Modeling Asymmetric Cell Division in Caulobacter crescentus Using a Boolean Logic Approach

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Sánchez-Osorio ◽  
Carlos A. Hernández-Martínez ◽  
Agustino Martínez-Antonio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Logic Approach

scholarly journals A circuit of protein-protein regulatory interactions enables polarity establishment in a bacterium

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Samuel W. Duvall ◽  
Kimberly A. Kowallis ◽  
Dylan T. Tomares ◽  
Haley N. Petitjean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Scaffold Protein ◽  
Cell Polarization ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Regulatory Interactions ◽  
Daughter Cells

AbstractAsymmetric cell division generates specialized daughter cells that play a variety of roles including tissue morphogenesis in eukaryotes and pathogenesis in bacteria. In the gram-negative bacteriumCaulobacter crescentus, asymmetric localization of two biochemically distinct signaling hubs at opposite cell poles provides the foundation for asymmetric cell division. Through a set of genetic, synthetic biology and biochemical approaches we have characterized the regulatory interactions between three scaffolding proteins. These studies have revealed that the scaffold protein PodJ functions as a central mediator for organizing the new cell signaling hub, including promoting bipolarization of the central developmental scaffold protein PopZ. In addition, we identified that the old pole scaffold SpmX serves as a negative regulator of PodJ subcellular accumulation. These two scaffold-scaffold regulatory interactions serve as the core of an integrated cell polarization circuit that is layered on top of the cell-cycle circuitry to coordinate cell differentiation and asymmetric cell division.

scholarly journals Chromosome Methylation and Measurement of Faithful, Once and Only Once per Cell Cycle Chromosome Replication inCaulobacter crescentus

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (7) ◽  
pp. 1984-1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory T. Marczynski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Dna Synthesis ◽  
Replication Origin ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Chromosome Replication ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Swarmer Cell

ABSTRACT Caulobacter crescentus exhibits cell-type-specific control of chromosome replication and DNA methylation. Asymmetric cell division yields a replicating stalked cell and a nonreplicating swarmer cell. The motile swarmer cell must differentiate into a sessile stalked cell in order to replicate and execute asymmetric cell division. This program of cell division implies that chromosome replication initiates in the stalked cell only once per cell cycle. DNA methylation is restricted to the predivisional cell stage, and since DNA synthesis produces an unmethylated nascent strand, late DNA methylation also implies that DNA near the replication origin remains hemimethylated longer than DNA located further away. In this report, both assumptions are tested with an engineered Tn5-based transposon, Tn5Ω-MP. This allows a sensitive Southern blot assay that measures fully methylated, hemimethylated, and unmethylated DNA duplexes. Tn5Ω-MP was placed at 11 sites around the chromosome and it was clearly demonstrated that Tn5Ω-MP DNA near the replication origin remained hemimethylated longer than DNA located further away. One Tn5Ω-MP placed near the replication origin revealed small but detectable amounts of unmethylated duplex DNA in replicating stalked cells. Extra DNA synthesis produces a second unmethylated nascent strand. Therefore, measurement of unmethylated DNA is a critical test of the “once and only once per cell cycle” rule of chromosome replication inC. crescentus. Fewer than 1 in 1,000 stalked cells prematurely initiate a second round of chromosome replication. The implications for very precise negative control of chromosome replication are discussed with respect to the bacterial cell cycle.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence ofCaulobacter crescentusPodophage Percy

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxann A. Lerma ◽  
T. J. Tidwell ◽  
Jesse L. Cahill ◽  
Eric S. Rasche ◽  
Gabriel F. Kuty Everett
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Negative Bacterium ◽  
Gram Negative

Podophage Percy infectsCaulobacter crescentus, a Gram-negative bacterium that divides asymmetrically and is a commonly used model organism to study the cell cycle, asymmetric cell division, and cell differentiation. Here, we announce the sequence and annotated complete genome of the phiKMV-like podophage Percy and note its prominent features.

scholarly journals Temporal Controls of the Asymmetric Cell Division Cycle in Caulobacter crescentus

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. e1000463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenghua Li ◽  
Paul Brazhnik ◽  
Bruno Sobral ◽  
John J. Tyson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Cell Division Cycle

scholarly journals Construction of intracellular asymmetry and asymmetric division in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Wei Lin ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yue-Qi Lee ◽  
Po-Jiun Yang ◽  
Chia-Tse Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Design Principle ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Asymmetric Division ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Synthetic Cell

AbstractThe design principle of establishing an intracellular protein gradient for asymmetric cell division is a long-standing fundamental question. While the major molecular players and their interactions have been elucidated via genetic approaches, the diversity and redundancy of natural systems complicate the extraction of critical underlying features. Here, we take a synthetic cell biology approach to construct intracellular asymmetry and asymmetric division in Escherichia coli, in which division is normally symmetric. We demonstrate that the oligomeric PopZ from Caulobacter crescentus can serve as a robust polarized scaffold to functionalize RNA polymerase. Furthermore, by using another oligomeric pole-targeting DivIVA from Bacillus subtilis, the newly synthesized protein can be constrained to further establish intracellular asymmetry, leading to asymmetric division and differentiation. Our findings suggest that the coupled oligomerization and restriction in diffusion may be a strategy for generating a spatial gradient for asymmetric cell division.

scholarly journals Absolute Measurements of mRNA Translation inCaulobacter crescentusReveal Important Fitness Costs of Vitamin B12Scavenging

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Aretakis ◽  
Alisa Gega ◽  
Jared M. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Caulobacter Crescentus ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Genetic Network ◽  
Ribosome Profiling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Cell Cycle

ABSTRACTCaulobacter crescentusis a model for the bacterial cell cycle which culminates in asymmetric cell division, yet little is known about the absolute levels of protein synthesis of the cellular parts needed to complete the cell cycle. Here we utilize ribosome profiling to provide absolute measurements of mRNA translation inC. crescentus, providing an important resource with quantitative genome-wide measurements of protein output across individual genes. Analysis of protein synthesis rates revealed ∼4.5% of cellular protein synthesis is for genes related to vitamin B12import (btuB) and B12-independent methionine biosynthesis (metE) when grown in common growth media lacking B12. While its facultative B12lifestyle provides a fitness advantage in the absence of B12, we find that it provides a fitness disadvantage of the cells in the presence of B12, potentially explaining why manyCaulobacterspecies have lost themetEgene and become obligates for B12.IMPORTANCECaulobacter crescentusis a model system of the bacterial cell cycle culminating in asymmetric cell division, with each daughter cell inheriting a distinct set of proteins. While a genetic network of master transcription factors coordinates the cell cycle timing of transcription for nearly 20% ofCaulobactergenes, we lack knowledge of how many of each protein “part” encoded in the genome are synthesized. Therefore, to determine the absolute production rates across the genome, we performed ribosome profiling, providing, for the first time, a quantitative resource with measurements of each protein “part” needed to generate daughter cells. This resource furthers the goal of a systems-level understanding of the genetic network controlling asymmetric cell division. To highlight the utility of this data set, we probe the protein synthesis cost of a B12utilization pathway and provide new insights intoCaulobacter’s adaptation to its natural environments.

Centromere assembly and non-random sister chromatid segregation in stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben L. Carty ◽  
Elaine M. Dunleavy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Sister Chromatids ◽  
Centromere Protein A ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

Abstract Asymmetric cell division (ACD) produces daughter cells with separate distinct cell fates and is critical for the development and regulation of multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms are key players in cell fate determination. Centromeres, epigenetically specified loci defined by the presence of the histone H3-variant, centromere protein A (CENP-A), are essential for chromosome segregation at cell division. ACDs in stem cells and in oocyte meiosis have been proposed to be reliant on centromere integrity for the regulation of the non-random segregation of chromosomes. It has recently been shown that CENP-A is asymmetrically distributed between the centromeres of sister chromatids in male and female Drosophila germline stem cells (GSCs), with more CENP-A on sister chromatids to be segregated to the GSC. This imbalance in centromere strength correlates with the temporal and asymmetric assembly of the mitotic spindle and potentially orientates the cell to allow for biased sister chromatid retention in stem cells. In this essay, we discuss the recent evidence for asymmetric sister centromeres in stem cells. Thereafter, we discuss mechanistic avenues to establish this sister centromere asymmetry and how it ultimately might influence cell fate.

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