Infectious Agent-Induced Rhinitis

1997 ◽  
pp. 147-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Criscione ◽  
E. Porro
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent

Use of TEM in Plant Disease Diagnosis: A Xylem-Limited Bacterium Associated with Diseased ‘Toronto’ Creeping Bentgrass

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 414-415
Author(s):  
Karen K. Baker ◽  
David L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Plant Disease Diagnosis

Plant disease diagnosis is most often accomplished by examination of symptoms and observation or isolation of causal organisms. Occasionally, diseases of unknown etiology occur and are difficult or impossible to accurately diagnose by the usual means. In 1980, such a disease was observed on Agrostis palustris Huds. c.v. Toronto (creeping bentgrass) putting greens at the Butler National Golf Course in Oak Brook, IL.The wilting symptoms of the disease and the irregular nature of its spread through affected areas suggested that an infectious agent was involved. However, normal isolation procedures did not yield any organism known to infect turf grass. TEM was employed in order to aid in the possible diagnosis of the disease.Crown, root and leaf tissue of both infected and symptomless plants were fixed in cold 5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, post-fixed in buffered 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in a 1:1 mixture of Spurrs and epon-araldite epoxy resins.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

316. Detection of Infectious Agent Containing Aerosols in the Hospital Environment

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sawyer ◽  
N. Aintablian ◽  
C. Chamberlain ◽  
E. Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Hospital Environment

Clinical case of periostitis in pregnant women complicated by sepsis

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Kakvaeva ◽  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
A. N. Dzhalilova
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Multiple Organ Failure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Organ Failure ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Number Of Patients

One of the most serious problems of modern medicine is sepsis. The number of patients undergoing this complication is 20–30 million (WHO) annually and has no tendency to decrease. Sepsis is characterized by severe multiple organ failure due to a violation of the response of the macroorganism to an infectious agent. Moreover, it is dangerous with high mortality. Sepsis often develops in patients with immunodeficiency conditions, which primarily include pregnant women. The article presents a clinical observation of a case of periostitis in a pregnant woman complicated by a septic state.

COVID-19 Epigenetics and Implications for Public Health

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verda Tunalıgil ◽  
Gülsen Meral ◽  
Ahmet Katı ◽  
Dhrubajyoti Chattopadhyay ◽  
Amit Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Abstract:: Epigenetic changes in COVID-19 host, a pandemic-causing infectious agent that globally incapacitated communities in varying complexities and capacities are discussed, proposing an analogy that epigenetic processes contribute to disease severity and elevate the risk for death from infection. Percentages of hospitalization, with and without intensive care, in the presence of diseases with increased ACE2 expression, were compared, based on the best available data. Further analysis compared two different age groups, 19-64 and ≥65 years of age. The COVID-19 disease is observed to be the most severe in the 65-and-higher-age group with preexisting chronic conditions. This observational study is a non-experimental empirical investigation of the outcomes of COVID-19 in different patient groups. Results are promising for conducting clinical trials with intervention groups. To ultimately succeed in disease prevention, researchers and clinicians must integrate epigenetic mechanisms to generate valid prescriptions for global well-being.

Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in a case of Enteric Fever

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 4882
Author(s):  
Vineeta Pande ◽  
Agarkhedkar S. R. ◽  
Ayank Tandon* ◽  
Aditya Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Haemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stimulation Of

HLH is an uncommon, life threatening clinical syndrome cause by a severe hyper inflammatory reaction triggered by an infectious agent. The characteristic symptoms of HLH are due to the persistent stimulation of lymphocytes and histiocytes, leading to hyper-cytokinemia. We report a case of HLH in enteric fever in a13 year old female presenting with fever, lymphadenopathy and pancytopenia due an infection caused by Salmonella.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Pseudorabies Virus Clinical Isolates from Pigs in China between 2012 and 2017 in China

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1322
Author(s):  
Ruiming Hu ◽  
Leyi Wang ◽  
Qingyun Liu ◽  
Lin Hua ◽  
Xi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Evolutionary Constraint ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Pressure Analysis

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is an economically significant swine infectious agent. A PRV outbreak took place in China in 2011 with novel virulent variants. Although the association of viral genomic variability with pathogenicity is not fully confirmed, the knowledge concerning PRV genomic diversity and evolution is still limited. Here, we sequenced 54 genomes of novel PRV variants isolated in China from 2012 to 2017. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that China strains and US/Europe strains were classified into two separate genotypes. PRV strains isolated from 2012 to 2017 in China are highly related to each other and genetically close to classic China strains such as Ea, Fa, and SC. RDP analysis revealed 23 recombination events within novel PRV variants, indicating that recombination contributes significantly to the viral evolution. The selection pressure analysis indicated that most ORFs were under evolutionary constraint, and 19 amino acid residue sites in 15 ORFs were identified under positive selection. Additionally, 37 unique mutations were identified in 19 ORFs, which distinguish the novel variants from classic strains. Overall, our study suggested that novel PRV variants might evolve from classical PRV strains through point mutation and recombination mechanisms.

scholarly journals POS1155 INFECTIOUS RISK DURING BIOLOGIC THERAPY FOR INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES: DATA FROM THE TUNISIAN BINAR REGISTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 856.2-856
Author(s):  
S. Boussaid ◽  
R. Ben Aissa ◽  
S. Kochbati ◽  
M. Elleuch ◽  
L. Abdelmoula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
National Registry ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Infection Frequency ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Infectious Episode ◽  
Infectious Risk ◽  
Systemic Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Factor Alpha

Background:The development of biologics for the treatment of systemic rheumatic diseases increased the risk of infections. The management of this complication deserves particular attention since it remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality.Objectives:The aim of our study was to determine infection frequency under biological treatment and consequences on the therapeutic management.Methods:Patients included in the Biological National Registry (BINAR) from 2016 to 2020. Data related to the disease, biological agents, and infections occurring under biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) were collected.Results:The study included 298 patients with a mean age of 49.2 years [18-79] 175 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 123 with spondyloarthritis (Axial Spondyloarthritis=48, Enteropathic Arthritis=41, Psoriatic Arthritis=34). Anti Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Anti-TNF) agents were the most prescribed bDMARDs in 87.9% (n=263) of patients: Infliximab 20.4% (n=61),Etanercept 23.1%(n=69), Adalimumab 24.6%(n=74) and Certolizumab (n=79). No patients were treated with Golimumab. Tocilizumab and Rituximab were prescribed respectively in 10.4% (n=31) and 5% (n=15) of patients. Infections occured in 9 patients (3.1%) with a total of 13 infectious episodes 12 bacterial and a viral one. The site of infections was: respiratory (38%), urinary (15%), cutaneous (23%), ORL (8%), infective endocarditis (8%), and other (8%). The infectious agent was identified in only 3 patients. The outcomes were favorable in most cases except in one patient where there was a definitive interruption of bDMARDs. The patient was hospitalized for sepsis complicating a cutaneous infection with favorable outcomes under antibiotics within a week. The biological agent with higher risk of infections was Tocilizumab (p = 0.056), unlike Rituximab (p = 0.483) and Anti-TNF (p = 0.082). All patients who had an infectious episode were under corticosteroids.Conclusion:Our results confirm that bDMARDs are predisposing to infections, but data from BINAR showed that most infections were trivial with no serious outcomes. Therefore, infections should be assessed in patients under bDMARDs for an early therapeutic intervention.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Do Animals Play a Role in the Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)? A Commentary

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Anna Costagliola ◽  
Giovanna Liguori ◽  
Danila d’Angelo ◽  
Caterina Costa ◽  
Francesca Ciani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Partial Protection ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
First Case ◽  
And Behavior

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the Beta-coronavirus genus. It is 96.2% homologous to bat CoV RaTG13 and 88% homologous to two bat SARS-like coronaviruses. SARS-CoV-2 is the infectious agent responsible for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in the Hubei province of Wuhan, China, at the beginning of December 2019. Human transmission from COVID-19 patients or incubation carriers occurs via coughing, sneezing, speaking, discharge from the nose, or fecal contamination. Various strains of the virus have been reported around the world, with different virulence and behavior. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 shares certain epitopes with some taxonomically related viruses, with tropism for the most common synanthropic animals. By elucidating the immunological properties of the circulating SARS-CoV-2, a partial protection due to human–animal interactions could be supposed in some situations. In addition, differential epitopes could be used for the differential diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There have been cases of transmission from people with COVID-19 to pets such as cats and dogs. In addition, wild felines were infected. All These animals were either asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic and recovered spontaneously. Experimental studies showed cats and ferrets to be more susceptible to COVID-19. COVID-19 positive dogs and felines do not transmit the infection to humans. In contrast, minks at farms were severely infected from people with COVID-19. A SARS-Cov-2 variant in the Danish farmed mink that had been previously infected by COVID-19 positive workers, spread to mink workers causing the first case of animal-to-human infection transmission that causes a moderate decreased sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies. Thus, more investigations are necessary. It remains important to understand the risk that people with COVID-19 pose to their pets, as well as wild or farm animals so effective recommendations and risk management measures against COVID-19 can be made. A One Health unit that facilitates collaboration between public health and veterinary services is recommended.

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