Anodic Voltage Oscillations in Hall-Héroult Cells

2011 ◽  
pp. 555-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Etienne Einarsrud ◽  
Espen Sandnes
Keyword(s):  
Anodic Voltage

Anodic Voltage Dependence of Ti-6Al-4V Substrates and Hydroxyapatite Coating

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 5700-5706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai-Hua He ◽  
Pu Wang ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xin-Kuan Liu ◽  
Xiao-Hong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Voltage Dependence ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Coating ◽  
Anodic Voltage

Synthesis and Structure of Titania Nanotubes For Hydrogen Generation

2013 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangworn Wantawee ◽  
Pacharee Krongkitsiri ◽  
Tippawan Saipin ◽  
Buagun Samran ◽  
Udom Tipparach
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Ammonium Fluoride ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Titania Nanotubes ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dc Power ◽  
Anodic Voltage

Titania nanotubes (TiO2NTs) working electrodes for hydrogen production by photoelectrocatalytic water splitting were synthesized by means of anodization method. The electrolytes were the mixtures of oxalic acid (H2C2O4), ammonium fluoride (NH4F), and sodium sulphate (VI) (Na2SO4) with different pHs. A constant dc power supply at 20 V was used as anodic voltage. The samples were annealed at 450 °C for 2 hrs. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterized TiO2NTs microstructure. TiO2NTs with diameter of 100 nm were obtained when pH 3 electrolyte consisting of 0.08 M oxalic acid, 0.5 wt% NH4F, and 1.0 wt% Na2SO4was used. Without external applied potential, the maximum photocurrent density was 2.8 mA/cm2under illumination of 100 mW/cm2. Hydrogen was generated at an overall photoconversion efficiency of 3.4 %.

A STUDY FOR ANODIC OXIDE FILMS OF GaAs BY RADIOACTIVATION ANALYSIS

2001 ◽  
Vol 08 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 245-249
Author(s):  
K. YOKOTA ◽  
K. NAKAMURA ◽  
S. TAMURA ◽  
S. ISHIHARA ◽  
I. KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Auger Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Auger Electron ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Radioactivation Analysis ◽  
Anodic Oxide Films ◽  
Anodic Voltage

Gallium arsenide was anodically oxidized in a mixture of ethylene glycol and tartaric acid as an electrolyte. The numbers of Ga and As atoms in the anodic oxide films and in the used electrolytes were measured by radioactivation analysis. During the anodic oxidation, GaAs dissolved into the electrolyte. The numbers of Ga and As atoms that dissolved into the electrolytes was proportional to the anodic voltage, and the number of Ga atoms in the electrolyte was about five times more than that of As atoms. The composition of the anodic oxide films varied with depth. However, the atomic profiles measured by Auger electron spectroscopy displayed As atoms much less than Ga atoms throughout the anodic oxide films, because Ga oxides were lost from the anodic oxide films into the vacuum during the Auger electron spectroscopy, accompanying sputtered thin film removal.

scholarly journals Anodizing of Hydrogenated Titanium and Zirconium Films

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7490
Author(s):  
Alexander Poznyak ◽  
Andrei Pligovka ◽  
Marco Salerno
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Sweep Rate ◽  
Anodic Process ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Voltage Sweep ◽  
Fundamental Possibility ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Hydrogenation Time

Magnetron-sputtered thin films of titanium and zirconium, with a thickness of 150 nm, were hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 703 K, then anodized in boric, oxalic, and tartaric acid aqueous solutions, in potentiostatic, galvanostatic, potentiodynamic, and combined modes. A study of the thickness distribution of the elements in fully anodized hydrogenated zirconium samples, using Auger electron spectroscopy, indicates the formation of zirconia. The voltage- and current-time responses of hydrogenated titanium anodizing were investigated. In this work, fundamental possibility and some process features of anodizing hydrogenated metals were demonstrated. In the case of potentiodynamic anodizing at 0.6 M tartaric acid, the increase in titanium hydrogenation time, from 30 to 90 min, leads to a decrease in the charge of the oxidizing hydrogenated metal at an anodic voltage sweep rate of 0.2 V·s−1. An anodic voltage sweep rate in the range of 0.05–0.5 V·s−1, with a hydrogenation time of 60 min, increases the anodizing efficiency (charge reduction for the complete oxidation of the hydrogenated metal). The detected radical differences in the time responses and decreased efficiency of the anodic process during the anodizing of the hydrogenated thin films, compared to pure metals, are explained by the presence of hydrogen in the composition of the samples and the increased contribution of side processes, due to the possible features of the formed oxide morphologies.

scholarly journals Metal Ions Supported Porous Coatings by Using AC Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Processing

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Rokosz ◽  
Tadeusz Hryniewicz ◽  
Steinar Raaen ◽  
Sofia Gaiaschi ◽  
Patrick Chapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Orthophosphoric Acid ◽  
Titanium Substrate ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Phosphate Coatings ◽  
Cathodic Voltage ◽  
Electrolytic Oxidation ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Plasma Electrolytic ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Coatings

Coatings enriched with zinc and copper as well as calcium or magnesium, fabricated on titanium substrate by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) under AC conditions (two cathodic voltages, i.e., −35 or −135 V, and anodic voltage of +400 V), were investigated. In all experiments, the electrolytes were based on concentrated orthophosphoric acid (85 wt%) and zinc, copper, calcium and/or magnesium nitrates. It was found that the introduced calcium and magnesium were in the ranges 5.0–5.4 at% and 5.6–6.5 at%, respectively, while the zinc and copper amounts were in the range of 0.3–0.6 at%. Additionally, it was noted that the metals of the block S (Ca and Mg) could be incorporated into the structure about 13 times more than metals of the transition group (Zn and Cu). The incorporated metals (from the electrolyte) into the top-layer of PEO phosphate coatings were on their first (Cu+) or second (Cu2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+) oxidation states. The crystalline phases (TiO and Ti3O) were detected only in coatings fabricated at cathodic voltage of −135 V. It has also been pointed that fabricated porous calcium–phosphate coatings enriched with biocompatible magnesium as well as with antibacterial zinc and copper are dedicated mainly to medical applications. However, their use for other applications (e.g., catalysis and photocatalysis) after additional functionalizations is not excluded.

Anodic performance of black phosphorus in magnesium-ion batteries: the significance of Mg–P bond-synergy

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (54) ◽  
pp. 8381-8384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swastika Banerjee ◽  
Swapan K. Pati
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Black Phosphorus ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Ion Storage ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Magnesium Ion Batteries ◽  
Battery Technology

Mg-ion storage within a covalent P-anode optimizes the anodic voltage and reduces the Mg-diffusion barrier, thereby can overcome the bottleneck in Mg-battery technology.

Effect of Applied Voltage on the Formation of Self-Organized Iron Oxide Nanoporous Film in Organic Electrolyte via Anodic Oxidation Process and their Photocurrent Performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 1024 ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monna Rozana ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar ◽  
Dede Miftahul Anwar ◽  
Go Kawamura ◽  
Abdul Razak Khairunisak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Anodic Oxide ◽  
Anodic Film ◽  
Nanoporous Structure ◽  
Iron Foil ◽  
Nanoporous Film ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Anodic Oxidation Process

Anodisation of iron foil was done to produce anodic film with nanoporous structure. The effect of anodic voltage on the morphology of the anodic oxide formed was investigated. Anodic film formed on iron foil anodised at 10 V is rather compact no obvious pores. Pores can be detected on oxide anodised at 30 V despite not very uniform. For foil anodised at 50 V, 1.8 µm thick anodic layer which consisted of uniform circular pores is observed. This film was then annealed at 450°C for 3 h in air as to induce crystallinity. The annealed nanoporous film exhibits a light illuminated photocurrent of 0.45 mA in 1 M NaOH + H2O2 solution.

Self-Organized High Aspect Ratios Titanium Oxide Nanotube Arrays Prepared by Anodization

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 529-531
Author(s):  
Jin Liang Tao ◽  
Jian Ling Zhao ◽  
Rong Qing Xu ◽  
Ying Juan Mi ◽  
Ying Ru Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Titania Nanotube Arrays ◽  
Anodic Voltage ◽  
Size And Morphology

The self-organized nanotube arrays were fabricated in glycerol electrolyte containing different additives, such as deionized water or ethylene glycol. The effects of anodization conditions, including anodic voltage, electrolyte viscosity, additives and ion concentration on the pores size and morphology were studied. Combined with preoxidation process, high aspect ratio titania nanotube arrays were formed rapidly in glycerol and saturated NaF solutions at 60 V for 1 h. SEM observation showed that a film with the thickness of about 10μm was obtained. A possible mechanism of the nanotubes growth was presented.

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