Socioeconomic Status and Drug Use Among Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Boris Popesko ◽  
Viera Ivankova
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Drug Use

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilberto Gerra ◽  
Elisa Benedetti ◽  
Giuliano Resce ◽  
Roberta Potente ◽  
Arianna Cutilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Patterns Of Use

Background and Aims: Families who live in a disadvantaged socioeconomic situation frequently face substandard housing, unsafe neighborhoods, inadequate schools and more stress in their daily lives than more affluent families, with a host of psychological and developmental consequences that can hinder their children’s development in many ways. However, the measurement of socioeconomic status among youth and its link with different forms of illicit substance use is challenging and still unclear. This paper extends existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and illicit drug use among adolescents by focusing on three different patterns of use (experimental, episodic and frequent) and making use of two indicators to improve the measurement of individual socioeconomic characteristics in a big sample of European students. Methods: Data were drawn from the European school Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), which, since 1995, collects comparable data among 15-to-16-year-old students to monitor trends in drug use and other risk behaviors across Europe. The sample comes from 28 countries that participated in the 2015 data collection. The consumption of cannabis, cocaine and heroin are considered, and the related patterns are identified based on the frequency of use. Family characteristics at student level are defined through two dimensions: parental educational level and perceived socioeconomic status. Multivariate multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was performed in order to measure the association between individual characteristics and vulnerability for drug use. Results: Some patterns of use, episodic and frequent in particular, were found strongly associated with a lower socioeconomic status and lower parental education. Conclusions: Our results suggest that drug policies should be combined with actions aimed at removing barriers to social inclusion that are attributable to the socioeconomic background of adolescents.

Characteristics of Drug Use among Mexican-American Students

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Guinn
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Drug User ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
School Students ◽  
Mexican American Students ◽  
American Students

The author conducted a study of drug use among 254 Mexican-American high school students. Drug use was investigated in relationship to socioeconomic status, attitudes toward drugs, school related variables, and demographic factors. An eighty-eight item survey instrument with a multiple choice format was used to gather the data. The results indicate that the Mexican-American drug user differed significantly from the group normal from which he was drawn with regard to the aspects investigated.

Students' View of School Drug Use

1974 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marshall I. Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
Group Members

The purpose of this investigation was to determine students' perception of their drug use activity and desired treatment. The data were collected through the use of perceived peer group members. More reliable data are made available to perceived student peers than to perceived adults or authority figures who administer formal questionnaires to students. Our findings indicate the existence of a positive relationship between student poly-drug use and socioeconomic status.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Social Support Following Illicit Drug Use: Causal Pathways or Common Liability?

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Bergen ◽  
Charles O. Gardner ◽  
Steven H. Aggen ◽  
Kenneth S. Kendler
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Drug Involvement ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractThe negative social attributes associated with drug use and abuse/dependence may arise as a result of shared genetic or environmental factors rather than through causal pathways. To evaluate this possibility, structured interviews were conducted for 3969 male and female twins from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry and evaluations of their socioeconomic status (SES), social interactions, and use of drugs were obtained. Drug involvement was categorized as never used, tried, or met criteria for abuse or dependence. A co-twin control design was implemented using hierarchical linear modeling to assess whether twins who used drugs experienced lower SES and social support than non-using co-twins. Poorer social functioning in the drug-exposed twin is consistent with a causal relationship, while similar functioning in the drug exposed versus naive twins imply shared genetic or common environmental factors. Use of drugs was not significantly related to any SES measures. However, education and job status appear to share genetic influences with drug abuse/dependence. Lower income was not related to abuse/dependence of drugs. Negative interactions with friends and relatives share genetic factors with use of drugs, but the escalation from trying drugs to abusing them appears to generate discord between the abuser and friends and relatives in a causal fashion. These results indicate that presumptive causal influences of drug abuse/dependence on low SES may actually be mediated by shared genes. Drug use and social discord also appear to have shared genetic factors, but increased levels of drug involvement seem to causally influence social interactions.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF HBV, HCV, AND HIV AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS (IDUS), AND CO-RELATION WITH SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS, TYPE USE AND DURATION OF SUBSTANCE USE.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (07) ◽  
pp. 1147-1150
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ilyas Jat ◽  
Ghulam Rasool Rind
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Psychoactive drug use is a continual and chronic psychological and physical disease that is characterized by persistent substance use, regardless of detrimental results. Hepatitis B, C and HIV infections constitute serious healthcare issues worldwide. Objectives: To determine the frequency of HBV, HCV, and HIV among Injection Drug Users (IDUs), visiting a tertiary care centre at Karachi, Pakistan, co-relation with socioeconomic status, type of substance use and duration of substance use. Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Setting: Psychiatry Outpatient Department (OPD), Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, JPMC, Karachi. Period: 5th Aug 2016 to 5th Feb 2017. Material and Methods: Total 280 cases of both genders having Injection Drug Use history were enrolled in the study. Non-probability (consecutive) sampling was done. The data was analysed on SPSS version 20.0. Results: The average age of patients was 32.26 ±9.83 years. Majority 256 (91.4%) were male. Out of 280, 142 (50.7%) were married, 108 (38.6%) were single, 20 (7.1%) were widow and 10 (3.6%) were divorced/separated. Most of patients belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Opioids were the most common substance used and most of patients were using substance for more than 2 years. Majority of patients were preliterate or educated till primary and were jobless. HCV was predominantly present followed by HBV, HIV as 47 (16.8%), 22 (7.9%) and 9 (3.2%) respectively. Conclusion: Frequency of infections with HBV, HCV and HIV is quite high and alarming.

The effect of supplemental estrogen on the outcomes of NSCLC patients in the SEER-Medicare database.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2590-2590
Author(s):  
Samuel P. Heilbroner ◽  
Eric Xanthopoulos ◽  
Tony J. C. Wang ◽  
Simon Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Charlson Score ◽  
Part D ◽  
Treatment Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Medicare Database ◽  
Cause Specific Survival

2590 Background: Women with lung cancer have better survival regardless of treatment type. Estrogen has been shown to have cancer-specific and non-cancer effects. However, there is conflicting data on the effect of estrogen hormone therapy on lung cancer incidence and mortality in women. We used the SEER-Medicare database to examine the association of estrogen use with overall and cancer cause specific survival in elderly women with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Patients in our cohort were women 65+ years old; were diagnosed with Stage I-IV NSCLC between 2007 and 2012; had Part A and B coverage one year before to one year after diagnosis without supplemental coverage from a HMO; had Part D coverage during the 6 months prior to diagnosis; were not in a nursing home at diagnosis. Using an intention to treat analysis, drug use was defined as having at least one Part D claim for estrogen within six months prior to diagnosis. Event free survival was assessed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model accounting for the patient (age, socioeconomic status, race, Charlson score) and tumor (stage, site, histology) characteristics. Results: There were 10,562 patients in our cohort. 688 used estrogen and 9,874 did not. The median age was 75 years with median overall survival of 1.0 year. There was a significant difference in age, socioeconomic status, race, Charlson score, stage, site, and tumor histology between the two groups (p < 0.05 for all). Estrogen use was associated with a significant improvement in overall and cause specific survival on univariate and multivariate regression (see table). Conclusions: Estrogen was associated with a significant improvement in survival. Limitations of this study are inherent to a retrospective claims-based database without knowledge of actual drug use or intent. [Table: see text]

Who Participates?

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-158
Author(s):  
Shannon Claxton
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Relationships ◽  
The Past ◽  
Specific Individual ◽  
Research Studies

Casual sexual relationships and experiences (CSREs) have been the focus of numerous research studies during the past two decades. These relationships and experiences are especially prevalent and important during emerging adulthood. This chapter evaluates these CSREs within which sexuality occurs during emerging adulthood. In addition to examining historical patterns in CSRE engagement, the chapter focuses on specific individual characteristics that are related to CSRE engagement and responses to CSREs, including age, sex/gender, sexual orientation, race, socioeconomic status, educational status, nationality, religion, and alcohol/drug use. This focus on individual characteristics provides a framework for understanding who engages in CSREs during emerging adulthood.

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