A Review of the Effects of Global Warming and Current Trends on Fisheries and Its Impact on Important Commercial Species in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-146
Author(s):  
Kazufumi Takayanagi
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Commercial Species

Current Trends in Research in Climate Change Related to Biodiversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Singh ◽  
R. Nagendran
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Climate Interactions ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Leading Journals

The changing climate has forced its way into everyone’s mind as an unpleasant thought. Global warming, no more a hoax now, has started to show its presence everywhere. It has affected the atmosphere, economy, politics, lifestyle, biodiversity etc. Of all, biodiversity is a clear indicator of changing climate. The indication is made by the chemical, physiological or behavioral changes observed in animal and plant species. There has been a shift in the species diversity towards the regions which were originally cold but have become warm due to the warming of the climate. The research on the effects of climate change on biodiversity has been intensive. The studies have covered several aspects of ‘biodiversity -climate’ interactions. The present paper is an attempt to provide an insight into the major contributions by researchers as reflected in papers published during the last fifteen years in some of the leading journals and discuss the research needs for the future, especially in the context of developing countries.   Keywords - Climatology, biodiversity, species interaction, India

scholarly journals Current trends in scientific research on global warming: a bibliometric analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Aleixandre Tudó ◽  
Máxima Bolaños Pizarro ◽  
José Luis Aleixandre ◽  
Rafael Aleixandre Benavent
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Current Trends

scholarly journals Current trends in scientific research on global warming: a bibliometric analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
José Luis Aleixandre Tudó ◽  
Máxima Bolaños Pizarro ◽  
José Luis Aleixandre ◽  
Rafael Aleixandre Benavent
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Current Trends

Results of researches of cases of sticking of wet snow and complex sediments on the territory of Ukraine during the second half of the XX - beginning of the XXI century. and the prospects for their further research

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Svitlana Pyasecka
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Past Research ◽  
First Century ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
Wet Snow ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Coherent Picture

The article presents the results of research on the physical characteristics of the formation of a number of ice-and-frost-free phenomena, in particular wet sticking (wet snow deposits on the wires of a standard ice-making machine) and complex sediments. The peculiarities of formation of such sediments in general (also categories of dangerous and natural) are analyzed. The synoptic conditions of their formation, diagnostic signs and peculiarities of distribution on the territory of Ukraine are indicated. The analyzed period covers mostly the second half of the twentieth century. and the beginning of the twenty-first century. The aim of the work is not only to analyze the results of past research, but also to draw the direction of further research on ice-damper deposits in Ukraine in the conditions of the modern climate for the development of recommendations for certain sectors of the economy that are most vulnerable to them in order to prevent or reduce losses. In view of further climate change in Ukraine on the background of global warming, the urgent need is to continue the study of changes in the distribution of various types of ice-and-cloud-bearing deposits, in particular, wet snow and complex deposits on the territory of Ukraine and the identification of their current trends in the regions of the country should cover a number of urgent tasks for further research, namely: it is necessary to identify the most active cells of such deferrals and to trace their dynamics, especially for deposits of the category of dangerous and natural. It is necessary to conduct a special study on the nature and amount of losses from such deposits in separate regions of Ukraine and to establish the most vulnerable territories. In order to create a coherent picture of modern features in the distribution and trends of ice-damper deposits in Ukraine, it is necessary to combine the results of the study of the present state of all three major types of sediment. On the basis of the revealed recent dynamics, the distribution of such deposits, taking into account the tendencies of losses from them, make recommendations for the most vulnerable territories of the country and the branches of government.

scholarly journals Country-based rate of emissions reductions should increase by 80% beyond nationally determined contributions to meet the 2 °C target

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiran R. Liu ◽  
Adrian E. Raftery
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Rate Of Decline

AbstractThe 2015 Paris Agreement aims to keep global warming by 2100 to below 2 °C, with 1.5 °C as a target. To that end, countries agreed to reduce their emissions by nationally determined contributions (NDCs). Using a fully statistically based probabilistic framework, we find that the probabilities of meeting their nationally determined contributions for the largest emitters are low, e.g. 2% for the USA and 16% for China. On current trends, the probability of staying below 2 °C of warming is only 5%, but if all countries meet their nationally determined contributions and continue to reduce emissions at the same rate after 2030, it rises to 26%. If the USA alone does not meet its nationally determined contribution, it declines to 18%. To have an even chance of staying below 2 °C, the average rate of decline in emissions would need to increase from the 1% per year needed to meet the nationally determined contributions, to 1.8% per year.

scholarly journals Global Warming - Its Causes & Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Nalinakashi M. A. ◽  
Nagaraja Rao C. ◽  
S. Sundareshan
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rising Sea Levels ◽  
Heating Up

One of the most current and widely discussed factors, which could lead to the ultimate end of existence of Earth and man, is global warming and its devastating effects. Scientists have asked how fast the Earth is heating up, and how the warming effects on Earth may affect crops and climatic conditions. Several current trends clearly demonstrate that global warming is directly impacting on; rising sea levels, the melting of icecaps, and significant worldwide climatic changes. This article will i) explains the degree of destruction caused by global warming; contributing factors to warming, and ii) discusses what we can do to prevent the rate of increase in global warming.

scholarly journals Projections of hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) emissions and the resulting global warming based on recent trends in observed abundances and current policies

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guus J. M. Velders ◽  
John S. Daniel ◽  
Stephen A. Montzka ◽  
Isaac Vimont ◽  
Matthew Rigby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract. The emissions of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) have increased significantly in the past two decades, primarily as a result of the phaseout of ozone depleting substances under the Montreal Protocol and the use of HFCs as their replacements. Projections from 2015 showed large increases in HFC use and emissions in this century in the absence of regulations, contributing up to 0.5 °C to global surface warming by 2100. In 2019, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol came into force with the goal of limiting the use of HFCs globally, and currently, regulations to limit the use of HFCs are in effect in several countries. Here, we analyze trends in HFC emissions inferred from observations of atmospheric abundances and compare them with previous projections. Total CO2-eq inferred HFC emissions continue to increase through 2019 (to about 0.8 GtCO2-eq yr−1) but are about 20 % lower than previously projected for 2017–2019, mainly because of lower global emissions of HFC-143a. This indicates that HFCs are used much less in industrial and commercial refrigeration (ICR) applications than previously projected. This is supported by data reported by the developed countries and lower reported consumption of HFC-143a in China. Because this time-period preceded the beginning of the Kigali controls, this reduction cannot be linked directly to the provisions of the Kigali Amendment. However, it could indicate that companies transitioned away from the HFC-143a with its high global warming potential (GWP) for ICR applications, in anticipation of national or global mandates. A new HFC scenario is developed based on current trends in HFC use and current policies in several countries. These current policies reduce projected emissions in 2050 from the previously calculated 4.0–5.3 GtCO2-eq yr−1 to 1.9–3.6 GtCO2-eq yr−1. The provisions of the Kigali Amendment are projected to reduce the emissions further to 0.9–1.0 GtCO2-eq yr−1 in 2050. Without current policies, HFCs would be projected to contribute 0.28–0.44 °C to the global surface warming in 2100, compared to 0.14–0.31 °C with current policies, but without the Kigali Amendment. In contrast, the Kigali Amendment controls are expected to limit surface warming from HFCs to about 0.04 °C in 2100.

Host Tree Species Affects Spruce Budworm Winter Survival

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Richard Berthiaume ◽  
Christian Hébert ◽  
Martin Charest ◽  
Alain Dupont ◽  
Éric Bauce
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Host Tree Species

Abstract With current trends in global warming, it has been suggested that spruce budworm outbreaks may spread to northern parts of the boreal forest. However, the major constraints for a northward expansion are the availability of suitable host trees and the insect winter survival capacity. This study aimed to determine the effect of larval feeding on balsam fir, white spruce and black spruce on various spruce budworm life history traits of both the parental and the progeny generations. Results indicated that the weight of the overwintering larval progeny and their winter survival were influenced by host tree species on which larvae of the parental generation fed. White spruce was the most suitable host for the spruce budworm, producing the heaviest pupae and the heaviest overwintering larvae while black spruce was the least suitable, producing the smallest pupae and the smallest overwintering progeny. Overwintering larvae produced by parents that fed on black spruce also suffered higher winter mortality than individuals coming from parents that fed on balsam fir or white spruce. With current trends in global warming, spruce budworm is expected to expand its range to northern boreal forests where black spruce is the dominant tree species. Such northern range expansion might not result in outbreaks if low offspring winter survival on black spruce persist.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Current Trends in the Training and Utilization of Paraprofessionals in Speech and Language Programs

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy L. Coufal ◽  
Allen L. Steckelberg ◽  
Stanley F. Vasa
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Paraprofessional Training ◽  
Language Programs ◽  
Program Administrators ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Training And Supervision ◽  
Communicative Disorders ◽  
Supervision Practices ◽  
A Current

Administrators of programs for children with communicative disorders in 11 midwestern states were surveyed to assess trends in the training and utilization of paraprofessionals. Topics included: (a) current trends in employment, (b) paraprofessional training, (c) use of ASHA and state guidelines, and (d) district policies for supervision. Selection criteria, use of job descriptions, training programs, and supervision practices and policies were examined. Results indicate that paraprofessionals are used but that standards for training and supervision are not consistently applied across all programs. Program administrators report minimal training for supervising professionals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document