Toughening Mechanism of Recycled Rubber Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Fibers + Alumina Fibers for Military Applications

2022 ◽  
pp. 99-109
Author(s):  
G. K-Çakır ◽  
Ö. Aslan ◽  
E. Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
Recycled Rubber

Experimental Results of Polyester/Glass Fibers – Cementitious Matrix Bond Characteristics: Effect of Silane on Fibers

2012 ◽  
Vol 428 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Nor Edine Abriak ◽  
Nassim Sebaibi ◽  
Mahfoud Benzerzour
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Fiber Pullout ◽  
Cementitious Matrix ◽  
Bond Characteristics

In this paper, the effect of silane treatment on the bond characteristics of fiber in cementitious matrix, including bond strength and pullout energy are presented. These fibres arise from recycling by crushing of thermoset composite based on unsaturated polyester/glass fiber. Various silane treatment contents ranging from 0% to 1% are used. This treatment by silane enhances the fiber–matrix interfacial properties, especially in fiber pullout energy. However, the bond strength was increased by 150% and the pullout energy was increased by 300%. It is also concluded that in terms of the bond characteristics, the optimal content of silane is 0.5%, given the conditions of the experimental program. The micro structural observation confirms the findings on the interfacial-toughening mechanism drawn from the fiber pullout test results.

Recycled Rubber Crumb as a Toughener of Polystyrene

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pittolo ◽  
R. P. Burford
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Rubber Crumb ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Minor Factor ◽  
Rubber Particles ◽  
Recycled Rubber ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Type Of Fracture ◽  
Toughening Agent

Abstract Our preliminary investigations indicate that recycled rubber crumb may be used as a toughening agent for brittle thermoplastic such as polystyrene. The toughness of the resultant materials was found to increase with increasing rubber-to-matrix adhesion and decreasing particle size. Although crazing is expected to play some role in the toughening mechanism, the absence of a yield point and the type of fracture morphology indicate it is only a minor factor It is suggested that the main contribution is from a crack bridging mechanism. The increased energy to break results from the rupture of the rubber particles. Further studies in which crumb with known tear strength and tensile properties is used as a filler are currently being carried out. It is hoped that this will lead to a clearer understanding of the toughening mechanism.

scholarly journals Toughening Mechanism Analysis of Recycled Rubber-Based Composites Reinforced with Glass Bubbles, Glass Fibers and Alumina Fibers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4215
Author(s):  
Gamze Cakir Kabakci ◽  
Ozgur Aslan ◽  
Emin Bayraktar
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Critical Energy ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Critical Energy Release Rate ◽  
Recycled Rubber

Recycling of materials attracts considerable attention around the world due to environmental and economic concerns. Recycled rubber is one of the most commonly used recyclable materials in a number of industries, including automotive and aeronautic because of their low weight and cost efficiency. In this research, devulcanized recycled rubber-based composites are designed with glass bubble microsphere, short glass fiber, aluminum chip and fine gamma alumina fiber (γ-Al2O3) reinforcements. After the determination of the reinforcements with matrix, bending strength and fracture characteristics of the composite are investigated by three-point bending (3PB) tests. Halpin–Tsai homogenization model is adapted to the rubber-based composites to estimate the moduli of the composites. Furthermore, the relevant toughening mechanisms for the most suitable reinforcements are analyzed and stress intensity factor, KIc and critical energy release rate, GIc in mode I are determined by 3PB test with single edge notch specimens. In addition, 3PB tests are simulated by finite element analysis and the results are compared with the experimental results. Microstructural and fracture surfaces analysis are carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical test results show that the reinforcement with glass bubbles, aluminum oxide ceramic fibers and aluminum chips generally increase the fracture toughness of the composites.

Failure Analysis With the Scanning Electron Microscope

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
John R. Devaney
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Military Applications ◽  
Small Structure ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Scanning Electron

Occasionally in history, an event may occur which has a profound influence on a technology. Such an event occurred when the scanning electron microscope became commercially available to industry in the mid 60's. Semiconductors were being increasingly used in high-reliability space and military applications both because of their small volume but, also, because of their inherent reliability. However, they did fail, both early in life and sometimes in middle or old age. Why they failed and how to prevent failure or prolong “useful life” was a worry which resulted in a blossoming of sophisticated failure analysis laboratories across the country. By 1966, the ability to build small structure integrated circuits was forging well ahead of techniques available to dissect and analyze these same failures. The arrival of the scanning electron microscope gave these analysts a new insight into failure mechanisms.

Phase separation in sol gel-derived ceramic films of silica-zirconia, alumina-zirconia, and titania-zirconia system

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 646-647
Author(s):  
J. Tong ◽  
L. Eyring
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Ceramic Films ◽  
Zirconia Toughened Alumina

There is increasing interest in composites containing zirconia because of their high strength, fracture toughness, and its great influence on the chemical durability in glass. For the zirconia-silica system, monolithic glasses, fibers and coatings have been obtained. There is currently a great interest in designing zirconia-toughened alumina including exploration of the processing methods and the toughening mechanism.The possibility of forming nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method has been investigated in three systems: zirconia-alumina, zirconia-silica and zirconia-titania using HREM. The morphological observations initially suggest that the formation of nanocrystal composites by a phase separation method is possible in the zirconia-alumina and zirconia-silica systems, but impossible in the zirconia-titania system. The separation-produced grain size in silica-zirconia system is around 5 nm and is more uniform than that in the alumina-zirconia system in which the sizes of the small polyhedron grains are around 10 nm. In the titania-zirconia system, there is no obvious separation as was observed in die alumina-zirconia and silica-zirconia system.

Observation of solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 644-645
Author(s):  
J. R. Heffelfinger ◽  
C. B. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Alumina Substrate ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alumina Fibers ◽  
Optical Applications

Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM), scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to investigate the solid-state reaction between a thin yttria film and a (0001) α-alumina substrate. Systems containing Y2O3 (yttria) and Al2O3 (alumina) are seen in many technologically relevant applications. For example, yttria is being explored as a coating material for alumina fibers for metal-ceramic composites. The coating serves as a diffusion barrier and protects the alumina fiber from reacting with the metal matrix. With sufficient time and temperature, yttria in contact with alumina will react to form one or a combination of phases shown by the phase diagram in Figure l. Of the reaction phases, yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) is used as a material for lasers and other optical applications. In a different application, YAG is formed as a secondary phase in the sintering of AIN. Yttria is added to AIN as a sintering aid and acts as an oxygen getter by reacting with the alumina in AIN to form YAG.

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