The Charlie Hebdo Terrorist Attack and European Journalistic Solidarity (with Lea Hellmueller)

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-179
Author(s):  
Lyombe Eko
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

scholarly journals Freedom of Expression, Secularism and Defamation of Religion: The Case of Charlie Hebdo

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Peonidis
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Basic Rights ◽  
Legal Sanctions ◽  
Religious Criticism ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

I argue that under normal circumstances a state that is liberal and secular should not use its legal apparatus to suppress the publication of cartoons like those that triggered the deadly terrorist attack on the premises of Charlie Hebdo in 2015, if it is determined to abide by its core values. These values, which include religious neutrality, religious freedom, and unhindered freedom of criticism, imply that individual citizens are prima facie legally free to express their disapproval of particular religions or religious faith in general, through any non-violent means they consider appropriate, including parody and ridicule. This idea is open to various objections. Those focusing on the protection of religion as such can be easily dismissed, but the charge that defamation of religion causes offence to believers has to be taken seriously. Nevertheless, I defend the view that we need something stronger than taking offense to justifiably ban harsh religious criticism. In particular, I argue that, if the above sort of criticism prevents its recipients from exercising their basic rights or it incites third parties to engage in criminal activities against the above individuals, it should be subject to legal sanctions. However, this is not the case with the cartoons that appeared in Charlie Hebdo, since, as far as I can tell, no basic rights of French Muslims were violated, and no violent actions were committed against them as a result of their publication.

scholarly journals The Charlie Hebdo Attacks on Twitter: A Comparative Analysis of a Political Controversy in English and French

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630511769364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Smyrnaios ◽  
Pierre Ratinaud
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Large Scale Network ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

In this article, we propose an original method combining large-scale network and lexicometric analysis to link identifiable communities of Twitter users with the main discursive themes they used in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris, France in 2015. We used this method to compare tweets and user networks in French and in English. We observed that the majority of the users who tweeted about Charlie Hebdo were people without any particular affiliation, who were shocked by the attacks and immediately expressed themselves through emotionally charged messages. But rather quickly their proportion decreased and they participated less in politically polarizing discussions. On the other hand, we found that smaller, highly politicized, and polarized groups had similar attitudes toward the events: they were less engaged immediately after the attacks in emotional expression of sympathy and shock, but they participated vividly in the following days in polemical discussions or engaged themes. Other findings include the central position of mainstream media and the existence of groups of users that aggregated on the basis of nationality. More generally, our results show clearly that even the most dramatic events such as a terrorist attack with innocent victims do not produce homogeneous reactions online. Rather, political engagement and cultural dispositions are keys to understand different attitudes on Twitter.

scholarly journals The CAC 40 Index’s Reaction to Terrorist Attacks: The Case of Charlie Hebdo

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Khoury Rim El
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Returns ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Abnormal Profits ◽  
Event Study Methodology ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

Abstract Over the last decades, terrorism has become a global phenomenon to which every society is exposed from time to time. Terrorist attacks can have many economic consequences that may affect a number of sectors, including the capital market. The main goal of this paper is to examine the reaction of the CAC40 index to one terrorist attack, mainly “Charlie Hebdo” using an event study methodology. By calculating the abnormal returns and the cumulative abnormal returns in the event period, the results obtained show no significant abnormal returns on the day of the terrorist attack suggesting that the market had directly absorbed the effect of the attack. Thus, the findings suggest that the French market is semi-strong efficient. Investors can rely neither on past information nor on publicly available information to make abnormal profits.

scholarly journals A research methodology in the service of critical thinking: Hermeneutic approach in the post-truth era

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Arriazu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Social Fact ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

The hermeneutic methodology is an analytical and dialectical approach that is irreplaceable for the development of critical thinking. In the post-truth era, the traditional interpretation of text has given way to more complex interpretative instances in which audiovisual content is the basis of new narratives and new knowledge. Qualitative methodological research has always claimed socio-historical and temporal prominence in the analysis of social phenomena. Accepting this premise, hermeneutics is presented as a plausible methodological research strategy for analyzing the representation of a social fact. Specifically, the aim of this research is to show the potential of hermeneutic analysis by examining two opposing versions of the terrorist attack that took place at the headquarters of the satirical weekly magazine, Charlie Hebdo, in 2015. To conduct this analysis the researcher has used the hermeneutic methodology of suspicion (Gadamer, 1960/2004). A main conclusion is that the Internet has become a catalyst for multiple truths in the post-truth era. The Internet is an exhaust pipeline where critical thinking is expounded. The Internet, in short, is a space of resistance where people are able to question the mainstream media’s versions and interpretations of events as imposed by the elite Davos Class.

scholarly journals The dynamics of negative stereotypes as revealed by tweeting behavior in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack

Heliyon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e04311
Author(s):  
Yousri Marzouki ◽  
Eliza Barach ◽  
Vidhushini Srinivasan ◽  
Samira Shaikh ◽  
Laurie Beth Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

Tackling “conspiracy” theories after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris

Diogenes ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 039219212092453
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kreis
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Conspiracy Theory ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Broad Application ◽  
The Media ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

The terrorist attack against the satirical weekly newspaper Charlie Hebdo and the subsequent hostage-taking in the kosher supermarket in Paris on the 7th and 9th January 2015 profoundly shocked the French public. The term ‘conspiracy theory’ very rapidly came to be used in the media to account for accusations of a ‘false flag operation’ and for the circulation of doubts concerning certain details relating to these events. The use of the term ‘conspiracy theory’ in these contexts seemed to show up an extremely broad application of it, an application, which, in some cases, was accompanied by a rather impassioned approach to the events and one not always free from ideological presuppositions which aligned phenomena which, even though linkages between them could be shown, should more properly be distinguished one from another. This article proposes to examine the media and institutional applications of this term during the episode of the ‘anti-conspiracy theory panic’, which followed upon the Paris incidents. This study will permit the very notion of ‘conspiracy theory’ to be brought into question, both on the level of definition and from a heuristic perspective.

scholarly journals The Digital Griotte: Bessora’s Para/Textual Discourses on Identity Politics and Neocolonialism in Contemporary France

Humanities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Claire Mouflard
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
French Culture ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

This article examines Bessora’s literary and digital criticism of postcolonial France, particularly in her first novel, 53 cm, and on her website, Tendre peau de vache. Bessora’s use of digital media in particular allows her to chronicle unofficial discourses on immigration, migration, and identity politics in France as alternative textual productions to her printed novels. Since there is a gap in academic studies regarding author websites and their contents, this study aims to start a conversation on the discursive function of an author’s digital textual productions. Following Jean Baudrillard’s theory in The Spirit of Terrorism according to which a terrorist act is successful when it distances itself from the real and exalts itself in the realm of the symbolic, this article argues that Bessora’s digital discourses on the post-Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack effectively denounce the disappearance of the real in French culture in favor of ideals such as the #jesuischarlie movement. From the publication of 53 cm in 1999 to her commentaries on France’s alienation of the lowest socio-economic class in Le Testament de Nicolas (2016), the self-proclaimed griotte’s print and digital productions complement each other and bring the reader closer to an understanding of institutional neocolonialist practices in France.

Journalism, solidarity and the civil sphere: The case of Charlie Hebdo

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Luengo ◽  
Karoline Andrea Ihlebæk
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The West ◽  
The Core ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Civil Sphere ◽  
Cartoon Crisis ◽  
Media Discourses ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

On 7 January 2015, Said and Chérif Kouachi assaulted the offices of the French satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo, leaving 12 people dead. The terrorist attack soon became a highly symbolic event, reflecting the core struggle between free speech and religious values that escalated after the ‘cartoon crisis’ in 2005. In this article, we wish to explore media discourses in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo attack in three European countries – Spain, Norway and the United Kingdom. In particular, we investigate if and how journalism performed their role as ‘vital centre’ in the ‘civil sphere’. We find that the patterns of in-group and out-group were carefully constructed to avoid polarization between ‘ordinary’ Muslims and the West in most newspapers. By doing so, most of the newspapers managed to work for the construction of an idealized civil sphere that exists beyond race, nationality or religion.

scholarly journals Psychological follow-up and its perception in civilians involved in the January 2015 terrorist attack in Paris, France

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Vuillermoz ◽  
Y Montreff ◽  
P Pirard ◽  
S Lesieur ◽  
P Chauvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The People ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Main Message ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

Abstract Background A terrorist attack occurred in Paris in January 2015 against the staffs of the Charlie Hebdo magazine and a kosher grocery. This study examined the psychological follow-up and the non-satisfaction of the people civilians involved in the terrorist attacks. Methods The IMPACTS survey, an open cohort study of civilians involved in the terrorist attacks was conducted 6-10 (wave 1) and 18-22 months (wave 2) after the attacks. Psychologists interviewed in face-to-face 190 civilians in wave 1 and 123 of them participate to the wave 2. A questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, exposure level, social support, psychological support and perception, impact on work and social functioning, and mental health disorders. Results In wave 1 (N = 190), 24% of participants had initiated a regular follow-up with a psychologist or a psychiatrist. Reasons of non-follow-up were: they had refused because they did not feel the need or they did not want to talk about it (60%), it was not suggested to them (30%), or they have already had a follow-up before (12%). In wave 2 (N = 123), 25% had a regular follow-up with a psychologist/psychiatrist since the events, 22.0% had had a follow-up but not anymore in wave 2, 15% did not have a follow-up in wave 1 but they had in wave 2 and 38.2% never had. Psychological aid from professionals for resilience has not been appropriate for 32% of the participants at 6 months and for 39% at 18 months. In both waves, non-satisfaction of follow-up was more frequent among witnesses than with those who were directly exposed. Conclusions Six months after the January 2015 terrorist attacks in Paris, among the participants without psychological follow-up, it was not offered to nearly a third of participants. In order to enhance resilience, psychological aid should also be provided to those who have not been directly exposed. Main message Psychological follow-up should be provided to all civilians in short and long-term.

scholarly journals Meaning-making and rumour-mongering in the shadow of terrorism: The case of the Charlie Hebdo attack in Paris

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 790-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Pelletier ◽  
Ewa Drozda-Senkowska
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Coping Process ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
The Social ◽  
Official Information ◽  
Charlie Hebdo

The January 7, 2015 Charlie Hebdo terrorist attack in Paris shattered French civilians’ sense of security and also their sense of the surrounding world. This quasi-longitudinal study investigates the temporal dynamics of meaning-making and rumour-mongering processes of French civilians (N = 161) in a real-world, post-terrorist context. The present study was conducted via questionnaire at three points in time (i.e. one week, one month and two months) following the January 7, 2015 terrorist attack in Paris. In line with the social stage model of collective coping with disasters (Pennebaker & Harber, 1993), the main results suggest that participants’ coping process of searching for meaning decreased progressively over the two-month period. However, participants’ finding the presence of meaning as an outcome did not differ across time. Moreover, participants’ belief in rumours and official information was stable over the two-month period. Such findings point to the importance of considering the temporal perspective in order to provide a better understanding of laypeople’s symbolic responses to terrorism.

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