Heritage of Neem–Peepal Tree Resides a Profound Scientific Facts

Author(s):  
K. L. Ashalatha ◽  
Malali Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Commonwealth ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Arway

The challenges of including factual information in public policy and political discussions are many. The difficulties of including scientific facts in these debates can often be frustrating for scientists, politicians and policymakers alike. At times it seems that discussions involve different languages or dialects such that it becomes a challenge to even understand one another’s position. Oftentimes difference of opinion leads to laws and regulations that are tilted to the left or the right. The collaborative balancing to insure public and natural resource interests are protected ends up being accomplished through extensive litigation in the courts. In this article, the author discusses the history of environmental balancing during the past three decades from the perspective of a field biologist who has used the strength of our policies, laws and regulations to fight for the protection of our Commonwealth’s aquatic resources. For the past 7 years, the author has taken over the reins of “the most powerful environmental agency in Pennsylvania” and charted a course using science to properly represent natural resource interests in public policy and political deliberations.


2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Alloa

Der Begriff der Phänomenotechnik, den Gaston Bachelard in den 1930er Jahren einführte, erfreut sich in der neueren Wissenschaftsforschung großer Beliebtheit, welche damit auf die technische und sozial vermittelte Dimension wissenschaftlicher Tatsachen hinweist. Im Zuge der allgegenwärtigen Rückkehr zu ›realistischen‹ Wirklichkeitsauffassungen wurde das Konzept der Phänomenotechnik mehrheitlich als ›konstruktivisches‹ Relikt verworfen. Der Beitrag schlägt eine alternative Lesart des Konzepts vor, in der es anstelle der These von der Konstruiertheit aller wissenschaftlicher Tatsachen um die spezifische Verbindung von Phänomenalität und Technizität geht: Was heißt es, davon auszugehen, dass dasjenige, was erscheint, nicht einfach gegeben ist, sondern immer erst zur Sichtbarkeit gebracht werden muss? Anstelle einer Technikauffassung, die Technik bloß auf Entlastung und auf die Fähigkeit des ›Übersehens‹ zurückführt (›Anästhesie‹ des Mediums), wird für eine Technikauffassung plädiert, die der eigentümlich hervorbringenden, aisthetisierenden Leistung des Technischen Rechnung trägt. Abschließend werden die Parameter einer noch zu schreibenden ›Techno-Ästhetik‹ benannt. <br><br>The notion of ‘phenomenotechnique’ which Gaston Bachelard introduced in the 1930’s has enjoyed popularity among historians of science who used it in order to insist upon the technical and social mediateness of scientific facts. In the wake of the current triumphal return to epistemological ‘realism,’ the idea of phenomenotechnique has been dismissed as an alleged relic of ‘constructivism.’ The article advocates for a different reading of ‘phenomenotechnique,’ which, rather than insisting on the fabrication of the scientific fact, highlights the intrinsic connection of phenomenality and technicality. Phenomena are not simply given, they must be brought to visibility. While philosophies of technique have mostly stressed that technicity consists in overlooking the process (the ‘anesthesia’ of the medium), the paper argues for a conception of technicity that makes space for its productive, aestheticizing capacity. Finally, the article gestures towards parameters of what a ‘techno-aesthetics’ could look like.


2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252198919
Author(s):  
Roderik Rekker

People have a tendency to disregard information that contradicts their partisan or ideological identity. This inclination can become especially striking when citizens reject notions that scientists would consider “facts” in the light of overwhelming scientific evidence and consensus. The resulting polarization over science has reached alarming levels in recent years. This theoretical review conceptualizes political polarization over science and argues that it is driven by two interrelated processes. Through psychological science rejection, people can implicitly disregard scientific facts that are inconsistent with their political identity. Alternatively, citizens can engage in ideological science rejection by adhering to a political ideology that explicitly contests science. This contestation can in turn be subdivided into four levels of generalization: An ideology can dispute either specific scientific claims, distinct research fields, science in general, or the entire political system and elite. By proposing this interdisciplinary framework, this article aims to integrate insights from various disciplines.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-288
Author(s):  
Pola Groß

AbstractThis article approaches Ludwik Fleck’s work from a literary perspective. It argues that Fleck is not only concerned with how scientific facts emerge, but, in accordance with his broader epistemology, with how different knowledges of reality emerge, through intra- and intercollective migrations of concepts and thoughts through different styles of thinking. Thus, in order to comprehend such cognitive traversal, interpretation, which I take to be suggested in Fleck’s work, is required. In this, I draw on the work of Andrzej Przyłębski and Dimitri Ginev, who see an implicit hermeneutics anticipated in Fleck’s work. These writings are supplemented and expanded by considering the concept of style, including Fleck’s own style, before examining what role literature, art, and language play in Fleck’s conception of thought style and thought collective. To this end, Fleck’s article »The Problem of Epistemology« from 1936, which has received little scholarly attention so far, is highlighted.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Shira Shmuely

The 1876 British Cruelty to Animals Act introduced an unprecedented administrative system to supervise any experiment “calculated to give pain” to a living animal. The act, which was in force for a hundred years, established a tight system of control over animal experimentation, including a small, but vigorous, inspectorate. This article explores the relations between bureaucracy and the production of knowledge through the correspondences, memos, and notes taken by two principal inspectors under the act. The inspectors belonged to the worlds of both law and science. Coming from within the scientific profession, their close ties to medical social circles not only evoked critique but also helped them fulfill their tasks and gain access to research laboratories. Archival records examined here for the first time show that, although the inspectors downplayed animals’ pain in physiological laboratories, the inspectorate played an important role in shaping the experimental space and practice, thus facilitating the production of “ethical scientific facts.” The inspectors’ work modeled the new legal regime of animal experimentation regulation, making them indispensable agents in the act’s coproduction of knowledge and public order.


2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahwahida Mohd Yusof ◽  
Siti Norlina Muhamad ◽  
Arieff Salleh Rosman ◽  
Sarimah Noor Ahmad ◽  
Nor Farhah Razak ◽  
...  

This article discusses the phenomenon of sleep, with emphasized to its importance, sleeping times, sleeping positions and even the etiquette of sleeping, from the views of Islam and Science. The Quran and Science are inseparable and the relationship between the two is highly balanced. Scientists have said that the phenomena of sleep is a miracle that deserves to be analysed and studied in depth, as it is a complex phenomena. Glory and Praise to be Allah Almighty has decreed in the Quran of the importance of sleep in the day and night, and that sleep is one of the signs of Allah’s Almighty power and is a miracle to be studied by each individual. Islam places great importance on taking care of one’s body and sleep is one need that has to be fulfilled. Scientists have stressed that sleep is needed to rest the brain, improve memory, and increase one’s energy. This shows that Islam places great importance on having productivity and alertness in each individual’s deed. Many scientific facts that had been clearly stated in a fundamental manner in the Quran could only be analysed with the advanced technology of the 20th century. These facts were not known when they were first revealed and are proof that the Quran is the book of Allah Almighty. The view of Islam on the sleep phenomenon is in line with and is according to the findings of contemporary scien


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  

We have reported that 40 specific intractable diseases and 24 types of cancer and malignancies as well as Kawasaki disease may be triggered by pollen in our previous papers.Further, we reported in 2021 two articles regarding relation of outbreak of Influenza and COVID-19, and pollen exposure. In this paper, five distinguished ophthalmologists will be considered and described. Mikito Takayasu was the first person to report the discovery of Takayasu's arteritis, one of the vasculitis syndromes, which may be a pollen-induced disease as well as Kawasaki disease. Next, Einosuke Harada, Alfred Vogt and Yoshizo Koyanagi are considered and described as the reporters of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. The fifth ophthalmologist is Li Wenliang who was the first person in the world to report the outbreak of SARS-COV-2 infection. Many people are still unaware of the fact that exposure to pollen can lead to many diseases. The author hopes that those who are involved in medical care will consider the scientific facts, keep their eyes open, and use this knowledge in their daily activities, although clear proof in experimental medicine is craved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Uribe Rivera ◽  
Elizabeth Artmann

Abstract: This article discusses elements of a theory of innovation from the perspective of innovation networks and social construction of technology, based on Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action and authors from the Sociology of Innovation. Based on the theoretical framework of the communicative production of scientific facts, we focus on innovation management as a basic dimension that must meet some organizational and methodological requirements in order to power its results. We present and discuss instruments such as Situational Planning, Prospective Analysis, Strategic Portfolio Management, and Networks Management that can help deal with the challenge of innovation and exploration of the future. We conclude that network organizational formats centered on reflexivity of interdisciplinary groups and planning approaches that encourage innovation criteria in assessing the attractiveness of activities and that help anticipate forms of innovation through systematic prospective analysis can potentiate the process of generating innovation as a product of networks.


1983 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Dominique Adenot ◽  
Bruno Latour ◽  
Steve Woolgar

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