field are also studied. The reciprocation transferring of charges induced by the AC electric field decreased the density of the accumulating charges on the insulating collector. The effect of AC electric field parameters on the direct-written micro/nanostructures are investigated to optimize the printing process. As the voltage peak increases, the fiber deposition bandwidth shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing. Increasing the voltage frequency appropriately is beneficial to decrease the bandwidth of fiber deposition and to increase the stability of the jet. By improving the stability and controllability of the jet printing process, precise micro/nanopatterns can be direct-written on the insulating collector. This research provides a good foundation for expanding the application fields of EDW.

scholarly journals Effects of Pulsed Electric Field-Assisted Osmotic Dehydration and Edible Coating on the Recovery of Anthocyanins from In Vitro Digested Berries

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Oliveira ◽  
Urszula Tylewicz ◽  
Marco Dalla Rosa ◽  
Thomas Andlid ◽  
Marie Alminger
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Osmotic Dehydration ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Edible Coating ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Berry Fruits ◽  
Shelf Stable ◽  
The Impact

Berry fruits, such as strawberries and blueberries, are rich sources of anthocyanins. Several studies have been made on the impact of non-thermal treatments on safety, shelf-life and nutritional characteristics of such products, but the effects of these processes on anthocyanin stability during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract are still not completely clear. The aim of this study was to assess the recovery of anthocyanins after simulated gastrointestinal digestion of (1) strawberry samples, pre-treated with pulsed electric field (PEF) at 100 or 200 V·cm−1, prior to osmotic dehydration (OD), and (2) blueberry samples coated with chitosan and procyanidin. After digestion, a significantly higher content of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside was quantified by LC-MS/MS in processed strawberry and blueberry samples, compared with the controls. The highest recovery of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was detected in digested strawberry samples osmotically dehydrated with trehalose. The recovery of malvidin-3-O-glucoside was highest in digested blueberries coated with chitosan and stored for 14 days, compared with untreated samples or samples coated with chitosan and procyanidin. Our study shows the potential of mild PEF treatments combined with OD, or the use of edible coating, to obtain shelf-stable products without substantially affecting the composition or the stability of anthocyanins during digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

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