Beta-Lactoglobulin Fibril Dispersions: Structural and Rheological Characteristics

Results of the Ayrshire breed cows, Holstein cows and Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows milk productiv-ity analysis in the same environment conditions and depending on the kappa-casein and beta-lactoglobulin genotypes are presented in this article. The animals are kept in the common environmental conditions of the LLC Farming firm “Pakhma», the Ayrshire breeding plant. Feeding of cows here is carried out according to detailed norms, concentrated feed averages 43%. The maintenance system is year-round stalling, milking is carried out in the milk line, the DeLaval milking machine is used, and labor-intensive processes in animal husbandry are mechanized. The farm has a milk processing shop. It was established that all the inspected cows (n=91) had a prevailing AA kappa-casein genotype – 75,8% on average. BB Ayrshire breed and Hol-stein-Yaroslavl cross breed genotypes were not established. AB and BB beta-lactoglobulin genotypes are seen on average with a frequency of 44%. AA beta-lactoglobulin genotype in Holstein cows breed was not found. The indicators of statistically reliable difference in milkability among all groups and genotypes was not estab-lished. A higher consistence of protein in the milk of B-allele kappa-casein type cows is evident in all groups with no difference between breed belonging. The complex variant of CSN3/LGB genotypes showed that ac-cording to ultimate milk fat and protein yield the most productive cows were:АВ/ВВ, АВ/АВ genotype Ayr-shire cows, АВ/АВ Holstein genotype cows, AB/BB genotype Holstein-Yaroslavl cross breed cows. Hence, the most efficient cows are those with B-allele variants.

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REALIZATION OF PARENTAL INDICES OF COW PRODUCTIVITY IN DIFFERENT MILKING BREEDS AT BREEDING FARM "AGROFIRMA "PAKHMA"

АГРАРНЫЙ ВЕСТНИК ВЕРХНЕВОЛЖЬЯ ◽

10.35523/2307-5872-2020-30-1-97-102 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Cattle Breed ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Milk Productivity ◽

Cattle Breeds ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Production Indices ◽

High Level ◽

Beta Lactoglobulin ◽

Percentage Protein

Combination of genotypes of main types’ genetic markers causes milk productivity in cattle. The article studies correlation between kappa casein genotypes (C3N3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), their complexes and milk production indices in cows bred under equal conditions at a breeding farm. The calculation of parental milk yield and fat indices between the three breeds showed a significant difference (P>0,999) of PCI of Ayrshire and Holstein cattle breed milk yield - 3395 kg, PCI of fat - 0,22%; between Holstein and Yaroslavl cattle breeds - 3200 kg, PCI offat - 0,16%. A significant difference of realization indices of protein between all three breeds was not stated. The highest realization ofparental milk yield index was stated - between Ayrshire and Yaroslavl cattle breeds- 113%, Holstein cattle breed - 88%. As for the fat and protein indices, all three cattle breeds showed a high realization of PCI from 98% to 109%. However, Holstein cattle breed showed the highest percentage: protein - 101%, fat - 109%. A significant difference of PCI realization of milk productivity in CSN3 and LGB genotypes was not stated. It was also stated that there is a tendency of high level parental indices realization when there is a higher number of B-allele variants in genotypes of cows.

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Some Recent Developments in Sewage Sludge Pumping

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1988.0171 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 20 (4-5) ◽

pp. 227-236

Author(s):

J. H. Lohmann ◽

W. F. Garber

Keyword(s):

Sewage Sludge ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Collection System ◽

Positive Displacement ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Cylinder Piston ◽

Pumping Equipment

The pumping of sewage sludge solids is reviewed in terms of handling high and low viscosity materials with solids concentrations varying from about 4 % to perhaps 50 %. Knowledge of rheological characteristics including thixotropy is necessary in designing pumping systems with sludge solids percentages, volatile content, particle size, abrasives content and temperatures being variables which could change pump types found suitable from facility to facility. The characteristics of a sewage collection system is also important in determining pumping parameters needed in a treatment plant. Solids handling equipment from other industries have made significant contributions to sewage solids pumping in recent years. Included are moyno-type progressing cavity screw-centrifugal, recessed impeller rotation piston positive displacement, and two cylinder piston S-transfer positive displacement pumps. Pumping equipment used in the F.R.G. and in Southern California in the U.S.A. is remarkably similar. These types of pumps offer the possibility of designing optimum solids dewatering and transfer systems.

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Rheological Characteristics and Methodology of Ice Cream: A Review

Current Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.2174/1573401315666190904140516 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 666-674

Author(s):

Amir M. Mortazavian ◽

Najme Kheynoor ◽

Zahra Pilevar ◽

Zhaleh Sheidaei ◽

Samira Beikzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Design ◽

Flow Behavior ◽

Ice Cream ◽

Rheological Parameters ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Rheological Analysis ◽

Fundamental Information ◽

Food Structure ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

Penetration Tests

The rheological analysis is important analytical tools used to obtain fundamental information about food structure. For instance, the properties of flow of liquid and semi-solidity are characterized by the consistency and flow behavior experiments as two important rheological parameters. The rheological parameters of foods are applied in quality control of the products and processing of food products such as energy input calculations, process design, equipment selection, and especially for deciding on heat exchangers and pumps. Steady flow behavior, oscillatory, and penetration tests are among commonly used parameters for evaluating rheological characteristics of ice cream. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of recent experiments and methods for measuring the rheological and texture properties of ice cream.

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Investigating the Rheological Properties and Heat Stability of Polyarylsulphone Sulphides of Domestic Grades

International Polymer Science and Technology ◽

10.1177/0307174x1704400104 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

A.B. Baranov ◽

I.D. Simonov-Emel'yanov ◽

T.I. Andreeva ◽

T.N. Prudskova ◽

V.I. Sazikov

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Heat Stability ◽

Chain Structure ◽

Low Flow ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Melt Viscosity ◽

Full Curve ◽

Temperature Range ◽

Service Characteristics

The rheological characteristics of melts of polyarylsulphone sulphides of domestic grades were investigated in the temperature range 240–360°C. Full curves of heat stability were obtained, and formulae were proposed for their description. Polyarylsulphone sulphides (PSPSs) are heat-resistant polymers of structural designation of the polysulphone (PSP) class, the domestic production technology of which was developed at OAO “Institut plastmass”, which makes it possible to carry out the production of a wide grade range of PSP of different polymer chain structure and molecular weight. The main problem in the processing of PSPSs is their high melt viscosity and fairly low flow. Increase in the processing temperature lowers their melt viscosity, but there is then the danger of thermooxidative degradation of the polymer and consequently of deterioration in the service characteristics and appearance of articles. The aim of this work was to investigate the rheological characteristics and to obtain the full curve of heat stability for domestic grades of PSPSs and PSP of different molecular weight in a wide processing temperature range.

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