Basic Mechanism of Lignocellulose Mycodegradation

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Roshan Lal Gautam ◽  
Shweta Singh ◽  
Simpal Kumari ◽  
Archana Gupta ◽  
R. Naraian
Keyword(s):  
Basic Mechanism

Characterization of Modulated Structure Through Structure Images and their Computer Simulation

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Kiyomichi Nakai ◽  
Yusuke Isobe ◽  
Chiken Kinoshita ◽  
Kazutoshi Shinohara
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Transmitted Beam ◽  
Modulated Structure ◽  
Resolution Electron

Induced spinodal decomposition under electron irradiation in a Ni-Au alloy has been investigated with respect to its basic mechanism and confirmed to be caused by the relaxation of coherent strain associated with modulated structure. Modulation of white-dots on structure images of modulated structure due to high-resolution electron microscopy is reduced with irradiation. In this paper the atom arrangement of the modulated structure is confirmed with computer simulation on the structure images, and the relaxation of the coherent strain is concluded to be due to the reduction of phase-modulation.Structure images of three-dimensional modulated structure along <100> were taken with the JEM-4000EX high-resolution electron microscope at the HVEM Laboratory, Kyushu University. The transmitted beam and four 200 reflections with their satellites from the modulated structure in an fee Ni-30.0at%Au alloy under illumination of 400keV electrons were used for the structure images under a condition of the spherical aberration constant of the objective lens, Cs = 1mm, the divergence of the beam, α = 3 × 10-4 rad, underfocus, Δf ≃ -50nm and specimen thickness, t ≃ 15nm. The CIHRTEM code was used for the simulation of the structure image.

scholarly journals Increased peak detection accuracy in over-dispersed ChIP-seq data with supervised segmentation models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Liehrmann ◽  
Guillem Rigaill ◽  
Toby Dylan Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Count Data ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
R Package ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Segmentation Models

Abstract Background Histone modification constitutes a basic mechanism for the genetic regulation of gene expression. In early 2000s, a powerful technique has emerged that couples chromatin immunoprecipitation with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq). This technique provides a direct survey of the DNA regions associated to these modifications. In order to realize the full potential of this technique, increasingly sophisticated statistical algorithms have been developed or adapted to analyze the massive amount of data it generates. Many of these algorithms were built around natural assumptions such as the Poisson distribution to model the noise in the count data. In this work we start from these natural assumptions and show that it is possible to improve upon them. Results Our comparisons on seven reference datasets of histone modifications (H3K36me3 & H3K4me3) suggest that natural assumptions are not always realistic under application conditions. We show that the unconstrained multiple changepoint detection model with alternative noise assumptions and supervised learning of the penalty parameter reduces the over-dispersion exhibited by count data. These models, implemented in the R package CROCS (https://github.com/aLiehrmann/CROCS), detect the peaks more accurately than algorithms which rely on natural assumptions. Conclusion The segmentation models we propose can benefit researchers in the field of epigenetics by providing new high-quality peak prediction tracks for H3K36me3 and H3K4me3 histone modifications.

scholarly journals Sophisticated Conversations between Chromatin and Chromatin Remodelers, and Dissonances in Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5578
Author(s):  
Cedric R. Clapier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Nucleosome Positioning ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Dna Translocation ◽  
Dynamic Regulation ◽  
Cooperative Action

The establishment and maintenance of genome packaging into chromatin contribute to define specific cellular identity and function. Dynamic regulation of chromatin organization and nucleosome positioning are critical to all DNA transactions—in particular, the regulation of gene expression—and involve the cooperative action of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors, histone modifying enzymes, and remodelers. Remodelers are molecular machines that generate various chromatin landscapes, adjust nucleosome positioning, and alter DNA accessibility by using ATP binding and hydrolysis to perform DNA translocation, which is highly regulated through sophisticated structural and functional conversations with nucleosomes. In this review, I first present the functional and structural diversity of remodelers, while emphasizing the basic mechanism of DNA translocation, the common regulatory aspects, and the hand-in-hand progressive increase in complexity of the regulatory conversations between remodelers and nucleosomes that accompanies the increase in challenges of remodeling processes. Next, I examine how, through nucleosome positioning, remodelers guide the regulation of gene expression. Finally, I explore various aspects of how alterations/mutations in remodelers introduce dissonance into the conversations between remodelers and nucleosomes, modify chromatin organization, and contribute to oncogenesis.

scholarly journals In-Situ Synthesis of TiO2@GO Nanosheets for Polymers Degradation in a Natural Environment

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Yueqin Shi ◽  
Zhanyang Yu ◽  
Zhengjun Li ◽  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Yongjun Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Photogenerated Electrons ◽  
Main Components

Plastic photodegradation naturally takes 300–500 years, and their chemical degradation typically needs additional energy or causes secondary pollution. The main components of global plastic are polymers. Hence, new technologies are urgently required for the effective decomposition of the polymers in natural environments, which lays the foundation for this study on future plastic degradation. This study synthesizes the in-situ growth of TiO2 at graphene oxide (GO) matrix to form the TiO2@GO photocatalyst, and studies its application in conjugated polymers’ photodegradation. The photodegradation process could be probed by UV-vis absorption originating from the conjugated backbone of polymers. We have found that the complete decomposition of various polymers in a natural environment by employing the photocatalyst TiO2@GO within 12 days. It is obvious that the TiO2@GO shows a higher photocatalyst activity than the TiO2, due to the higher crystallinity morphology and smaller size of TiO2, and the faster transmission of photogenerated electrons from TiO2 to GO. The stronger fluorescence (FL) intensity of TiO2@GO compared to TiO2 at the terephthalic acid aqueous solution indicates that more hydroxyl radicals (•OH) are produced for TiO2@GO. This further confirms that the GO could effectively decrease the generation of recombination centers, enhance the separation efficiency of photoinduced electrons and holes, and increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2@GO. This work establishes the underlying basic mechanism of polymers photodegradation, which might open new avenues for simultaneously addressing the white pollution crisis in a natural environment.

Thermal Analysis of Expressway Considering Wind Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 895-904
Author(s):  
X. Cao ◽  
H. Miyashita ◽  
T. Kako ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
B. Song
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Fortran Language ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference Method

This paper reports a method of thermal analysis of expressway and the results of analysis of four expressways currently used in Japan. The authors built a mathematical model based on the principle of thermal conduction. For the boundary conditions in this mathematical model the influence of solar radiation, wind and air temperature etc. are taken into consideration. Explicit finite difference method is used in the analysis. The authors made an analysis program in Fortran language. Four main expressways distributing from the northern to the southern in Japan are chosen as the objects of this study. The observed weather data of the hottest days experienced by these expressways during the past 30 years is input into the computer calculation. The basic mechanism of expressway temperature change and effect factors are illuminated. The results are reported and discussed.

scholarly journals Generation of upstream advancing solitons by moving disturbances

1987 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 75-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yao-Tsu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Solitary Waves ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Initial Boundary Value Problem ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Stationary Solutions ◽  
Boussinesq Model ◽  
Dispersive Waves ◽  
Fkdv Equation

This study investigates the recently identified phenomenon whereby a forcing disturbance moving steadily with a transcritical velocity in shallow water can generate, periodically, a succession of solitary waves, advancing upstream of the disturbance in procession, while a train of weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive waves develops downstream of a region of depressed water surface trailing just behind the disturbance. This phenomenon was numerically discovered by Wu & Wu (1982) based on the generalized Boussinesq model for describing two-dimensional long waves generated by moving surface pressure or topography. In a joint theoretical and experimental study, Lee (1985) found a broad agreement between the experiment and two theoretical models, the generalized Boussinesq and the forced Korteweg-de Vries (fKdV) equations, both containing forcing functions. The fKdV model is applied in the present study to explore the basic mechanism underlying the phenomenon.To facilitate the analysis of the stability of solutions of the initial-boundary-value problem of the fKdV equation, a family of forced steady solitary waves is found. Any such solution, if once established, will remain permanent in form in accordance with the uniqueness theorem shown here. One of the simplest of the stationary solutions, which is a one-parameter family and can be scaled into a universal similarity form, is chosen for stability calculations. As a test of the computer code, the initially established stationary solution is found to be numerically permanent in form with fractional uncertainties of less than 2% after the wave has traversed, under forcing, the distance of 600 water depths. The other numerical results show that when the wave is initially so disturbed as to have to rise from the rest state, which is taken as the initial value, the same phenomenon of the generation of upstream-advancing solitons is found to appear, with a definite time period of generation. The result for this similarity family shows that the period of generation, Ts, and the scaled amplitude α of the solitons so generated are related by the formula Ts = const α−3/2. This relation is further found to be in good agreement with the first-principle prediction derived here based on mass, momentum and energy considerations of the fKdV equation.

Impact action on fiber and composite material based on it

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
V.V. Kudinov ◽  
◽  
I.K. Krylov ◽  
N.V. Korneeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Impact Action ◽  
Uhmwpe Fiber ◽  
Mechanism Of Failure ◽  
First Moment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ib Method

The low-velosity impact properties and failure mechanisms of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber (Dyneema®SK-75) and a composite material (CM) based on it with the rigid and flexible matrices were investigated by the “Impact Break” (IB) method. A fundamental difference in deformation behavior and failure mechanisms upon impact on the UHMWPE-fiber and on the CM based on this fiber has been investigated experimentally. It is shown that impact has a little effect on the properties of UHMWPE-fiber, since it is an isotropic material. It has been established that upon impact, the properties of a fiber without a matrix were significantly higher than the properties of CM based on it. Impact action stimulates the interaction between CM components (fibers and matrix). Mechanism of stepwise deformation of anisotropic CM is occurred, which begins from the first moment of impact and ends with the destruction of the CM. A “stairway of deformation” behavior is observed in anisotropic materials. Stepwise deformation is the main form of deformation and the basic mechanism of failure of anisotropic composite materials upon impact.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document