The Impacts of Genetic Studying on the Cost Analysis Based on Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 496-503
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Özdeşer ◽  
Günay Kuşaf
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The Cost

Identyfikacja kosztów pogorszenia reputacji przedsiębiorstwa z perspektywy interesariuszy

2014 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Danuta Szwajca ◽  
Alina Rydzewska ◽  
Tomasz Nawrocki
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Crisis Situation ◽  
Modern Economy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
A Company ◽  
Crisis Situations

In the realities of modern economy even the best-managed company is not able to avoid threats and bad decisions, that can cause a crisis. Each crisis situation, that a company experiences, generates not only measurable economic costs, but also more difficult to assess and measure costs of a deteriorated reputation. These costs are the result of infringement of interests or failing to satisfy different stakeholders expectations. The aim of this article is an attempt to identify the cost of reputation deterioration in the context of the various interests of stakeholders groups. In the first part, the paper presents the effects of good and bad reputation, the reputation "contamination" path in a crisis situation and a cost analysis caused by it. The second part is empirical, where the identification of crisis situations measurable costs and reputation deterioration based on the examples of three selected companies was performed.

The Cost of Being ‘Backward’ in India: Socio-religious Discrimination in the Labour Market

2021 ◽  
pp. 097370302110296
Author(s):  
Soumyajit Chakraborty ◽  
Alok K. Bohara
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Religious Discrimination ◽  
Capital Endowment ◽  
Scheduled Castes ◽  
Sample Survey Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Capital Endowment

Being from backward castes, classes and Muslims in India has an economic cost associated with the nature of institutional discrimination. Using the 2011–2012 National Sample Survey data, this study identifies that caste and religion still rule the modern Indian labour market. We find that discrimination is evident in the socio-religious earnings gaps. While the parametric decompositions suggest that most of these gaps are due to differential human capital endowment, the nonparametric method almost evenly attributes inequality to discrimination and endowment. The results presented in this study suggest that discrimination against Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Muslims and Other Backward Classes should be included in policy designs to promote equity in the Indian labour market.

Economic impact of the use of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvine Fansi ◽  
Angela Ly ◽  
Julie Mayrand ◽  
Maggy Wassef ◽  
Aldanie Rho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Quality Improvement Program ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Surgical Quality ◽  
Acs Nsqip ◽  
The Cost

Objectives The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP®) is a validated, risk-adjusted database for improving the quality and security of surgical care. ACS NSQIP can help participating hospitals target areas that need improvement. The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature analyzing the economic impact of using NSQIP. This paper also provides an estimation of annual cost savings following the implementation of NSQIP and quality improvement (QI) activities in two hospitals in Quebec. Methods In June 2018, we searched in seven databases, including PubMed, Embase, and NHSEED for economic evaluations based on NSQIP data. Contextual NSQIP databases from two hospitals were collected and analyzed. A cost analysis was conducted from the hospital care perspective, comparing complication costs before and after 1 year of the implementation of NSQIP and QI activities. The number and the cost of complications are measured. Costs are presented in 2018 Canadian dollars. Results Out of 1,612 studies, 11 were selected. The level of overall evidence was judged to be of moderate to high quality. In general, data showed that, following the implementation of NSQIP and QI activities, a significant decrease in complications and associated costs was observed, which improved with time. In the cost analysis of contextual data, the reduction in complication costs outweighed the cost of implementing NSQIP. However, this cost analysis did not take into account the costs of QI activities. Conclusions NSQIP improves complication rates and associated costs when QI activities are implemented.

scholarly journals A cost analysis to address issues of budget constraints on the implementation of the indoor residual spray programme in two districts of Maputo Province, Mozambique

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neide Canana
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Indoor Residual Spraying ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Provider Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background It is frequently said that funding is essential to ensure optimal results from a malaria intervention control. However, in recent years, the capacity of the government of Mozambique to sustain the operational cost of indoor residual spraying (IRS) is facing numerous challenges due to restrictions of the Official Development Assistance. The purpose of the study was to estimate the cost of IRS operationalization in two districts of Maputo Province (Matutuíne and Namaacha) in Mozambique. The evidence produced in this study intends to provide decision-makers with insight into where they need to pay close attention in future planning in order to operationalize IRS with the existent budget in the actual context of budget restrictions. Methods Cost information was collected retrospectively from the provider perspective, and both economic and financial costs were calculated. A “one-way” deterministic sensitivity analysis was performed. Results The average economic costs totaled US$117,351.34, with an average economic cost per household sprayed of US$16.35, and an average economic cost per person protected of US$4.09. The average financial cost totaled US$69,174.83, with an average financial cost per household sprayed and per person protected of US$9.84 and US$2.46, respectively. Vehicle, salary, and insecticide costs were the greatest contributors to overall cost in the economic and financial analysis, corresponding to 52%, 17%, and 13% in the economic analysis and 21%, 27%, and 22% in the financial analysis, respectively. The sensitivity analysis was adapted to a range of ± (above and under) 25% change. There was an approximate change of 14% in the average economic cost when vehicle costs were decreased by 25%. In the financial analysis, the average financial cost was lowered by 7% when salary costs were decreased by 25%. Conclusions Altogether, the current cost analysis provides an impetus for the consideration of targeted IRS operationalization within the available governmental budget, by using locally-available human resources as spray operators to decrease costs and having IRS rounds be correctly timed to coincide with the build-up of vector populations.

The cost of depression – A cost analysis from a large database

2013 ◽  
Vol 147 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 137-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Kleine-Budde ◽  
Romina Müller ◽  
Wolfram Kawohl ◽  
Anke Bramesfeld ◽  
Jörn Moock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Large Database ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Methylprednisolone Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda S. Robson ◽  
Charlene Bain ◽  
Shann Beck ◽  
Suzanne Guthrie ◽  
Peter C. Coyte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT:Background:Intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) is the treatment of choice for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients undergoing acute exacerbation of disease symptoms and yet its cost has not been accurately determined. Determination of this cost in different settings is also pertinent to consideration of cost-saving alternatives to in-patient treatment.Methods:Cost analysis from the point of view of the health care system of IVMP treatment of MS patients receiving treatment in association with a selected Toronto teaching hospital in fiscal year 1994/95 was carried out. Costs of any concurrent treatments were excluded.Results:Total cost for 92 patients, based on a 4 dose regime, was estimated to be $78,527. The the cost per patient was $1,1181.84 for in-patients (IP), $714.64 for out-patients of the MS Clinic (OP) and $774.21 for patients whose treatment was initiated in the Clinic, but completed in the home (HC). Sensitivity analyses indicated: 1) IP treatment was in all cases more expensive than that of OP or HC; 2) the cost savings of OP vs. HC was sensitive to assumptions made regarding Clinic overhead, Clinic nursing costs and Home Care Program overhead.Conclusion:Alternatives to in-patient care must be considered carefully. In this study, both out-patient and in-home treatment were cost-saving alternatives to in-patient treatment, but large differences in the cost of hospital out-patient vs. in-home care could not be demonstrated.

scholarly journals Procedure for detecting tobamovirus in tomato and pepper seeds decreases the cost analysis

Bragantia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-598
Author(s):  
João Eduardo Melo Almeida ◽  
Antonia dos Reis Figueira ◽  
Priscilla de Sousa Geraldino Duarte ◽  
Mauricio Antônio Lucas ◽  
Nara Edreira Alencar
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of the Use of Voriconazole, Posaconazole and Micafungin in the Primary Prophylaxis of Invasive Fungal Infections in Recipients of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplants

10.36469/9832 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Santiago Grau ◽  
Carlos Solano ◽  
Carol García-Vidal ◽  
Isidro Jarque ◽  
Jon A. Barrueta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Primary Prophylaxis ◽  
Antifungal Prophylaxis ◽  
Invasive Fungal Infections ◽  
Efficacy Rate ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: Compare the cost of the primary prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections (IFI) with voriconazole, posaconazole, and micafungin in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in hospitals of the National Health System (NHS) in Spain. Methods: A cost analysis was made for 100 days and 180 days of prophylaxis and a decision tree model was developed. The efficacy rate of IFI prophylaxis and survival rate with liposomal amphotericin B treatment of prophylaxis failures were obtained from randomized trials and a meta-analysis of mixed treatment comparisons. The model simulation was interrupted with IFI treatment (prophylaxis failures). The costs of medication and its intravenous administration in the hospital (in the case of micafungin) were considered. Results: In the non-modeled analysis, the savings per patient of prophylaxis with voriconazole ranged from €1,709 to €9,655 compared with posaconazole oral solution, from €1,811 to €9,767 compared with posaconazole gastro-resistant tablets and from €3,376 to €7,713 compared with micafungin. In the modeled analysis, the mean cost per patient of the prophylaxis and treatment of IFIs was €6,987 to €7,619 with voriconazole, €7,749 with posaconazole, and €22,424 with micafungin. Therefore, the savings per patient of prophylaxis with voriconazole was €130 to €3,664 and €11,132 to €30,374 compared with posaconazole and micafungin, respectively. The result remained stable after modification of the number of days of antifungal prophylaxis and the cost of antifungal treatment of failures. Conclusion: Taking into account this model, antifungal prophylaxis with voriconazole in recipients of hematopoietic progenitor transplants, compared with posaconazole or micafungin, may represent savings for hospitals in Spain.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DIFFERENTIAL COST DAN OPPORTUNITY COST DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MEMBELI ATAU MEMPRODUKSI SENDIRI PADA INDUSTRI RUMAH PANGGUNG WOLOAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romeo Fersi Mongdong ◽  
Jenny Morasa ◽  
Heince Wokas
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Result ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Business World ◽  
Differential Costs ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost

The business world today is characterized by increasing competition among existing companies. Competition occurs in all sectors of the economy both industry, trade, and services. One of the decisions that must be taken in planning at every alternative is to buy or produce itself a component of raw materials. Differential cost are related to the opportunity cost, which is the differential cost incurred costs as a result of certain decisions while the opportunity cost is the cost incurred when choosing a decision. The purpose of this study to analyze the differential costs and opportunity costs in the decision to buy or produce their own on Industri Rumah Panggung Woloan. The analytical method used is descreptive quantitative. Result of the differential cost analysis showed that the right decisions can be taken by the management company the manufactures its own because getting a hihgter differential gain, compared to buying from outside. While the opportunity cost of the buying raw materials from outside is more profitable, thus producing itself becomes more expensive. Should the leadership Industri Rumah Panggung Woloan produce their own wood from the outside becauseit would be more adventageous, compared to taking wood there are kept alone.

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