Quality of Labor Life in Workers of the Informal Economy in Guadalajara, Mexico

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-276
Author(s):  
Raquel González-Baltazar ◽  
Mónica I. Contreras-Estrada ◽  
Silvia G. León-Cortés ◽  
Brenda J. Hidalgo-González ◽  
Gustavo Hidalgo-Santacruz
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy

scholarly journals Health Services Use and Health Outcomes among Informal Economy Workers Compared with Formal Economy Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3189
Author(s):  
Nisha Naicker ◽  
Frank Pega ◽  
David Rees ◽  
Spo Kgalamono ◽  
Tanusha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Health Services Use ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Formal Economy ◽  
Relative Differences ◽  
Services Use

Background: There are approximately two billion workers in the informal economy globally. Compared to workers in the formal economy, these workers are often marginalised with minimal or no benefits from occupational health and safety regulations, labour laws, social protection and/or health care. Thus, informal economy workers may have higher occupational health risks compared to their formal counterparts. Our objective was to systematically review and meta-analyse evidence on relative differences (or inequalities) in health services use and health outcomes among informal economy workers, compared with formal economy workers. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE in March 2020 for studies published in 1999–2020. The eligible population was informal economy workers. The comparator was formal economy workers. The eligible outcomes were general and occupational health services use, fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries, HIV, tuberculosis, musculoskeletal disorders, depression, noise-induced hearing loss and respiratory infections. Two authors independently screened records, extracted data, assessed risk of bias with RoB-SPEO, and assessed quality of evidence with GRADE. Inverse variance meta-analyses were conducted with random effects. Results: Twelve studies with 1,637,297 participants from seven countries in four WHO regions (Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean and Western Pacific) were included. Compared with formal economy workers, informal economy workers were found to be less likely to use any health services (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.85–0.94, four studies, 195,667 participants, I2 89%, low quality of evidence) and more likely to have depression (odds ratio 5.02, 95% confidence interval 2.72–9.27, three studies, 26,260 participants, I2 87%, low quality of evidence). We are very uncertain about the other outcomes (very-low quality of evidence). Conclusion: Informal economy workers may be less likely than formal economy workers to use any health services and more likely to have depression. The evidence is uncertain for relative differences in the other eligible outcomes. Further research is warranted to strengthen the current body of evidence and needed to improve population health and reduce health inequalities among workers.

Engaging Taco Truck Space

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Robert Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Food Studies ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Definition Of

This introduction places taco trucks within a historical context and presents geographical concepts that are used throughout the book. It briefly reviews Mexican street food origins, from the Aztec capital's cuisine to modern-day tacos in Los Angeles. It takes a close look at the advent of the taco truck in California and how taco trucks mirror Mexican immigration patterns across the nation. The chapter then discusses the ways taco trucks fit into contemporary geographic discourses related to landscape contestation, sociospatial practices, urban policy, city planning, food studies, and cultural landscape studies. It presents the friction of how taco trucks--as an expression of the informal economy--are emerging within rationally controlled cities, and that a community’s definition of “quality of life” most often determines a taco truck's place within a city.

scholarly journals The Impact of Electronic Taxation on Tax Auditing: The Case of Turkey

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuğçe Uzun Kocamış ◽  
H. Muhammet Kekeç
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Internet Technology ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Tax Audit ◽  
The Impact

The advances in information and information technology provide companies with both speed and optimal benefit by using the internet intensively for every stage of their commercial activities and for all kinds of transactions. In order to reduce tax losses, it is necessary to utilize information technologies to develop new audit methods and techniques and to follow new practices in the world. It has become compulsory for public institutions to keep pace with the evolving information technology and to form the necessary information infrastructure. E-applications prevent tax evasion and ensure tax incomes of countries not only to increase the quality of public service but also increase the taxpayer's transaction speed. With the transfer of taxpayers to electronic book and electronic document in order to conduct an effective tax audit and to obtain tax revenue studies on the establishment of a structure that is effective, fast working and using computer technologies well in the struggle with the informal economy are carried out by the tax administration. In our work, electronic tax applications and tax audit in Turkey are explained under general headings and the process of transition to electronic tax audit is taken as basis on the basis of applications in the world. As a result, the contribution of computer and internet technology to the effectiveness of tax audit is an unquestionable reality.

scholarly journals The Role of the State in Formation and Development of Shadow Economy in Modern-Day Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Davydova ◽  
Galina Makarova ◽  
Mikhail Tagiev
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Of The Economy ◽  
The Government

The article discusses some theoretical and methodological problems of defining the concept of shadow economy and determining its role in the economy and society, and estimates the role of the state in formation and development of the informal economy. The authors propose to define shadow economy basing not only on the widely accepted micro-economic approach, but also on the macro-economic one. In this relation, they point out the inverse dependence of shadow economy on two micro-factors, namely, the state of the economy and the quality of public management. According to the article, the quality of public and economy management could be assessed by the extent to which the government is able to balance its own peculiar interests (which might be unfavourable for the society, but not completely eradicable) and those of the economically active population striving for their wellbeing and stable economic development. The authors infer that shadow economy emerges and extends its scope if the legislation provides for the state to prioritize, instead of minimizing, its peculiar interests over the interests of the economy and economically active population. Therefore, in the majority of countries, shadow economy is, in fact, a result of flaws accidentally or deliberately designed in the current national legislative framework.

The Tax Culture in Kyrgyzstan and its Determinants

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziya Abdiyeva ◽  
Jusup Pirimbaev ◽  
Tuncer Özdil
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Government Quality ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides

Government needs healthy and permanent finance resource to carry out its functions successfully and effectively. Healthy and permanent finance resource depends on efficiency of tax system. There are two sides in taxation: the government who impose taxes and citizens who pay taxes. The relationship between these two sides, their views about each other's significantly influence the successiveness of tax system. In our study we research taxpayers' perceptions of the tax, their tax conscience and their opinions about tax system and government. The results of the survey carried out in capital city of Kyrgyzstan between 500 taxpayers showed that the tax culture is low and the most important factors affecting the tax culture are: trust in the government, quality of public services and the informal economy. Moreover, proposals will be given, in order to establish more efficient tax system by improving tax culture.

Mexican youth policies will not improve prospects

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training

Subject Youth policies. Significance President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador (AMLO) said on August 30 that his government was correcting the alleged neglect of young people with several measures that focus on guaranteeing access to education and providing apprenticeships and training opportunities to enter the labour market. He said such steps were essential in the prevention of anti-social behaviour and crime, particularly in the case of those not in education employment or training (NEETs). Impacts If the quality of education does not improve, youth unemployment, poverty and inequality will remain high. Reducing the size of the informal economy will be important in preventing the exploitation of the young. The government’s approach to youth programmes, based on cash transfers, risks tipping into political clientelism.

scholarly journals Epilepsy and occupational accidents in Brazil: a national statistics study

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2b) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
M S Lunardi ◽  
L A P Soliman ◽  
C Pauli ◽  
K Lin
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Occupational Accidents ◽  
Work Related ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Historical Database ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Statistical Yearbook

Epilepsy may restrict the patient's daily life. It causes lower quality of life and increased risk for work-related accidents (WRA). The aim of this study is to analyze the implantation of the Epidemiologic and Technical Security System Nexus (ETSSN) and WRA patterns among patients with epilepsy. Data regarding WRA, between 1999 and 2008, on the historical database of WRA Infolog Statistical Yearbook from Brazilian Ministry of Social Security were reviewed. There was a significant increase of reported cases during the ten year period, mainly after the establishment of the ETSSN. The increased granted benefits evidenced the epidemiologic association between epilepsy and WRA. ETSSN possibly raised the registration of occupational accidents and granted benefits. However, the real number of WRA may remain underestimated due to informal economy and house workers' accidents which are usually not included in the official statistics in Brazil.

scholarly journals Informal Employment and Quality of Life in Rural Areas of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Chreneková ◽  
Katarína Melichová ◽  
Eleonóra Marišová ◽  
Serhiy Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fiscal Implications

Abstract Informal economy is rather difficult to define and demarcate in the methodological context. International Conference of Labour Statisticians in 2003 adopted a set of guidelines regarding definition of statistical categories of informal employment. These include for example employed unregistered own-account workers, contributing family workers, persons who work based on oral agreement, etc. Informal economy is a contentious topic in many developing countries as it brings about many elements that from several aspects adversely affect the development. The most commonly stressed are the fiscal implications (associated with tax revenue loss) and some social concerns. However, in some parts of the world informal sector went from being considered as a negative occurrence to be tolerated as a partial solution to some of the challenges that hinder development of rural regions and communities. The aim of the paper is to determine the relationship between informal economy and level of development and quality of life in Ukrainian regions. The paper examines the role of informal economy in regional structure of Ukraine, while confronting the findings with regional divergence in relevant indicators of development and quality of life. There are statistically significant differences in the size of the informal employment among different types of Ukrainian regions (by rural-urban typology). With increasing share of informal employment in the regions, the income level of households decreases significantly even when we take into consideration the level of unemployment.

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