Systems Solutions for Enabling Off-Grid Rural Communities to Have Access to Water and Energy: Implications for Sustainability and Policy Reforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 405-426
Author(s):  
Johan Meyer ◽  
Sune von Solms ◽  
Taffy Makonese
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Access To Water

scholarly journals Water and sanitation are not gender-neutral: human rights in rural Brazilian communities

Water Policy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Bárbarah Brenda Silva ◽  
Bárbara Sales ◽  
Ana Carolina Lanza ◽  
Léo Heller ◽  
Sonaly Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
The North ◽  
Labor Division ◽  
Access To Water

Abstract The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation (HRWS), adopted as UN Resolutions since 2010, contemplates key elements that seek to ensure equal and non-discriminatory access to water and sanitation, including the elimination of gender inequalities. Working in populations with socio-environmental vulnerabilities, this study aims to assess gender division of labor in households of two rural communities in the North and Northeast Brazilian macroregions and identify why greater impacts occur on the lives of women when compared to men, resulting in human rights concerns. A qualitative analysis was carried out through semi-structured interviews and direct observation. The study showed that in the two rural Brazilian communities there is a clear labor division for water and sanitation access from a gender perspective. Men undertake more specialized work, sometimes requiring greater physical effort. As for women, they are assigned functions related to the domestic environment, including activities concerning water and sanitation. When facilities are inadequate, there is a disproportionate impact on women's health and quality of life, showing that the non-compliance with the human rights to water and sanitation often results in more harmful consequences for them.

scholarly journals Access to water and sanitation for people with paraplegia living in rural communities in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1233686
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Alam ◽  
Wendy Bryant ◽  
Udo Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Access To Water

scholarly journals Water as a tool for development. An analysis of the conflict of the Ñuble River, Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Cristian Leaman-Constanzo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Peasant Communities ◽  
Environmental Institutions ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

<p>After three decades of neoliberal policies, there are growing concerns in Chile about how nature is used and understood. These concerns are reflected in the relationship between humans and natural water bodies which has reconceptualised the use of and access to water, especially for rural communities. These reconceptualisations have been affected by the model of water rights and river basin governance adopted which have raised issues about social inequality. As a result, rural communities have argued for greater participation in decision-making on matters that affect their lives.  This thesis explores conflict that arose around the Punilla Dam Project on the Ñuble River, Biobío Region in Chile. The research employs a political ecology perspective to explore the socio-environmental outcomes of water management in this case and in Chile more generally. The case illustrates how water is important for Chile as a tool for development, the role environmental institutions play, and the tensions between peasant communities, irrigators and hydroelectric interests, while placing these tensions in the context of wider economic and political structures. It is clear that water is key in Chile, hence an examination of the encounter between the model of development and nature is required. I argue that the outcomes of these encounters will increase social inequality and marginalisation, showing that a water project is not always good for all. The omission of these issues in places often rich both in biodiversity and socio-cultural heritage is a cause of concern for Chile and more globally.</p>

scholarly journals Oreos Versus Orangutans: The Need for Sustainability Transformations and Nonhierarchical Polycentric Governance in the Global Palm Oil Industry

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Gabriel B. Snashall ◽  
Helen M. Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
Cleaning Product ◽  
Polycentric Governance ◽  
Sustainability Policy ◽  
Sustainability Standards

While the myriad benefits of palm oil as a food, makeup, and cleaning product additive drive its demand, globally, the palm oil industry remains largely unsustainable and unregulated. The negative externalities of palm oil production are diverse and devastating to tropical ecosystem integrity and human livelihoods in palm oil nations. Given the current trend in increasing sustainability and transparency in global supply chains, we suggest that sustainability policy reforms are feasible and have the potential to promote 21st century U.S. and international sustainability standards. Polycentric governance may improve the attainment of sustainable global palm oil standards with a set of rules that interact across linear and nonlinear hierarchies and structures, thereby improving collaboration efforts, and increasing connectivity and learning across scales and cultures. Transformations towards sustainability in international palm oil governance has the potential to make valuable contributions to global sustainable development and improve the prosperity of poor rural communities in the tropics by providing a framework for achieving palm oil trade transparency and aligning the sustainability goals across a range of actors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Facilities and Its Association with Urinary Schistosomiasis in Selected Settlements of Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Olabanji A. Surakat ◽  
Oluwapelumi R. Alabi ◽  
Tomiwa E. Ogundana ◽  
Mu-hammed A. Rufai ◽  
Monsuru A. Adeleke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Urinary Schistosomiasis ◽  
Infected People ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Access To Water

Background: Urinary schistosomiasisis a debilitating Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) spreads when infected people urinate close to a water source, contaminating it with the larvae of the parasite, it is associated with lack of access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities in rural and semi-urban settlements. This study was conducted to evaluate the availability of WASH facilities and its impact on the prevalence of schistosomia-sis among school-aged children in Ota-Efun (Semi-urban) and Ilie (Rural) communities of Olorunda LGA of Osun State, Nigeria between June and October, 2019 Methods: Two hundred and forty-three participants from the two communities provided urine samples which were examined for Schistosoma haematobium cyst using FLOTAC filtration device and microscopy. Using structured questionnaires, information on the demographic, hygienic practices, and availability of WASH facilities in participants homes was obtained Results: Results showed a cumulative urinary schistosomiasis prevalence of 46% (51/110) in Ilie (rural) compared to 0% (0/133) in Ota Efun (Urban) settlement. In Ilie community, highest prevalence (19.1%) was recorded among participants within the age group (11-13 years) and lowest (7.3%) among age class 14 and above. When compared with the prevalence results, majority (61%) of residents in Ilie lacked access to toilet facilities while 64% were regularly involved in water contact activities such as swimming, bathing and washing of clothes by the river. Conversely, in Ota-Efun, majority (87.2%) of participants had access to pipe-borne water with controlled access to the stream (4.5%) . Conclusion: The results of this study suggest ongoing transmission of schistosomiasis in Ilie community and that frequent water contact activities including swimming and bathing are risk factors for infection .We recommend that WASH facilities should be effectively integrated into ongoing health policy for the control of neglected tropical diseases in Osun State in order to ameliorate the devastating effects of schistosomiasis in the affect-ed communities

scholarly journals What has Changed as a Result of Having Access to Water in Rural Communities in Gaza, Mozambique?

2017 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
K. Ogebule ◽  
P. Ramirez ◽  
S. Marquez ◽  
E. Opong ◽  
N. Varjavand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Access To Water

Impact of Water Availability on Rural Development in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Sinmi Abosede
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sanitation Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
International Data ◽  
Rural Community Health ◽  
The Impact

Water is essential to life and is at the center of any sustainable development initiative. It is crucial for the economic development of a nation and for the alleviation of poverty and it is important for the livelihood of rural communities. Limited access to water and sanitation services adversely affects an individual's health, limits their access to educational and economic opportunities, and affects their ability to be productive and live full and secure lives. These impacts are more visible in rural poor communities and there is linkage between water availability and issues relating to health, poverty, and food security. This chapter reviews and assesses the current state of the water and sanitation sector in rural areas of Nigeria and analyses the impact of water availability on rural community health and agricultural productivity. The research will be conducted as a desk-top study utilizing information from literature, national and international data sources.

scholarly journals Introduction: Peri-Urban Water Security in South Asia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Vishal Narain ◽  
Dik Roth
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Political Ecology ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Urban South ◽  
Access To Water

AbstractThis chapter sets the context for the analysis of water security in peri-urban South Asia. Urbanization has been a key demographic trend globally as well as in South Asia, in the recent past and increasingly also in the future. While cities are often seen as engines of economic growth and development, and are associated with economies of scale, efficiency and sustainability, much urban growth occurs through the appropriation and reallocation of land and water from their peripheries. This creates patterns of deprivation for resource-dependent peri-urban and rural communities, as well as increasingly severe environmental problems, such as the over-extraction of groundwater and water pollution. This chapter first introduces the various perspectives, themes and cases presented in the book chapters. It then discusses urbanization and the peri-urban more specifically, introducing two contrasting views — ecological modernization and political ecology — and introduces the concept of water security. Referring to the examples from the book, the chapter then gives an overview of some of its key themes: the role of material infrastructure; property transformations and the declining commons; socially differentiated access to water; intervening in the peri-urban; and the role of conflict and cooperation.

scholarly journals Towards sustainable water resource management in rural Nigeria: The role of communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Augustine Edobor Arimoro ◽  
Habibah Musa
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Water Sustainability ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Development Goals

Access to water is crucial for healthy living and survival. In developing countries such as Nigeria, rural communities often suffer from a severe shortage of the supply of fresh, potable water. The need to change the tide has led to the inclusion of the adequate availability of water for allas one of the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Evidence shows that the lack or poor supply of freshwater could lead to a prevalence of waterborne diseases and might negatively affect economically important activities. While water sustainability deals with ensuring adequate supply of water for the present and future generations, water resource management is the strategy for achieving water sustainability. Considering the above, this article examines the literature on water resource management vis-à-vis the legal framework for water management in Nigeria. The article notes that rural communities in the country have a critical role to play in water resource management in the country and in the quest to attain the goals for water. It is recommended that policies should be implemented to provide for sustainable management of water as well as a strategy for educating rural communities on what they must do to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals for water management in Nigeria at the rural community level. For example, there is a need to provide for private sector led water development projects in rural areas backed by government subsidy as well as programmes to enlighten community leaders on their role in ensuring water sustainability. Keywords: Water, access to water, legal framework for water management, rural area, SDGs, Nigeria.

Through Common Agricultural Policy Reforms

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Jean-Vasile ◽  
Mircea Untaru
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Member States ◽  
Functional Mechanism ◽  
Policy Work ◽  
European Policies

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is one of the major European policies with the highest financial and social impact not only for rural communities but at the whole EU-27 level. Making this policy work has generated serious imbalances and disruptions between member states. For correcting this situation, all the reforms, starting with The MacSharry reform has aimed to improve this policy, the financial allotments and correct the functional mechanism. This paper makes a short analysis regarding the main CAP reforms since 1992 to 2003, reviling the main changes and improvements of it.

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