Allocation and Use of Financial Resources in Health Care in Kyrgyzstan

TThe distribution of the limited financial resources in the state hospitals in Kyrgyzstan is uneven. The problems associated with the current method of distribution of resources: the poor quality of services at the level of polyclinics and high hospitalization rates that require an evaluation of the budget allocation of healthcare organizations operating in the Single Payer system. In order to improve the efficiency of resource use it is suggested to review the principles of allocation of resources to the primary level of patient care.

Exchange Rate Pass-Through to Domestic Prices: Evidence from OECD Countries

There is an immense literature on the effects of exchange rate changes on macroeconomic indicators, specifically on the trade balance, growth, inflation, and overall productivity in open economies. One of the main attempts in the related literature is about ascertaining whether the exchange rate fluctuations alter domestic prices. This possible mechanism is called as the pass-through effect which is getting more important since the argument that exchange rate adjustment is a part of the solution for global rebalancing is empirically well-supported. Starting from this claim, this study purposes to explore whether there is an exchange rate pass-through effect in 19 high-income OECD countries over the period 1990-2015. To this end, using a panel data set of consumer price index, producer price index proxied by wholesale price index, the nominal effective exchange rates, and industrial production presented by the value-added share of industry sectors in gross domestic product, structural vector autoregressive (VAR) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models are estimated in an unbalanced panel data analysis procedure. Results reveal that exchange rate pass-through effects on the domestic prices are significant but not that strong in both the short-run and the long-run. Expectedly, the pass-through effects tend to diminish over time. The study concludes that policy-makers need to consider policy actions accompanying the exchange rate changes to ensure domestic price stability which consequently interacts with many macroeconomic indicators.

A New Regulatory Understanding towards Turkey and Transition Economies

Turkey has many important economic relations with transition countries. Furthermore, there is high potential that these relations are getting to be stronger. Meanwhile, the importance of regulation of sectors in these economies, is increasing for both side. However, adaption of regulatory institutions could play the key role in making stronger the economic relations. Besides, the problems of the world economy lead to discuss about the functioning of the regulatory institutions, the qualifications of employees, and new implementation of regulation. Turkey as a developing country, has some regulatory institutions in order to regulate some specific sectors. Yet, these regulatory institutions have poorly performed because of facing challenges. For these reasons, existing regulatory understanding and implementation problems should be evaluated, and so that, new regulatory understanding should be created. In order to make efficient evaluation, primarily, the explanation about dominant factors of establishing on regulatory institutions, are given. The main point of the evaluation could provide to have new regulatory understanding. Additionally, the evaluation of regulatory institutions and understanding in Turkey may also provide that the new understanding to transition economies. Hence, all the explanations and evaluations are suggested to support implementing efficient regulation in transition countries.

A Glance of China with Lewis' Two Sector Growth Modelling: Has Been Reached to Growth Limit?

The growth model developed by Lewis depends on availability of cheap and sustainable labor and this can be explained by a country on the path of industrialization, rural / urban population in the agricultural sector / industry is the labor store. In this approach, which is based on in particular the labor-intensive growth model, the labor demand that the investments will need, will be met by the rural labor store. In Lewis's model, it is important to prevent uncontrolled migration to the urban area in order for the mechanism to function. This, however, is only possible with a very authoritarian government aspect. In this framework, China's industrialization process is worthy of examination in the Lewis model's perspective. In the study, urbanization and its dynamics were analyzed in China between 1960 and 2015 by RStduio programming. Thus, research has been conducted on how long the industrialization of China, which constitutes the dynamics of economic development, can be sustained by the function of rural workforce storage. According to the analysis by the HoltWinters method, it can be said that the Chinese economy's growth form based on the labor store will continue for the next 20 years. However, according to findings, it can be argued that when China reaches the limits of this growth form, socio-economic inertia will become inevitable if it does not push the capital-intensive and transition to technology-containing growth phase.

An Investigation on the Transformation of Information Economy

The economy, which is one of the basic building institutions of society, has been the most affected institution in this situation. Since the Industrial Revolution, new disciplines have emerged in the changing and developing world economic and social order. One of the most popular branches of knowledge economy in recent years has been the effects of Information technology on the economy. Since the Industrial Revolution, new disciplines have emerged in the changing and developing world economic and social order. Changing production and consumption preferences, the development of technology has set the stage for the formation of a knowledge-based economy. The information economy, which examines how information affects economic and economic decisions, has been one of the favorites of the economy in recent years. The change and development process that started with the Industrial Revolution changed the production and consumption preferences gradually and radically. These radical changes brought about certain transformations in every institution of society. The social and economic field has also begun a wholesale rise process. The development of technology has brought divisions in the bottom of the economy in particular, accelerating the transformation process of the world economy by revealing concepts like knowledge economy and innovation economy. In this study, the stages of transformation from the industrial society to the information economy and the structure of the emerging information society have been evaluated. The historical process of the information economy as a result of the work is evidence of how the information economy evolved.

The Relationship between Corruption and Economic Growth: The Case of Newly Industrialized Countries

Studies on corruption have been increasing in the literature recently. The effects of corruption, especially on macroeconomic variables, are a matter of curiosity for researchers. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between corruption and economic growth. In this sense, Newly Industrialized Countries (NIC) are investigated in the study. The study covers the period 2001-2014 and to determine the long-term relationship, Pedroni cointegration test, panel FMOLS and panel DOLS coefficient estimators are utilised. According to the results of Pedroni cointegration test, there is a long-term relationship between corruption and economic growth. In addition, both panel FMOLS and DOLS results indicate that rise in corruption index contributes to higher economic growth in related countries.

Analysis of Nurses' Social Responsibility Perception (Example of the Sakarya City)

By analyzing the development of the social responsibility conception, this study illustrates corporate social responsibility perception and applies it into the medical sector with participation of some subject nurses. In the scope of this study in order to measure nurses' social responsibility perception and to analyze the interaction between the perception and demographic features three hundred nurses who work in the city of Sakarya's some public hospitals were given questionnaires that includes some demographic statistics and social responsibility indications. Consequently 250 of 300 questionnaires received back and included to the study (feedback percentage is 83.3%). According to the data acquired from the survey the average rating of participants is 3.13 so that it is considered that the nurses are equipped with a high level of corporate social responsibility perception. However, it is also observed that the nurses' social responsibility perception is variable in accordance with their rank, gender and education.

Marketing Management Effectiveness and Measurement of Implementation

Marketing audit is a tool inciting the development and the evaluation of marketing efforts of an enterprise. In addition to this, marketing audit is also an effort to evaluate the potential, the resources and the goals of an enterprise against the effectiveness and efficiency of its marketing principles and strategies. In this research, the effectiveness levels of different enterprises will be investigated and measured with the help of the scoring system used in determining the effectiveness of the marketing management, the strategic orientation, the marketing management structure, the market and the marketing knowledge, the customer value creation capacity and the efficiency in implementation of marketing policies of an enterprise, using Philip Kotler's Strategic Auditing Approach. The effectiveness of marketing management will be analyzed and commented from the point of view of practicing marketing managers in the area.

The Effects of Inflation, Openness to Trade and Value Added in Production on Economic Growth in Transition Economies

The study aims to evaluate the economic growth process and the macroeconomic factors, namely, the inflation rates, the value added in the production taken as a proxy of productivity and openness to trade for the selected Eurasian transition economies. The paper focuses on the transition period and the economic performance achieved following the independence of the analyzed countries. By using a sample that consists of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, the relationship between economic growth with inflation, trade openness and value added obtained by the national industries are evaluated within a panel setting. The dataset is investigated with traditional and structural break unit root tests followed by panel regression analyses. Considering the findings in the literature which suggest either statistically insignificant or having positive or negative effects of inflation on growth depending on the countries analyzed, the empirical findings of the paper are in favor of negative effects of inflation on growth: though the size of the effect of inflation rates on growth in rather small, negative effect of inflation cannot be rejected. Further, the positive effects of value added in the production which is taken as a proxy to productivity shows significant positive impacts on growth. Similarly, openness to international trade is shown to have positive impacts for the transition countries analyzed. The results are in favor of the findings in literature suggesting that “it is not the inflation rates, rather than the variation in inflation” which could limit economic growth. The findings for openness and value added suggest policies to enhance productivity and international trade to accelerate the economic growth in the transition economies.

Vocational Tendencies of Young Generation in the Development of Perception: A Survey Analysis on Entrepreneurship Profiles of Erzincan University Stud

Entrepreneurship, which is one of the most important elements of the production-supply dimension of the economy, is also the main determinants of economic growth, including economic growth in the context of positive externalities emerging from the information age. It is clear that the development is linked to industrialization, which is related to spirit of innovative thinking. Therefore, undeveloped must be considered in concert with the lack of innovative thinking. According to Schumpeter, who defines entrepreneurship in such an understanding as "the replacement of the present and the future of Pareto Optimum with tomorrow's new and different things," this factor also encompasses innovation. Therefore, factors such as the characteristics of the entrepreneur, the risk perception profile and the socio-economic, socio-cultural and demographic structure of the population in which it is located can have significant effects on the development and development of entrepreneurship. In this study, it is aimed to investigate what factors are more effective on the perception of entrepreneurship by using the statistical methods on Erzincan University Students, taking into consideration that today's students will be the future production factor (labor or enterprise). Another important goal of the paper is to determine whether the entrepreneurship factor, which has a significant role in the development of the country and especially in urban development, is based on scientific or traditional elements. It can be considered that the existence and sustainability of the enterprise spirit will be tested with the awareness of the opportunities and opportunities for incentives to act rationally.