Sugarcane Biofuel Production in South Africa, Guatemala, the Philippines, Argentina, Vietnam, Cuba, and Sri Lanka

Antimicrobial stewardship programs focus on reducing overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics (BSAs), primarily through interventions to change prescribing behavior. This study aims to identify multi-level influences on BSA overuse across diverse high and low income, and public and private, healthcare contexts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 46 prescribers from hospitals in the UK, Sri Lanka, and South Africa, including public and private providers. Interviews explored decision making about prescribing BSAs, drivers of the use of BSAs, and benefits of BSAs to various stakeholders, and were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Analysis identified drivers of BSA overuse at the individual, social and structural levels. Structural drivers of overuse varied significantly across contexts and included: system-level factors generating tensions with stewardship goals; limited material resources within hospitals; and patient poverty, lack of infrastructure and resources in local communities. Antimicrobial stewardship needs to encompass efforts to reduce the reliance on BSAs as a solution to context-specific structural conditions.

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Evidence for Better Lives Study: a comparative birth-cohort study on child exposure to violence and other adversities in eight low- and middle-income countries - foundational research (study protocol)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034986 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e034986 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Valdebenito ◽

Aja Murray ◽

Claire Hughes ◽

Adriana Băban ◽

Asvini D Fernando ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Exposure To Violence ◽

Well Being ◽

The Philippines ◽

Middle Income ◽

Violence Against Children ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Stress Markers ◽

Foundational Research

IntroductionViolence against children is a health, human rights and social problem affecting approximately half of the world’s children. Its effects begin at prenatal stages with long-lasting impacts on later health and well-being. The Evidence for Better Lives Study (EBLS) aims to produce high-quality longitudinal data from cities in eight low- and middle-income countries—Ghana, Jamaica, Pakistan, the Philippines, Romania, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Vietnam—to support effective intervention to reduce violence against children. EBLS-Foundational Research (EBLS-FR) tests critical aspects of the planned EBLS, including participant recruitment and retention, data collection and analysis. Alongside epidemiological estimates of levels and predictors of exposure to violence and adversity during pregnancy, we plan to explore mechanisms that may link exposure to violence to mothers’ biological stress markers and subjective well-being.Methods and analysesEBLS-FR is a short longitudinal study with a sample of 1200 pregnant women. Data are collected during the last trimester of pregnancy and 2 to 6 months after birth. The questionnaire for participating women has been translated into nine languages. Measures obtained from mothers will include, among others, mental and physical health, attitudes to corporal punishment, adverse childhood experiences, prenatal intimate partner violence, substance use and social/community support. Hair and dry blood spot samples are collected from the pregnant women to measure stress markers. To explore research participation among fathers, EBLS-FR is recruiting 300 fathers in the Philippines and Sri Lanka.Ethics and disseminationThe study received ethical approvals at all recruiting sites and universities in the project. Results will be disseminated through journal publications, conferences and seminar presentations involving local communities, health services and other stakeholders. Findings from this work will help to adjust the subsequent stages of the EBLS project.

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Mycosphaerella gibsonii. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1079/dmpd/20046500481 ◽

1994 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Hong Kong ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Central America ◽

Papua New Guinea ◽

West Indies ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Peninsular Malaysia ◽

Distribution Map ◽

New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella gibsonii H. C. Evans. Hosts: Pine (Pinus spp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Africa, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Asia, Bangladesh, China, Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Hong Kong, India, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Korea, Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Australasia & Oceania, Papua New Guinea, Central America & West Indies, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Nicaragua.

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Analysis of Real GDP, Imports and Exports of Indian Ocean RIM Association Member Nations

Psychology and Education Journal ◽

10.17762/pae.v58i2.1057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 68-100

Author(s):

Manbir Singh, Dr. Jasdeep Kaur Dhami

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Indian Ocean ◽

Regional Cooperation ◽

Islamic Republic ◽

Association Member ◽

Real Gdp ◽

Time Period ◽

The Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean woven together by transmission of trade, commands the control of majority of the world’s cargo ships, one third of the worlds cargo traffic and two thirds of total world’s oil shipments. The main aim of this paper is to analyse Real GDP, Imports and Exports of Indian Ocean RIM Association Member Nations. Time period of the study is from 1980 to 2019. Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation (IOR-ARC) contributes 11.7 per cent share in world exports, in case of member nations highest share is of Singapore 2.1 per cent followed by India and UAE 1.7 per cent, Australia 1.5 per cent, Thailand and Malaysia 1.3 per cent. Indonesia, South Africa, Bangladesh, Oman, Iran, Islamic Republic of, Sri Lanka the share in world exports is less than 1 per cent.

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Ludwigia hyssopifolia (water primrose).

10.1079/cpc.31670.20210100308 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chris Parker

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Current Distribution ◽

Pacific Islands ◽

The Philippines ◽

Christmas Island ◽

Western Samoa

Abstract L. hyssopifolia is an extremely widespread weed of rice and wetlands across three continents. Holm et al. (1979) record it as a 'serious' or 'principal' weed in Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, Malaysia, Nigeria and Trinidad, and common in Colombia and the Philippines. More recent publications confirm its importance in Malaysia (Begum et al., 2008) and in Sri Lanka (Chandrasena, 1987). While usually no more than 1 m high, it can grow to 3 m in height according to some authorities. Although there is some uncertainty over its native distribution, it is recorded as introduced and invasive on several Pacific islands, including Fiji, Kosrae, Pohnpei, Upolu (Western Samoa) and Christmas Island (HEAR, 2012). It is thus an aggressive weed of rice and of wetlands that poses a real threat to these ecologies. It has recently been identified as a 'new invader' in Spain (Ferrer and Laguna, 2009; Ferrer et al., 2009). Although this may be a slight exaggeration of its status there it does apparently have the ability to naturalise well north of its current distribution.

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