Central Nervous System Neuron-Glia Co-culture Models

2012 ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Skaper ◽  
Laura Facci
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Central Nervous System Neuron ◽  
Culture Models

Urinary bladder extracellular matrix hydrogels and matrix-bound vesicles differentially regulate central nervous system neuron viability and axon growth and branching

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1277-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Faust ◽  
Apoorva Kandakatla ◽  
Yolandi van der Merwe ◽  
Tanchen Ren ◽  
Luai Huleihel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Hippocampal Neuron ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Primary Hippocampal Neuron ◽  
Central Nervous System Neuron ◽  
Urinary Bladder Matrix ◽  
Matrix Bound

Central nervous system neurons often degenerate after trauma due to the inflammatory innate immune response to injury, which can lead to neuronal cell death, scarring, and permanently lost neurologic function. Extracellular matrix bioscaffolds, derived by decellularizing healthy tissues, have been widely used in both preclinical and clinical studies to promote positive tissue remodeling, including neurogenesis, in numerous tissues, with extracellular matrix from homologous tissues often inducing more positive responses. Extracellular matrix hydrogels are liquid at room temperature and enable minimally invasive extracellular matrix injections into central nervous system tissues, before gelation at 37℃. However, few studies have analyzed how extracellular matrix hydrogels influence primary central nervous system neuron survival and growth, and whether central nervous system and non-central nervous system extracellular matrix specificity is critical to neuronal responses. Urinary bladder extracellular matrix hydrogels increase both primary hippocampal neuron survival and neurite growth to similar or even greater extents, suggesting extracellular matrix from non-homologous tissue sources, such as urinary bladder matrix-extracellular matrix, may be a more economical and safer alternative to developing central nervous system extracellular matrices for central nervous system applications. Additionally, we show matrix-bound vesicles derived from urinary bladder extracellular matrix are endocytosed by hippocampal neurons and positively regulate primary hippocampal neuron neurite growth. Matrix-bound vesicles carry protein and RNA cargos, including noncoding RNAs and miRNAs that map to the human genome and are known to regulate cellular processes. Thus, urinary bladder matrix-bound vesicles provide natural and transfectable cargoes which offer new experimental tools and therapeutic applications to study and treat central nervous system neuron injury.

Cell Culture Models of Oxidative Stress and Injury in the Central Nervous System

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Aksenova ◽  
Michael Aksenov ◽  
Charles Mactutus ◽  
Rosemarie Booze
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Culture Models ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cell Culture Models

Neurotropic enteroviruses co-opt “fair-weather-friend” commensal gut microbiota to drive host infection and central nervous system disturbances

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Fair Weather ◽  
Host Health ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Host Infection ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Conditions

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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