Assessment of Rumen Digestion Processes and Productivity of Fattening Bull Calves with a High Level of Concentrates in the Diet

The article presents the data obtained as a result of carrying by employees of the Research Institute of sheep and goat breeding, a branch of the FSBSI "North Caucasus FARC", the scientific and economic experience to study the efficiency of a new fodder additive "Organic" on the productive and physiological indices of bull-calves during the completion of growing in the conditions of the farm "Pata" agricultural enterprise in the Karachay-Cherkessia Republic. The statement of the experience and all researches were carried out according to generally accepted methods. In the course of the experiment, the following indices were studied: the chemical compound of forages, the dynamics of a live weight gain in the experimental stock, hematological parameters, control slaughter data, economic indices. Completed researches have shown positive result from the use of the fodder additive "Organic" in bull-calves diets: an increase in the average daily gain of live weight by 25%, a slaughter yield by 1% and a high level of profitability – 27%. Thus, the additional introduction of "Organic" in a diet of young horned cattle in the 2nd experimental group promoted more intensive metabolism, stabilization of a physiological state, increase in productivity and, as a consequence, profitability of beef production. Researches in this direction reveal the latent fodder reserves promoting increase in the productivity of agricultural animals.

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NIPPLE FEEDING OF SUPPLEMENTAL PROTEIN TO CALVES

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas77-022 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. H. ROBINSON ◽

D. N. MOWAT ◽

H. W. CHAPMAN ◽

J. J. PARKINS

Keyword(s):

Bottle Feeding ◽

Wire Mesh ◽

Urea Nitrogen ◽

Plasma Urea ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Lukewarm Water ◽

High Level ◽

Supplemental Protein ◽

High Degree ◽

Basal Ration

Forty-eight Holstein bull calves initially averaging 90 kg were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to compare two levels and two methods of feeding supplemental protein. The basal ration, which was fed free choice, consisted of shelled corn, minerals, vitamins and urea and provided 10.5% CP on a DM basis. Supplemental protein as 50% CP soyaflour was fed at levels of 228 g (H) and 126 g (L) per day. The soyaflour was fed either with the basal ration (C) or twice per day (in equal amounts) from a nipple bottle (N) after being mixed with approximately 2 liters of lukewarm water. Calves were housed in individual pens with wire mesh floors and fed for 70 days. The soyaflour slurry was vigorously consumed by calves. No significant differences (P <.05) occurred in any of the performance parameters. However, a trend toward reduced weight gains and DM intake was observed among calves fed treatment LN. A nitrogen metabolism trial was conducted concurrently utilizing the same calves. Calves fed the high level of protein retained more (P <.05) nitrogen and excreted more (P <.05) urine urea nitrogen than calves fed the low level of protein. Increases in levels of plasma urea nitrogen following feeding were greater (P <.05) and occurred later (P <.05) in nipple-fed compared to conventionally fed calves. A subsequent trial was conducted with 10 calves to determine extent of closure of the reticular groove. Post-feeding levels of both blood glucose and rumen strontium indicated a high degree of groove closure with bottle feeding.

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The compartments of the parenchyma of the lymph nodes in newborn bull calves of domestic cattle (Bos taurus)

Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems ◽

10.15421/021727 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 169-178

Author(s):

P. N. Gavrilin ◽

О. G. Gavrilina ◽

M. V. Kravtsovа

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Relative Volume ◽

Structural Components ◽

Lymphocyte Migration ◽

Clonal Proliferation ◽

Bull Calves ◽

High Level ◽

Medullary Cords

The article analyzes the features of the structure of the lymphoid lobules of the parenchyma of the superficial somatic (Limphonodi subiliaci, L. cervicales superficiales), profund somatic (L. axillares proprii L. poplitei), somatovisceral (L. iliaci mediales, L. retropharyngei mediales) and visceral (L. mediastinales caudales, L. ileocolici) lymph nodes of newborn bull calves of domestic cattle. To visualize clearly the boundaries of the structural components of lymphoid lobules we used the author’s modification of the impregnation of total median frozen histological sections with silver nitrate. We have established a high level of tissue differentiation of the lymph nodes, a significant development of the lymphoid parenchyma, the division of the parenchyma into lymphoid lobules, the presence in the lobules of all the main structural components that are represented by two morphotypes. The first morphotype is ribbon-like perisinusoidal cords (interfollicular zone, paracortical and medullary cords). The second morphotype is rounded lymphoid formations (central zones of deep cortex units, lymphatic nodules). Lymphoid lobules are located along the marginal sinus in one row, they are better developed and differentiated in the visceral lymph nodes. In all the lymph nodes, the lymphoid lobules have a similar histoarchitectonic, and each structural component of the lymphoid lobules has a specific architectonic of the reticular meshwork and the density of the location of the fibroblastic reticulocytes. We determined that the structures of the first morphotype which provide the migration of lymphocytes, the detection of antigens and the accumulation of plasmocytes are more developed. We have established that the relative volume of structures of the first morphotype is 4.5–8.0 times larger than the volume of the structures of the second morphotype, which provide clonal proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, especially in deep somatic lymph nodes. Among the zones of the second morphotype, predominate T-dependent zones, the relative volume of which considerably exceeds the volume of B-dependent zones (lymphoid nodules): in the superficial somatic lymph nodes by 14–30 times, profound somatic by 12–14 times, somatovisceral by 6–7 times and visceral by 4.5–5.5 times. We determined that lymphatic nodules can form in different parts of compartments: in the interfollicular zone and paracortical cords of all lymph nodes and in the medullary cords of the visceral lymph nodes. The study shows that the parenchyma of the lymph nodes of newborn bull calves has a high degree of maturity, contains a full set of structural markers of immunocompetence, among which predominate the components that support lymphocyte migration, antigen detection and accumulation of plasma cells.

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ESTIMATION OF BULL-CALVES MEAT PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY IN IRKUTSK REGION

Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science ◽

10.30850/vrsn/2019/4/60-62 ◽

1970 ◽

pp. 60-62

Author(s):

Т. L. Khundanova ◽

А. B. Budaeva ◽

Yu. А. Kozub ◽

А. А. Martemianova ◽

М. L. Garmaev

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Bull Calf ◽

Black And White ◽

Bull Calves ◽

Irkutsk Region ◽

White Breed ◽

Meat Productivity ◽

High Level

In the Irkutsk region, beef is obtained from all breeds of cattle. The main share is accounted for by cattle of black-and-white breed, the share of specialized meat breeds is only about 20% of the total volume of beef. Excellent taste characteristics due to the chemical composition of meat. The results of meat quality from the Kazakh white-headed and Hereford breeds testify to their high nutritional value, so the BKP level was 6.34 and 6.48, respectively. The comparing estimation of meat productivity and quality characteristics of meat was carried out. For these purpose the control slaughter was 18 months age. The data analysis revealed a high level of slaughter characteristics of meat bull-calves. The average pre-slaughter weight of one bull-calf of Kazakhskaya belogolovaya breed was 453,77 kg, Hereford breed – 470,21 kg. Differences was 3.62 %, with carcass yield– 53%, and slaughter – 56 %. Correlation of water and dry matter lies within 70/30. Bull-calves meat of Hereford breed contains more protein by 1/27%, fat-1.48, ash – 0.11%. Meat of Kazakhskaya belogolovaya bull-calves breed is somewhat inferior in quality characteristics.

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Transcription factor/DNA interactions visualized by electron spectroscopic imaging

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100122654 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 450-451

Author(s):

David P. Bazett-Jones ◽

Mark L. Brown

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Transcription Initiation ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Phosphorus Content ◽

Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Electron Spectroscopic Imaging ◽

Dna Backbone ◽

Two Parameters ◽

High Level

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.

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Advances in Stem Instrumentation for Biology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100180562 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 362-363

Author(s):

J. S. Wall

Keyword(s):

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Material Deposition ◽

Active User ◽

Percent Improvement ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

The Moment ◽

Film Substrate ◽

High Level

The forte of the Scanning transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) is high resolution imaging with high contrast on thin specimens, as demonstrated by visualization of single heavy atoms. of equal importance for biology is the efficient utilization of all available signals, permitting low dose imaging of unstained single molecules such as DNA.Our work at Brookhaven has concentrated on: 1) design and construction of instruments optimized for a narrow range of biological applications and 2) use of such instruments in a very active user/collaborator program. Therefore our program is highly interactive with a strong emphasis on producing results which are interpretable with a high level of confidence.The major challenge we face at the moment is specimen preparation. The resolution of the STEM is better than 2.5 A, but measurements of resolution vs. dose level off at a resolution of 20 A at a dose of 10 el/A2 on a well-behaved biological specimen such as TMV (tobacco mosaic virus). To track down this problem we are examining all aspects of specimen preparation: purification of biological material, deposition on the thin film substrate, washing, fast freezing and freeze drying. As we attempt to improve our equipment/technique, we use image analysis of TMV internal controls included in all STEM samples as a monitor sensitive enough to detect even a few percent improvement. For delicate specimens, carbon films can be very harsh-leading to disruption of the sample. Therefore we are developing conducting polymer films as alternative substrates, as described elsewhere in these Proceedings. For specimen preparation studies, we have identified (from our user/collaborator program ) a variety of “canary” specimens, each uniquely sensitive to one particular aspect of sample preparation, so we can attempt to separate the variables involved.

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A Questionnaire Survey of Current Rehabilitation Practices for Adults With Normal Hearing Sensitivity Who Experience Auditory Difficulties

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-20-00027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 738-761

Author(s):

Tess K. Koerner ◽

Melissa A. Papesh ◽

Frederick J. Gallun

Keyword(s):

Hearing Aids ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Patient Population ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Auditory Training ◽

Training Methods ◽

Hearing Sensitivity ◽

Considerable Benefit ◽

High Level

Purpose A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information from clinical audiologists about rehabilitation options for adult patients who report significant auditory difficulties despite having normal or near-normal hearing sensitivity. This work aimed to provide more information about what audiologists are currently doing in the clinic to manage auditory difficulties in this patient population and their views on the efficacy of recommended rehabilitation methods. Method A questionnaire survey containing multiple-choice and open-ended questions was developed and disseminated online. Invitations to participate were delivered via e-mail listservs and through business cards provided at annual audiology conferences. All responses were anonymous at the time of data collection. Results Responses were collected from 209 participants. The majority of participants reported seeing at least one normal-hearing patient per month who reported significant communication difficulties. However, few respondents indicated that their location had specific protocols for the treatment of these patients. Counseling was reported as the most frequent rehabilitation method, but results revealed that audiologists across various work settings are also successfully starting to fit patients with mild-gain hearing aids. Responses indicated that patient compliance with computer-based auditory training methods was regarded as low, with patients generally preferring device-based rehabilitation options. Conclusions Results from this questionnaire survey strongly suggest that audiologists frequently see normal-hearing patients who report auditory difficulties, but that few clinicians are equipped with established protocols for diagnosis and management. While many feel that mild-gain hearing aids provide considerable benefit for these patients, very little research has been conducted to date to support the use of hearing aids or other rehabilitation options for this unique patient population. This study reveals the critical need for additional research to establish evidence-based practice guidelines that will empower clinicians to provide a high level of clinical care and effective rehabilitation strategies to these patients.

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