Russian Youth in the Labour Market: Work Attitudes, Career Paths and Regional Disparities

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-338
Author(s):  
Yana Krupets ◽  
Anastasia Sablina ◽  
Hanna Vyhovska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
Regional Disparities ◽  
Market Work

scholarly journals All precarious? Institutional change and turning points in labour market trajectories in Spain

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martí López Andreu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work And Employment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of changes in employment regulation in Spain on individual labour market trajectories. It is well known that the Spanish labour market has been strongly hit by the 2007 recession. Furthermore, after 2010 and in the benchmark of “austerity”, several reforms were implemented to further flexibilise employment regulation. At the same time, public sector budgets suffered severe cutbacks, that impacted working conditions and prospects of public sector workers. These reforms were implemented by different governments and substantially changed previous existing patterns of employment. This paper explains how these reforms have reinforced previous existing trends towards greater flexibility and weaker employment protection and how they lead to a shift in the position of work in society. Design/methodology/approach The emerging patterns that these changes provoked are illustrated thorough data from narrative biographies of workers affected by a job loss or a downgrading of working conditions. The workers of the sample had relatively stable positions and careers and were affected by changes that substantially modified their paths. Findings The paper shows how reforms have expanded work and employment insecurities and have broken career paths. It demonstrates how the reforms have weakened the position of work and organised labour in society and how, when institutional supports are jeopardised, the capacity to plan and act is harassed by the traditional social inequalities. Originality/value The paper enhances the knowledge about the impact of institutional changes by analysing their effects in individual working lives by means of narrative biographies.

scholarly journals Labour Market Change and the Long-term Sustainability of New Zealand Superannuation

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Callister ◽  
Dennis Rose
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Market Work ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Labour Market Change

Research on the long-term sustainability of New Zealand Superannuation has identified three main policy options; raising the age of eligibility, lowering pension rates relative to the average age, and the targeting of the entitlement. Our paper examines the potential impact of labour market changes on superannuation, under a range of long-term scenarios. The balance between market and non-market work and leisure is certain to be significantly affected by the demands of population ageing. Female participation rates seem likely to rise as do those of older persons. The long-term historical decline in male participation seems unlikely to continue over the next fifty years. Overall, anticipation in paid work be persons aged 25-70 will tend to increase. However, our scenarios suggest that no prospective pattern of labour market change is likely, of itself, to solve New Zealand's emerging superannuation problem. All three policy options identified in previous research need to be kept under review as possible responses to emergent fiscal pressures.

Early careers of recent U.S. Social Science PhDs

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emory Morrison ◽  
Elizabeth Rudd ◽  
Maresi Nerad
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Tenure Track ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Tenure Track Position ◽  
Academic Job Market

In this article, we analyse findings of the largest, most comprehensive survey of the career paths of social science PhD graduates to date, Social Science PhDs - Five+Years Out (SS5). SS5 surveyed more than 3,000 graduates of U.S. PhD programmes in six social science fields six to ten years after earning their PhD. The survey collected data on family, career and graduate school experiences. Like previous studies in Australia, the U.K., the U.S.A. and Germany, SS5 found that graduates several years after completing their education had mostly positive labour market experiences, but only after undergoing a transitional period of insecurity and uncertainty. Most SS5 doctoral students wanted to become professors, despite the difficult academic job market and the existence of a non-academic market for PhD labour. Many respondents' career pathways included a delayed move into a faculty tenure-track position, but exceptionally few moved from a faculty tenure-track position into another labour market sector. Respondents reported that their PhD programmes had not trained them well in several skills important for academic and non-academic jobs. Men's and women's career paths were remarkably similar, but, we argue, women 'subsidised' gender equality in careers by paying higher personal costs than men. We conclude with recommendations.

scholarly journals Societal Relevance Dimensions of Graduating in Political Science in Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sabine Gatt ◽  
Lore Hayek ◽  
Christian Huemer
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Public ◽  
Societal Relevance ◽  
Increasing Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

 4,350 students were enrolled in a BA and 1,481 pursued a Master’s programme in political science in Austria in 2016. However, only a small number of degree holders embark on an academic career; many more move on to jobs in the public or private sector. In this contribution we focus on the impact of teaching political science and the contribution that political science graduates make to society. The article draws on data from the Graduate Monitoring which evaluates graduates’ progress in the labour market, and semi-structured interviews with political science graduates. Increasing knowledge about students’ career paths will help to improve curricula and contribute to a better understanding of the theories, methods and instruments that graduates will apply in their careers. 

scholarly journals EDUCATION AND FUTURE WORK ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS IN POLAND AND LITHUANIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Vilmante Kumpikaite - Valiūniene ◽  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Ewa Glińska
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Theoretical Orientation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Attitudes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Career ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

Increasing the employment among young people is one of the main objectives of the European Union labour market policy. On the one hand, labour market indicators of youths are worse than the ones for the population as a whole. Moreover, the EU countries face NEETs phenomena when young people are not in education, employment and training. Simultaneously, the strong aging process in Europe and demographic changes determine the need for a particular focus on young people who are an important part of future labour force. It is crucial to equip young people with the skills and competencies tailored to the needs of employers, which also would be consistent with the attitudes and expectations of young people. That is why the authors of the paper decided to take into consideration the work and education attitudes of students in two European countries - Poland and Lithuania. These neighbouring EU member states went through comparable historical and political conditions, which influenced their economic situations also in the area of labour market. However, those countries followed different educational reforms. Lithuania implemented basic dual learning and Poland still represents more theoretical orientation in tertiary education. The research aim of the paper is to identify the differences in education and future work attitudes of Polish and Lithuanian students. Those differences were diagnosed taking into account: an assessment of own skills for a 'dream' job, perceptions of the impact of environmental factors on a future career, as well as a diagnosis of motivators to work.The chosen research methods were both secondary data analysis as well as realisation of the primary quantitative research among Polish and Lithuanian students. The survey was conducted among 500 students - roughly in half from each country. The comparison showed large similarities in the factors affecting the motivation of students to work as well as some differences in the perception of the impact of the environment on the future career. The biggest differences among students from two countries were identified in the evaluation of skills needed to find employment. 

scholarly journals Várandóskori munkavállalási tervek megvalósulása és a korai munkavállalás jellemzői

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Leitheiser
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Demographic Research ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Early Return ◽  
Participation Of Women

Although views related to the traditional perception of social roles are still widespread in Hungary, the participation of women in the labour market has become more and more typical. However, in many cases having children can pull women out of the labour market for years, breaking their career paths. Mothers are more and more disadvantaged by the increase in time spent away, as the knowledge they need to do their job does not develop further or becomes obsolete, which can hold back career prospects in terms of professional development and even lead to a loss of income. Higher education, married marital status, longer previous work experience and higher personal income increase the chances of early return to the labour market, however, in the case of a single (divorced) marital status or married relationship/ partnership, the partner's high income and higher number of children may reduce the chances of this. The aim of this study is to present the development of the planned period of re-employment assumed during pregnancy half a year after the birth – not a typical pathway in Hungary, which concerns only about 3,6% of mothers – and to map the factors along which the early return to the labour market after the birth can be characterized. All these are determined based on the available literature of the topic and the data of the first (pregnancy) and second (occurring at the age of six months) wave of the longitudinal panel research Cohort ‘18 Hungarian Birth Cohort Study launched by the Hungarian Demographic Research Institute in early 2018.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document