Perthes Hip Treated with Articulated Hip Distraction and Small-Diameter Core Decompression

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Marie Gdalevitch
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Hip Distraction ◽  
Diameter Core

Analysis of Powder Samples Extracted from Concrete Structures of Nuclear Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 1054 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zatloukal ◽  
Petr Bezdička
Keyword(s):  
Small Diameter ◽  
Nuclear Plant ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nuclear Plants ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Diameter Core ◽  
Material Sample ◽  
Non Destructive

The civil structures of nuclear plants need to meet the most strict criteria in terms of safety and reliability not only during their design and construction, but during the duration of their life cycle. Regarding the specifics of nuclear plant operation the inspections of the said structures need to be fully non-destructive and visual inspection is the method mostly used. In rare occasions it is possible to obtain a material sample in the form of drilled powder or small diameter core. In this paper, an example of analysis of such material sample is given, showing the amount of information describing the structural material that can be obtained using state-of-the art analytical methods – X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and thermic analysis (TG/DTA). The paper shows results for regular structural concrete and special concrete with enhanced capability of shielding ionizing radiation.

Soil sampling bulk-density in the coastal lowlands of South-East Queensland

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Costantini
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Land Evaluation ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Site Classification ◽  
Core Sampler ◽  
Diameter Core ◽  
Size Interaction ◽  
Coastal Lowlands

Bulk density is commonly measured in compaction, cultivation, land evaluation and site classification studies in forestry. Typically, measurements are made using a small-diameter core sampler (an integral open drive sampler) which is manually driven into the soil profile. The study reported in this paper was designed to determine the effects of sampler size on bulk density estimates, and to identify optimal sampling intensities for the coastal lowlands of south-east Queensland. Four sampler sizes were tested (internal diameters of 3.48, 4.83, 5.98 and 9.12 cm, and all approximately 10 cm in length). All sampler sizes provided consistent estimates of bulk density for a range of soil types and conditions. The accuracy of bulk density assessment was not improved by increasing sampler diameter beyond 5.98 cm. The results suggested that the core sampler technique can be used efficiently in a wider range of soil conditions than that recommended in the literature. Comparison of variances estimated for the four sampler sizes indicated no significant differences between either sampler size or site, and no significant 'site by sampler size' interaction. A single pooled estimate of variance was therefore used to recommend sampling intensities for coastal lowland soils. With any of the samplers used in this study, five replications will provide a point estimate of bulk density with a precision of � 0.1 g cm -3; at the 95% probability level.

The nature of changes in bulk density with water content in a cracking clay

Soil Research ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Berndt ◽  
KJ Coughlan
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
High Water ◽  
Density Relationship ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Diameter Core ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Water Contents

The effect of changing water content on the bulk density of undisturbed cores of a cracking clay was examined in laboratory experiments. The results were compared with the relationship between bulk density and water content established by core sampling the same soil in the field. Over the water content range measured in the field soil, the laboratory cores shrank three-dimensionally and normally. Small departures from normal shrinkage were attributed to the formation of cracks within the cores, and to the occurrence of some structural shrinkage in cores previously wet to high water contents. Swelling of cores was approximately three-dimensional, except for some unconfined swelling which occurred in the core surface. Unidimensional swelling was induced by confining dry cores to reduce the void ratio before wetting. Subsequent shrinkage was three-dimensional, indicating that the soil particles were reoriented during the unidimensional swelling phase. While the laboratory measurements showed that the soil volume changes were essentially three-dimensional and normal, the field data indicated that unidimensional shrinkage occurred at water contents greater than 0.47 g g-1. These field results were attributed to sampling inaccuracies associated with the use of a small-diameter core sampler, the actual field bulk density relationship being considered three-dimensional.

A Replica Technique for the Inside Surfaces of Small Diameter Pipes and Tubes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
T. G. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Replica Technique ◽  
Tube Size ◽  
Inside Diameter ◽  
Complete Inspection ◽  
Operating Limits

A nondestructive replica technique permitting complete inspection of bore surfaces having an inside diameter from 0.050 inch to 0.500 inch is described. Replicas are thermally formed on the outside surface of plastic tubing inflated in the bore of the sample being studied. This technique provides a new medium for inspection of bores that are too small or otherwise beyond the operating limits of conventional inspection methods.Bore replicas may be prepared by sliding a length of plastic tubing completely through the bore to be studied as shown in Figure 1. Polyvinyl chloride tubing suitable for this replica process is commercially available in sizes from 0.037- to 0.500-inch diameter. A tube size slightly smaller than the bore to be replicated should be used to facilitate insertion of the plastic replica blank into the bore.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

Prospects for convergent beam electron diffraction with a 200kV cold field-emission transmission electron microscope

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
J W Steeds ◽  
R Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Field Emission ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction ◽  
Zone Axis ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Good Crystallinity ◽  
Special Modification ◽  
Convergent Beam

We review the analytical powers which will become more widely available as medium voltage (200-300kV) TEMs with facilities for CBED on a nanometre scale come onto the market. Of course, high performance cold field emission STEMs have now been in operation for about twenty years, but it is only in relatively few laboratories that special modification has permitted the performance of CBED experiments. Most notable amongst these pioneering projects is the work in Arizona by Cowley and Spence and, more recently, that in Cambridge by Rodenburg and McMullan.There are a large number of potential advantages of a high intensity, small diameter, focussed probe. We discuss first the advantages for probes larger than the projected unit cell of the crystal under investigation. In this situation we are able to perform CBED on local regions of good crystallinity. Zone axis patterns often contain information which is very sensitive to thickness changes as small as 5nm. In conventional CBED, with a lOnm source, it is very likely that the information will be degraded by thickness averaging within the illuminated area.

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