scholarly journals Climate Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-379
Author(s):  
Jakkie Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Current Development ◽  
Adaptation Capacity ◽  
Current Path ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Trajectory

AbstractOn its current development trajectory the world is headed for serious climate change trouble. More carbon emissions will affect all of humanity and with its low adaptation capacity, arid climates and rainfall-dependent agriculture, Africa is particularly at risk. Cillliers offers an in-depth assessment of the implications of climate change for Africans. In addition to reviewing the scientific consensus on the threats climate change is likely to pose in the coming decades, he sheds light on how Africa’s future trends in energy, population and lifestyle will affect carbon emissions. The chapter concludes by comparing Africa’s carbon emissions in four scenarios with the Current Path forecast, namely Made in Africa and Free Trade (highest carbon emissions) and Leapfrogging and Demographic Dividend (lowest carbon emissions).

Uncertainties in Safety and Security

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-412
Author(s):  
Tünde Anna Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Nyikes
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Safe Operation ◽  
Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Terror Attacks ◽  
The World

In today's world, critical infrastructure encompasses facilities vital to the economy, politics, and population. Their maintenance and safe operation can ensure the supply for the population. These facilities are at risk due to climate change, natural disasters, terror attacks, or wars which are increasingly affecting countries around the world. In addition, the human factor can also cause uncertainty and damages. The function of the world depends on human activities. In this chapter the uncertainties in safety and security are introduced. Security is the most important part as it is the critical infrastructure protection and human safety . The important pillars of safety and security and these uncertainties are introduced in this chapter.

13. International Trade and Environmental Protection

2021 ◽  
pp. 775-812
Author(s):  
Alan Boyle ◽  
Catherine Redgwell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
International Trade ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks at the relationship between the World Trade Organization (WTO) and international trade in terms of international environmental law. Twenty-five years after the WTO system came into operation it appears that neither trade law nor environmental law have trumped each other. Rather, there has been a process of accommodation which is still ongoing. The chapter ends by making some conclusions on the arguments presented in this book and the issues currently being faced. The current policy of encouraging free trade cannot always be made environmentally friendly and this will always be the case. The problem becomes clear if we consider climate change. Free trade and globalisation by nature exacerbates the difficulties of regulating environmental issues. In addition, one of the key problems with sustainable development as a concept is that there has been too much emphasis on development, and not nearly enough on sustainability, then a policy of promoting free trade is part of that problem.

scholarly journals The World at Risk: Vulnerability, Precarity, and Connectedness

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-149
Author(s):  
James F. Keenan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Judith Butler ◽  
Theological Ethics ◽  
Linda Hogan ◽  
International Conference ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Vulnerability ◽  
Catholic Theological

This article considers the world at risk; in particular it focuses on the three topics covered at the international conference of Catholic Theological Ethics in the World Church in 2018 in Sarajevo: climate change, its impact on marginalized populations, and the tragic banality of contemporary political leadership. The article turns to a proposal by Trinity College’s Linda Hogan to develop an ethics of vulnerability so as to respond to the triple crisis. After examining contemporary writings on both vulnerability and precarity by Judith Butler and others, it concludes by applying the ethics of vulnerability to other urgent cases as well.

scholarly journals A Shuttle-Vector System Allows Heterologous Gene Expression in the Thermophilic Methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Fink ◽  
Sebastian Beblawy ◽  
Andreas M. Enkerlin ◽  
Lucas Mühling ◽  
Largus T. Angenent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Heterologous Gene Expression ◽  
Shuttle Vector ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
The World ◽  
Methanothermobacter Thermautotrophicus ◽  
Harmful Effects

The world economies are facing permanently increasing energy demands. At the same time, carbon emissions from fossil sources need to be circumvented to minimize harmful effects from climate change.

Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan and Climate Justice

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Yamada ◽  
Absalon Galat
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Global Citizens ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Robust Measures

AbstractThe extreme weather events that the world is experiencing are consistent with the effects of anthropogenic climate change. The western North Pacific is the area of the world with the most intense tropical cyclones. Increased sea surface temperatures directly contribute to the wind speed of storms. The 2013 Typhoon Yolanda/Haiyan was the strongest tropical cyclone in recorded history to make landfall—causing more than 6000 deaths in the Philippines, mostly from storm surge. This event represents a climate injustice. On one hand, disaster prevention and preparedness were inadequate for impoverished populations in the Philippines who lived in poorly constructed housing. While the international community assisted with the response, recovery was hampered by inadequate and inequitable investment. On the other hand, climate change has been driven by the carbon emissions of industrialized states. Those who call for climate justice argue for more robust measures to control carbon emissions responsible for climate change and worsening global health security. As global citizens and as health professionals, we examine the implications for all of us as moral actors. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-4)

PLANNING BEFORE THE WEST BURNS: DO WESTERN STATES’ MITIGATION PLANS FACTOR IN RECOVERY AND LOCAL NEEDS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Harrison Crum
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Disaster Recovery ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
American Population ◽  
The West ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The World

Abstract A growing proportion of the American population is at risk to the effects of wildfires as fire seasons continue to lengthen and intensify. Because of this, it is crucial that states adequately prepare for these powerful fires, along with all other disasters, and their long-term impacts. Long-term disaster recovery is an understudied and misunderstood field, yet much can be gained from current and past work that has identified common crucial problems and limitations in planning for disaster recovery. Across a range of states working with the same hazard, state mitigation plans struggle to consistently define their critical terms and often fail to detail how they will work directly with local communities and governments and address the needs of residents in these communities. As disasters become a progressively larger issue with the consequences of climate change, how states address these issues in their mitigation plans will be essential to minimizing the impacts of disasters on communities throughout the world and providing them with the resources to recover better after a disaster.

Climate change to hit Central America unevenly

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Central America ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World

Subject Climate change and Central America. Significance Costa Rica on February 24 launched an ambitious plan to achieve zero net carbon emissions by 2050. The announcement follows grave warnings by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change of the impending impacts of global warming and comes as the region suffers another season of drought. Extreme weather phenomena are becoming a regular occurrence across Central America -- a region local governments consider to be among the most vulnerable in the world to climate change. Impacts Extreme weather threatens tourism income, with hurricanes capable of crippling tourism sectors in a matter of hours. Costa Rica and Panama’s relative success in mitigating climate change impacts may encourage more of the region’s migrants to move south. Costa Rica’s efforts will ultimately prove meaningless if the rest of the world does not take drastic action to reduce carbon emissions.

scholarly journals The Economic Theory Behind the Global Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
M. Zharikov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
The World ◽  
Vocal Minority ◽  
Main Ideas

This article touches on several polarising subjects in the world environmental crisis. The author attempts to classify the main ideas that can have the same venomous level of disagreements, such as the issue of climate change or global warming. The argument is supported by a healthy majority of people who work in the field with a vocal minority of dissenters as well. The article starts with models about economic growth and the energy industry and how those interact to produce carbon emissions. The author tries to analyse models of how carbon emissions affect climate. Finally, the article outlays the models of how climate affects economic output and health projecting into the future. The research concludes by adding some additional models of how policy changes might affect all of this.

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