History of Mental Health and Mental Illness

Abstract Background Globally, the prevalence of mental illness amongst university students is a major concern; same is the case with nursing students. Unaddressed mental illness stigma contributes towards hiding of symptoms hampers timely identification of the disease, and leads to reluctance in attitude towards seeking help. This study determined personal and perceived depression stigma and attitude towards help-seeking behaviors and its associated factors, among undergraduate nursing students at a private nursing institution in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 246 first and second-Year undergraduate nursing students using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using the Depression Stigma Scale (DSS) and the Attitude toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (ATSPPHS), along with a demographic questionnaire. Chi-square test, Fischer’s exact test and student T test were used to determine significance of difference of each response between first and second year students. Multiple linear regression was employed to determine predictors of DSS and ATSPPHS. Approval was obtained from the university’s Ethics Review Committee. Results The study findings revealed that the mean scores of the personal and perceived stigma scales were 29.7 ± 4.9 and 24.3 ± 6.1, respectively. The mean score of ATSPPHS was 16.5 ± 3.8. The participants reported a mean openness score of7.8 ± 2.6 and a value scale score of 8.7 ± 3.0. A history of psychiatric illness, current living arrangements, and personal depression stigma were found to be significant predictors of ATSPHHS. The year of study was a significant predictor of personal depression stigma whereas both years of study and the current living arrangements were significantly associated with perceived depression stigma. Conclusion Attitude towards seeking help for mental illness was significantly influenced by personal and perceived stigma. Moreover, previous history of psychiatric illness and living arrangements also predicted attitudes towards seeking help. In order to encourage positive attitudes towards seeking help for students’ well-being, it is essential to destigmatize mental health issues by adapting context-based, individualized, and group mental health interventions.

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The History of Unreason

Research Anthology on Mental Health Stigma, Education, and Treatment ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch001 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Samuel Teague ◽

Peter Robinson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Social Construction ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Historical Narrative ◽

Individual Responsibility ◽

Socially Constructed ◽

The Social ◽

Health And Illness ◽

History Of

This chapter reflects on the importance of the historical narrative of mental illness, arguing that Western countries have sought new ways to confine the mentally ill in the post-asylum era, namely through the effects of stigma and medicalization. The walls are invisible, when once they were physical. The chapter outlines how health and illness can be understood as socially constructed illustrating how mental health has been constructed uniquely across cultures and over time. To understand this process more fully, it is necessary to consider the history of madness, a story of numerous social flashpoints. The trajectories of two primary mental health narratives are charted in this chapter. The authors argue that these narratives have played, and continue to play, an important role in the social construction of mental illness. These narratives are “confinement” and “individual responsibility.” Drawing on the work of Michel Foucault and Roy Porter, the authors describe how Western culture has come to consider the mentally ill as a distinct, abnormal other.

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Barriers to Practitioners' Endorsement of a Recovery Perspective

Research Anthology on Mental Health Stigma, Education, and Treatment ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-8544-3.ch050 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 861-879

Author(s):

Debra Kram-Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Mental Health Treatment ◽

Behavioral Theory ◽

Meaningful Life ◽

Health Treatment ◽

Surgeon General ◽

History Of ◽

Cognitive Behavioral Theory ◽

The Impact

This chapter is concerned with the impact of practitioner biases on the experience of a meaningful life for individuals who live with serious mental illness (SMI). Professional biases, systemic biases that originate in societal fear and lack of knowledge, and internalized stigma taken on by the consumer affect life decisions. Following a history of treatment initiatives experienced by consumers as abusive, it is important to understand how a system envisioned to protect and treat was often experienced as harmful. In the 1980s a movement emerged to transform the nature of mental health treatment to a client-centered, recovery-oriented model. In 1999, the Surgeon General proclaimed that all agencies serving this population should be recovery oriented. Yet, the shift to this approach to understanding people with SMI has not been complete. While there are many explanations why practitioners may not fully embrace this perspective, this chapter introduces the concept of “schemas” from cognitive behavioral theory as a way of examining professional biases in the field of SMI.

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Stanford’s Brainstorm Lab for Mental Health Innovation

Convergence Mental Health ◽

10.1093/med/9780197506271.003.0026 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 389-410

Author(s):

Anjali Albuquerque ◽

Neha P Chaudhary ◽

Gowri G Aragam ◽

Nina Vasan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

World Views ◽

Health Innovation ◽

Sustainable Solutions ◽

The World ◽

History Of ◽

One To One ◽

The Way

Stanford Brainstorm, the world’s first lab for mental health innovation, taps into the combined potential of academia and industry—bridging medicine, technology, and entrepreneurship—to redesign the way the world views, diagnoses, and treats mental illness. Convergence science has facilitated Brainstorm’s emergence as a pivotal protagonist in the history of the mental health innovation field. In turn, Brainstorm has catalyzed innovation within mental health by applying convergent approaches to tackle the scope, immediacy, and impact of mental illness. Stanford Brainstorm’s thinking about mental health represents a shift in the discipline of psychiatry from a focus on one-to-one delivery to collaborative and sustainable solutions for millions.

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A brief history of the criminalization of mental illness

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852920000103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 638-650 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joel A. Dvoskin ◽

James L. Knoll ◽

Mollie Silva

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Community Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

The United States ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

The People ◽

History Of ◽

Serious Mental Illnesses

This article traces the history of the way in which mental disorders were viewed and treated, from before the birth of Christ to the present day. Special attention is paid to the process of deinstitutionalization in the United States and the failure to create an adequately robust community mental health system to care for the people who, in a previous era, might have experienced lifelong hospitalization. As a result, far too many people with serious mental illnesses are living in jails and prisons that are ill-suited and unprepared to meet their needs.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTAL HEALTH HISTORY AND SYMPTOMS, SEX, AND RECOVERY TIME IN A CONCUSSED PEDIATRIC POPULATION

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120s00233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967120S0023

Author(s):

Richard Cameron Allred ◽

Sara Stremlau ◽

Richard Gerkin ◽

Steven Erickson ◽

Jamie Pardini

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Return To Play ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Health History ◽

Mental Health History ◽

Recovery Times ◽

History Of

Background: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) are mental health screening instruments that assess symptoms of depression and anxiety. Studies of patients with concussion suggest that history of mental illness is associated with prolonged recovery; however, little research has examined the value of these tools in a concussed pediatric population (Iverson et al., 2017). Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between anxiety and depression symptoms, mental illness history, sex, and time to recover in a concussed pediatric population. We hypothesized that mental health symptoms and history, and female sex would predict longer recoveries in the pediatric population. Methods: IRB-approved retrospective chart review was used for data collection. Demographics, self-reported mental health history, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores were acquired for 250 adolescents ages 12-18 (45.2% female) who presented to an outpatient concussion clinic for their initial visit. Days to recover was imputed for all patients who had been discharged by clinic physicians based on international return to play standards. Results: Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analysis of this nonnormally distributed data. Males were found to recover more quickly than females (female median = 15 days, IQR 7-27; male median = 12 days, IQR 6-23; p=.013). No significant differences were observed in days to clearance based on reported history of mental health disorder (p=.066). Individuals who scored above cutoff (see Kroenke et al., 2001; Spitzer et al., 2006) on the GAD-7 (below cutoff median = 12.00 days; above cutoff median = 21.00 days) and PHQ-9 (below cutoff median = 23.5 days; above cutoff median = 57.00 days) required longer recovery times (p <.001). Conclusion: We found longer recovery times in females versus males, and in those whose scores fell above cutoff for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at their initial clinic visit. Although a trend existed, there were no significant differences in recovery time for those who reported a mental health history compared to those who did not. Results suggest that the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 may be useful screening measures in a concussion clinic and may provide additional insight into potential recovery times for pediatric patients.

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Community Perception towards Mental Illness among Residents of Gimbi Town, Western Ethiopia

Psychiatry Journal ◽

10.1155/2016/6740346 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Misael Benti ◽

Jemal Ebrahim ◽

Tadesse Awoke ◽

Zegeye Yohannis ◽

Asres Bedaso

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Family History ◽

Health Information ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Community Perception ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mental Health Information ◽

History Of

Background. Despite the increased burden of mental health problem, little is known about knowledge and perception of the public towards mental health problems in Ethiopia. Methods. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among selected 845 Gimbi town residents from May 28 to June 28, 2014. Results. Out of the total study participants, 304 (37.3%) were found to have poor perception (a score below mean five semantic differential scales for positive questions and above mean for negative questions) of mental illness. Being above 28 years of age (AOR = 0.48 CI (0.23, 0.78)), private workers (AOR = 0.41 CI (0.19, 0.87)), and lack of mental health information were found to be associated with poor perception of mental illness (AOR = 0.133 CI (0.09, 0.20)). Absence of family history of mental illness was also found to be associated with poor perception of mental illness (AOR = 0.37 CI (0.21, 0.66)). Conclusions. Significant proportions of the community in Gimbi town were found to have poor perception of mental illness. Poor perception is common among old aged, less educated, private workers, those unable to access mental health information, and those with no family history of mental illness. Mental health education on possible causes, treatment options, and possible outcome of treatment to the community is required.

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Mental health, permanent housing, and peer support through community living in the Fairweather Lodge: implementation through collaboration

Housing Care and Support ◽

10.1108/hcs-02-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 26-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Bermingham ◽

Christopher F. Manlick ◽

William Ming Liu

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Peer Support ◽

Housing Program ◽

Content Type ◽

Complex Needs ◽

Study Approach ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Employment Needs

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explain the history of the Fairweather Lodge Program, its utility, the development of one program in a small Midwestern city, the role of psychology, and the importance of disseminating information about the program to combat homelessness. Design/methodology/approach – This paper takes a short case study approach to describing the evolution of a peer support-based housing program for individuals with serious mental illness and a history of homelessness. Findings – The Fairweather Lodge facilitates peer support, community engagement, stable housing, and work engagement in those struggling with mental illness and homelessness. Originality/value – The Fairweather Lodge Program is a program intended to support the mental health and employment needs of individuals with severe mental illness who are at increased risk of homelessness. Housing alone often does not address the complex needs of chronically homeless individuals.

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DESIGNING THE MINIMUM DATA SET OF PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCY RECORD

Medical Technologies Journal ◽

10.26415/2572-004x-vol1iss4p117-118 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 117-118

Author(s):

Zahra Ebnehoseini ◽

Marziyhe Meraji ◽

Farzad Akbarzadeh ◽

Malihe Irajzade

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Literature Review ◽

Work Experience ◽

Psychiatric Emergency ◽

Clinical Psychologist ◽

Emergency Psychiatry ◽

Data Element ◽

Data Set ◽

History Of

Introduction: Psychiatric emergencies are acute mental health disturbances, behavior and social relationship that require immediate intervention. The major role of psychiatric emergency services is to provide mental health care services for patients with acute mental health problems. Design emergency psychiatry core dataset has improved the coordination and integration of services and improved the outcomes for the patient with severe and persistent mental illness with complex needs. So the aim of this study was to design data elements (DEs) in emergency psychiatry for Iran. Methods: This is an applied study. Emergency psychiatry (DEs) collected via literature review and then psychologist and psychiatrist (16 experts) assign the score from 0 to 5 to them according to the value of each data element. (DEs) selected as core Emergency psychiatry (DEs) that were achieved 4 or 5 scores from 75% specialist. Results: According to the literature review, 110 (DEs) included studying. 13 experts (8 psychologists, 8 Clinical Psychologist) evaluated psychiatric emergency (DEs) set. The average work experience of psychiatrists and psychologists was 16 years and their work experience ranged from 2 to 25 years (table 1). according to the experts opinion, 54 (DEs) with at least 75% of the agreement were identified as the psychiatric emergency (DEs). Emergency psychiatric (DEs) and average agreement of each of them were: demographic characteristics (6 DEs with an agreement average of 82.5%), history of mental illness (9 DEs with an agreement average of 79%), family history of psychology (3 DEs with an average agreement of 77.08%), medical history (1 DEs with an average agreement of 81.25 %) Assessment of mental status ( 20 DEs with an average agreement of 82%), assessment of the self harm risk or harm risk for others ( 13 DEs with an average agreement of 93.6%) and diagnosis and treatment (3 DEs with an average agreement of 81.25%). Conclusion: Given the importance of psychiatric disorder and lack of the national system for gathering psychiatric information, perform the same study abut psychiatric data element is very important. The results of this study can be used for design psychiatric emergency forms and gather accurate and complete patient information.

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Does having been on a ‘section’ reduce your chances of getting a job?

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.27.5.177 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (05) ◽

pp. 177-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

John Fenton ◽

Dee O'Hanlon ◽

Danny Allen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Job Applicants ◽

Small Companies ◽

Medical Opinion ◽

Mental Health Act ◽

History Of ◽

Fitness To Work ◽

Job Prospects

Aims and Method To ascertain employers' attitudes to interviewing and hiring job applicants with a history of mental illness and, in particular, to assess the potential effect on job prospects for applicants with a history of admission under the Mental Health Act 1983. A postal tick-box questionnaire was sent to 174 companies; there was a 32% response rate. Results The main factors influencing employers' hiring decisions were medical opinion regarding an applicant's fitness to work and their employment and sickness records. In about three-quarters of small companies and half of large companies, questions about mental illness are simply never asked. Clinical Implications Approved social workers have no reason to caution people assessed under the Mental Health Act 1983 that being detained could harm their job prospects.

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